Functional and Aesthetic Reconstruction of Burn Patients

+.

9d] RcX^] P[ P] S 4 TbcWTcXR ETR^] bcadRcX^] ^U 5 da] TS CPcXT] cb
GPQ[T
*&,
Aeokn` ano
> ook_e]pa`
s epd
Fi l ]ena` ? hkk` Chks
L __hqoer a ]npane]h ` eoa]oa
> npaneko_hankoeo k^hepan]j o
J e_nkai ^kheoi
Qdnki ^k]j ceepeo k^hepan]j o %? qancan ` eoa]oa&
S ]okl ]ope_ ` eoa]oa
@kh` oaj oeper epu %O]uj ]q` pul a&
Bnupdnki ah]ce]
I er a` k nape_qh]neo %oar ana bkni o&
S ]o_qhepeo
P_hank` ani ]
Puopai e_ hql qo anupdai ]pkoqo
Mane]panepeo j k` ko]
E ai ]pkhkce_ ` eokn` ano
@nukchk^qhej ai e]
Mkhu_updai e] r an]
Eul anpaj oer a qh_ano
! &) ' #$2 : ^[Y F`MPQXYMZZ I ? $ 8 USQZU_ 5 ; $ G[ NUZ ; E&
=Y\ QPUYQZ`_ `[ c [ aZP TQMXUZS& 5 Y > Fa^S )1103
) / . "_a\ \ X *5 #2+1F%, / F3 c U`T \ Q^YU__U[ Z&
]o paj oekj kj _hkoqna kb s kqj ` o kn pkk i q_d l naooqna kj
s kqj ` o bnki pda ` naooej c _]j qj ` ani ej a pda _nepe_]h
har ah kb peooqa kt ucaj paj oekj + > j ai e] s ]o kj _a pdkqcdp
pk nap]n` pda s kqj ` *da]hej c _]o_]` a) ^qp pdeo d]o ^aaj
nabqpa` ej opq` eao kb dul kl anbqoekj ]j ` ei i a` e]pa naoqo_e*
p]pekj %. - 0*. - 2&+ Fp j ks op]j ` o pd]p dul kl anbqoekj eo
i kna kb ] neog b]_pkn kb ei l ]ena` s kqj ` da]hej c pd]j
]j ai e] %66*. - 0&+ Bh` anhu l ]peaj po da]h ohks an _ki l ]na`
pk ukqj can l ]peaj po+ Fj ]` ` epekj ) pda o]i a l anokj da]ho
ohks an ]o da kn oda ]cao+ > hh l d]oao kb pda da]hej c
_]o_]` a ]na ]bba_pa` ]o kj a ]cao ]j ` pdeo opai o bnki pda
abba_po kb ]cej c kj i ]_nkl d]cao %. - 3). - 4&+
Ae]^apao i ahhepqo ` aoanr ao ] ol a_e]h i aj pekj ) ]o l akl ha
s epd pdeo ` eoa]oa d]r a ^aaj s epj aooa` pk da]h ohks hu s epd
i ]j u _ki l he_]pekj o kbpaj ha]` ej c pk hei ^ hkoo+ Qda
nah]pekj odel ^aps aaj ` e]^apao ]j ` ei l ]ena` s kqj `
da]hej c eo _ki l hat ) ]j ` _kj pej qao pk ar khr a+ J ]j u
b]_pkno _kj pne^qpa pk pda ]hpana` s kqj ` da]hej c oaaj ej ` e]*
^ape_o+ Qdaoa ej _hq` a) ^qp ]na j kp hei epa` pk) l na` eol koepekj
pk kpdan ouopai e_ ` eoa]oao oq_d ]o ]pdanko_hankoeo) naj ]h
b]ehqna s epd _kj _ki ep]j p qnai e]) l anel dan]h ]npane]h
` eoa]oa) ]j ` _k]cqhkl ]pdu+ > j kpdan _kj pne^qpej c b]_pkn
oaaj ej ` e]^ape_o eo ] pde_gaj a` _]l ehh]nu l aner ]o_qh]n
i ai ^n]j a s de_d ` a_na]oao l anbqoekj ej pda i e_nkaj r enkj *
i aj p %. - 5&+
Dhu_ai e_ _kj pnkh d]o ^aaj pda bk_qo kb i ]j u ej r aope*
c]pkno ]j ` d]o ^aaj l nkr aj pk ]` r anoahu ]bba_p s kqj `
da]hej c %. - 6&+ Dkk` okj ]j ` Eqj p %. . - & ` ai kj opn]pa`
ei l nkr a` s kqj ` da]hej c ej ]j ei ]ho s epd ` aopnkua` eohapo
kb I ]j cand]j o _ahho ^u l nar aj pej c dul anchu_ai e] ej
pdaoa ]j ei ]ho+ Qdnaa dul kpdaoao oaai pk at l h]ej pdeo
l daj ki aj kj + Qda benop dul kpdaoeo eo pda ]hpan]pekj kb
K]( ,H ( > QM]oa ]_per epu ]p pda _ahhqh]n har ah %. . - *. . / &+
E ul anchu_ai e] ql nacqh]pao pda aj vui a ]h` koa na` q_p]oa
pd]p _kj r anpo chq_koa pk okn^epkh r e] pda l khukh l ]pds ]u+
Fj pdeo l ]pds ]u) okn^epkh eo pdaj _kj r anpa` pk bnq_pkoa caj *
an]pej c K> AE+ Qs k pdej co d]l l aj + Cenop) pda _kj r anoekj
kb okn^epkh pk bnq_pkoa ^u okn^epkh ` adu` nkcaj ]oa eo ohks )
pdana^u _]qoej c ] ^qeh` ql kb okn^epkh+ Qda ej _na]oa` _kj *
_aj pn]pekj kb okn^epkh _]qoao ]j ej _na]oa ej pda koi kpe_
hk]` kb _ahho+ Qda _ahho ar aj pq]hhu os ahh ]o s ]pan aj pano)
pk amqehe^n]pa pda _kj _aj pn]pekj kb okn^epkh+ Fj ]` ` epekj )
okn^epkh ej de^epo pda ql p]ga kb i uk*ej koepkh pd]p _kj oa*
mqaj phu ]hpano pda K]( ,H ( > QM]oa ]_per epu+ Qda ej _na]oa`
_kj r anoekj kb okn^epkh pk bnq_pkoa ar aj pq]hhu _]qoao ` ei q*
j epekj ej K> AME har aho) s de_d ej pqnj ej _na]oao pda neog kb
kt e` ]per a opnaoo+ Qaob]i ]ne]i %. . 0& d]o odks j oki a
ei l nkr ai aj p kb pda abba_po kb dul anchu_ai e] kj aj ` k*
pdahe]h _ahho ej s kqj ` da]hej c qoej c ej de^epkno kb ]h` koa
na` q_p]oa+
Qda oa_kj ` dul kpdaoeo kj pda ei l ]ena` s kqj ` da]hej c
j kpa` ej ` e]^ape_o eo pda ]_per ]pekj kb l nkpaej gej ]oa @
%MH@& ^u dul anchu_ai e] %. . 1&+ Ae] _uh*chu_ankh ouj pdaoeo
eo ahar ]pa` ^u dul anchu_ai e]) s de_d ej pqnj _]qoao MH@
]_per epu pk ej _na]oa+ MH@ eo ]j ei l knp]j p oecj ]hej c i kh*
a_qha) ]j ` i ]j u _ahhqh]n ]_per epeao qoa pda MH@ oecj ]hej c
l ]pds ]u+ @ahhqh]n l nkheban]pekj ]j ` _]h_eqi i ap]^kheoi
qpeheva pdeo l ]pds ]u+
Qda pden` i a_d]j eoi eo dul anchu_ai e] ej ` q_a`
ë]` r ]j _a` chu_kouh]pekj aj ` l nk` q_poí %> DBo& %. . 2&+
> DBo ]na h]nca ]ccnac]pao kb ]h` koao ^kqj ` pk na]_per a
]i ej k cnkql o ^u _kr ]haj p ^kj ` o+ > DBo i ]u ]_per ]pa
j q_ha]n b] _pkn*@7 %KC*g? & ] gau pn]j o_nel pekj b]_pkn
ej r khr a` ej i ]j u _upkgej a*nah]pa` _ahh naol kj oao %. . 3&+
> DBo i ]u ej ` q_a MADC) QKC*] ) ]j ` FI *h] 7 ]j ` ej de^ep
j kni ]h _khh]caj ` acn]` ]pekj %. . 4*. . 6&+ Qda ]j pe` e]^ape_
` nqc ]i ej kcq]j e` ej a i ]u ^a qoa` pk oql l naoo pda l nk*
` q_pekj kb > DBo %. / - ). / . &+
E ul anchu_ai e] ]hok _]qoao ei l ]eni aj p ej haqgk_upa
]j ` hui l dk_upe_ bqj _pekj ]j ` ei i qj a bqj _pekj oql l nao*
oekj ]o ] s dkha+ J ]j u ej r aopec]pkno d]r a odks j pd]p
na` q_pekj ej cnks pd b]_pkn l nk` q_pekj ]j ` ej _na]oa` l nk*
pakchu_]j o ej pda B@J _kj pne^qpa pk oki a kb pda ei l ]en*
i aj p ej pda ` e]^ape_ s kqj ` %. . 4*. . 6&+ Qdana eo ]
` a_na]oa` at l naooekj kb i OK> ]j ` l nk` q_pekj kb FDC*. )
FDC*FF) HDC) ]j ` i ]j u kpdano %. / / *. / 1&+ J ]j u ej r aope*
c]pkno d]r a odks j ej _na]oa` na*al epdahe]hev]pekj kb ^qi
s kqj ` o qoej c FDC*. hel koki ]h caj a pn]j oban ej ]j ei ]h
i k` aho %. / 2). / 3&+ J J M har aho ]na ej _na]oa` ej ` e]^ape_
s kqj ` o+
J ]hj qpnepekj ]` r anoahu ]bba_po s kqj ` da]hej c+ Fj ]` a*
mq]pa _]hknea ej p]ga ]j ` j qpnepekj ]h ^]h]j _a ei l ]en
s kqj ` da]hej c %Q]^ha / +2& %. . 5&+ Mnkpaej o l h]u ] i ]fkn
nkha ej pda ouj pdaoeo kb _khh]caj %Cec+ / +. - &+ T deha i kop
]cnaa pd]p pda j kni ]h s kqj ` *da]hej c l nk_aoo _]j j kp
l nk_aa` s epd ]h^qi ej har aho 9 / c,` I ) ` abe_eaj _eao ej pda
_]o_]` a d]r a ^aaj nal knpa` s epd ]h^qi ej har ah 9 0 c,` I
%. / 4&+ Mnkpaej nal h]_ai aj p ]j ` oql l hai aj p]pekj _]j

J ^d] S ; TP[X] V

+/
GPQ[T *&-
Kqpnepekj ]h Aabe_e*
aj _eao > ook_e]pa` s epd Aah] ua`
T kqj ` Ea]hej c
Aa_na]oa` l nkpaej o har aho
@]n^kdu` n]pa ` al hapekj
Aa_na]oa` har aho kb ]i ej k ]_e` o
> ncej ej a
Dhqp]i ej a
S ep]i ej o
Aa_na]oa` r ep]i ej @
Aa_na]oa` r ep]i ej >
Bt _aoo r ep]i ej B
Qn]_a ahai aj p ` abe_eaj _eao
Wej _
Fnkj
@kl l an
J ]cj aoeqi
! &) ' #$2 6 aY_ Q` MX& ") *1#&
nar anoa pdeo l nk_aoo %. / 5&) daj _a pda ei l knp]j _a kb a]nhu
aj pan]h baa` o ne_d ej l nkpaej +
S ep]i ej ` abe_eaj _eao d]r a ^aaj j kpa` pk ei l ]_p s kqj `
da]hej c ` qa pk pda nkha kb r ep]i ej o ]o _kb]_pkno ej oar an]h
l ]pds ]uo+ Qda gau r ep]i ej o ]na r ep]i ej o > ) @) B) ]j `
H+ S ep]i ej > d]o ^aaj odks j pk ei l nkr a s kqj ` o nap]n` a`
^u opanke` o %. 0- &+ S ep]i ej > ` abe_eaj _u ei l ]eno pda ]_pe*
r ]pekj kb i kj k_upao ]j ` ` al koepekj kb be^nkj a_pej ) s de_d
ej pqnj ]bba_po _ahhqh]n ]` daoekj ]j ` QDC*? na_al pkn
ei l ]eni aj p %. 0. *. 00&+ Cnaei ]j ap ]h+ %. 00& ` ai kj opn]pa`
ej pda a]nhu . 64- o pd]p ` a_na]oa` paj oeha opnaj cpd aj oqa`
bnki ` a_na]oa` r ep]i ej > har aho+ S ep]i ej > l h]uo ] nkha
ej huokoki ]h aj vui a op]^ehev]pekj ej s kqj ` o ]j ` bqj _pekj o
ej _ahh i a` e]pa` naol kj oa ]j ` _upkpkt epu) ]j pe^k` u
naol kj oa) ]j ` l nk` q_pekj kb _upkgej ao %. 01&+ S ep]i ej >
` abe_eaj _u eo qoq]hhu n]na ]j ` ]hi kop ar anu bkk` okqn_a
_kj p]ej o r ep]i ej >+
S ep]i ej @ %]o_kn^e_ ]_e` & ` abe_eaj _u naoqhpo ej b]qhpu
_khh]caj ouj pdaoeo+ > o i aj pekj a` ej pda l nk` q_pekj kb _kh*
h]caj ) r ep]i ej @ oanr ao ]o ] _kb]_pkn ej pda du` nkt uh]pekj
kb l nkhej a ]j ` huoej a+ Br aj ej ]o heppha ]o 0 i kj pdo kb ` al ne*
r ]pekj kb r ep]i ej @ _]j ` ah]u s kqj ` da]hej c+ Par ana
r ep]i ej @ ` abe_eaj _u _]j ar aj _]qoa ` adeo_aj _a kb l na*
r ekqohu da]ha` s kqj ` o %. 02&+ S ep]i ej @ ]hok l h]uo ]
nkha ej haqgk_upa na_nqepi aj p ej pk ] s kqj ` ]j ` _kj pne^qpao
pk pda bkni ]pekj kb oql ankt e` ao pd]p ]e` o ej pda gehhej c kb
^]_pane]+ Fpo ` abe_eaj _u ej pdeo oaj oa _]qoao ]j ei i qj a
_ki l nki eoa+ > o ]j ]j pekt e` ]j p) r ep]i ej @ d]o ^aaj
odks j pk ei l nkr a da]hej c %. 02&+ Pql l hai aj p]pekj kb
r ep]i ej @ _]j ^a ` kj a ]p ` koao kb ql pk . - - - i c,` ] u+ Fp
eo ] s ]pan*okhq^ha r ep]i ej ]j ` ]o oq_d d]o ] ^appan o]bapu
l nkbeha qj hega r ep]i ej o > ) B) ]j ` H) s de_d ]na hel e`
okhq^ha+ Oaj ]h ` uobqj _pekj _]j k__qn ` qa pk pda bkni ]pekj
kb kt ]h]pa _nuop]ho ej pda naj ]h pq^qhao+
S ep]i ej H l h]uo ] i ]fkn nkha ej pda _hkppej c _]o_]` a ]j `
ej ` er e` q]hhu ]bba_po s kqj ` da]hej c+ Aabe_eaj _eao ej
r ep]i ej H naoqhp ej ` a_na]oa` ouj pdaoeo kb b]_pkno FF) S FF)
FU) ]j ` U) ]j ` ei l a` a pda n]pa kb pda ej epe]h ël hqcí bkn*
i ]pekj %. / 6&+
Qn]_a ahai aj po ]na kr anhkkga` s daj ep _ki ao pk
]^j kni ]hepeao ej s kqj ` da]hej c+ Qdaoa ahai aj po ]na
ei l knp]j p) ]o pdau oanr a ]o _kb]_pkno ej pda s kqj ` *
da]hej c _]o_]` a+ Wej _) enkj ) _kl l an) ]j ` i ]cj aoeqi ]na
pda gau pn]_a ahai aj po ej s kqj ` da]hej c+ Wej _ eo ]j ei l knp*
]j p _kb]_pkn ej kr an . - - ` ebbanaj p aj vui ]pe_ l ]pds ]uo %/ 3&+
Fp oanr ao ]o ] _kb]_pkn bkn AK> l khui an]oa ]j ` oql ankt e` a
` eoi qp]oa ]j ` dahl o ej _ahhqh]n l nkheban]pekj ]j `
9XVdaT *&) (
3 YVVKQOX ] cX^RO] S] $ IF S^R ZO\WS] ] SYX P\ YW 2 _\X] O^ KV$ ' ( / !$J

+0

9d] RcX^] P[ P] S 4 TbcWTcXR ETR^] bcadRcX^] ^ U 5 da] TS CPcXT] cb
al epdahe]hev]pekj %. 03&+ Wej _ ` abe_eaj _u d]o ^aaj odks j pk
_]qoa ` a_na]oa paj oeha opnaj cpd ej ] n]p i k` ah %. 03&+ Wej _
` abe_eaj _u eo n]na at _al p ej h]nca ^qnj o) _dnkj e_ ]h_kdkheoi )
]j ` _enndkoeo kb pda her an %. / 6&+ Cannkqo enkj oanr ao ]o ]
_kb]_pkn ej _khh]caj ouj pdaoeo8 pdanabkna) ] ` abe_eaj _u _]j
_]qoa b]qhpu _khh]caj ouj pdaoeo+ Fj ]` ` epekj pk ]o_kn^e_
]_e` oanr ej c ]o ] _kb]_pkn ej _khh]caj ouj pdaoeo) pda
du` nkt uh]pekj kb l nkhej a ]j ` huoej a namqenao enkj ]o ]
_kb]_pkn+ Qdana d]o ^aaj j k _kj _hqoer a opq` u hej gej c enkj
` abe_eaj _u ]j ai e] pk ei l ]ena` da]hej c %. - 2&+ Oa_aj p
opq` eao ` al e_p enkj ]o ` apnei aj p]h pk s kqj ` da]hej c
%. 04&+ Qdaoa opq` eao l nkl koa pd]p ej _na]oa kb enkj _]qoao
ej _na]oa` na]_per a kt ucaj ol a_eao pd]p _]qoao ej _na]oa`
_kj j a_per a peooqa ` aopnq_pekj ) l anoeopaj p ej bh]i i ]pekj )
]j ` hel e` l ankt e` ]pekj ha]` ej c pk _dnkj e_ s kqj ` o %. 04&+
*'
9 dgYe
J ]j u ` nqco ei l ]en pda s kqj ` *da]hej c l nk_aoo %Q]^ha / +3&+
T deha pda heop _kj pej qao pk ej _na]oa) _dai kpdan]l aqpe_
]caj po) opanke` o) ]j ` KP> FAo ]na ]i kj c pda s e` ahu
opq` ea` ` nqco pd]p ]bba_p s kqj ` da]hej c %/ 3). / 6&+
Ppanke` o ei l ]en s kqj ` da]hej c ^u ` ena_phu ` ]i l aj ej c
pda _ahhqh]n naol kj oa+ Ce^nk^h]op l nkheban]pekj eo ]bba_pa` )
s de_d ej pqnj ]bba_po _khh]caj l nk` q_pekj + Qda B@J
_kj paj p eo o_]j pu ej opanke` *pna]pa` ]j ei ]ho ]j ` cn]j qh]pekj
peooqa bkni ]pekj eo ` a_na]oa` %/ 6&+ ? u op]^ehevej c huokok*
i ]h i ai ^n]j ao) opanke` o ^hk_g pda naha]oa kb ej pn]_ahhqh]n
_kj paj po %/ 6&+ @kj oamqaj phu) opanke` o ` a_na]oa s kqj `
paj oeha opnaj cpd ej ] pei a* ]j ` ` koa*` al aj ` aj p b]odekj +
S ep]i ej > nar anoao pdeo ]_pekj kb opanke` o %. 05&+
KP> FAo l h]u ] _kj pnkr anoe]h nkha ej s kqj ` da]hej c+
Par an]h opq` eao ei l he_]pa KP> FAo ej ` ah]ua` s kqj `
da]hej c) ar aj ej hks ` kao) ^qp ] cnkql kb P_]j ` ej ]r e]j
o_eaj peopo d]r a ` ai kj opn]pa` pda hei ep]pekj kb j a_nkoeo ej
eo_dai e_ s kqj ` o s epd pda qoa kb KP> FAo %. 06&+
GPQ[T *&.
Anqco > ook_e]pa` s epd T kqj ` *E a]hej c Aah]uo
> j pe_k]cqh]j po

Mdaj upkej
> j pedeop]i ej ao

Dhq_k_knpe_ke` o
> j pei e_nk^e]ho %oki a&

Fi i qj koql l naooer a ]caj po
> ol enej

I ]pdunkcaj o
> v]pdekl nej a

Kkj opanke` ]h ]j pe*ej bh]i i ]pknu
]caj po
? *]i ej kl nkl nekj epneha
%? > MK&
Mkr e` kj a*ek` ej a

M]l ]r anej a
@dai kpdan]l aqpe_ ]caj po

Maj e_ehh]i ej a
@dhkndat e` ej a

Mdaj uh^qp]vkj a
@kh_de_ej a

Nqej khej a oqhb]pa
@u_hkol knej a

Oapej ke` o
A] gej îo okhqpekj %ok` eqi

Qdel daj ]i eh du` nk_dhkne` a
dul k_dhknepa - +/ 2" &
! &) ' #$ 6a^Z_ Q` MX& ") *1#&
> o l duoe_e]j o) s a at l a_p s kqj ` o pk da]h ej ] pei ahu
b]odekj ) ^qp d]r a s epj aooa` pd]p pdeo eo j kp ]hs ]uo pda
_]oa+ Fj pda h]op oar an]h ` a_]` ao) ep s ]o pdkqcdp pd]p
kl pei ]h s kqj ` _hkoqna _kqh` ^a ]_dear a` ^u ]__qn]pa
peooqa ]l l nkt ei ]pekj ) _kj pnkh kb ej ba_pekj ) ]j ` l nkpa_pekj
kb pda s kqj ` bnki at _aooer a l naooqna+ @qnnaj p naoa]n_d
ej pda h]op ps k ` a_]` ao d]o ^aaj bk_qoej c kj s kqj `
i ]j el qh]pekj qoej c na_ki ^ej ]j p pa_dj khkcu ]p pda i kha_q*
h]n har ah+ Par an]h _upkgej ao at eop pk` ]u pd]p d]r a ]hh
ei l ]_pa` s kqj ` da]hej c ej ] l koeper a i ]j j an+ T deha
i kop kb pdaoa ]na at l anei aj p]h) kj hu MADC*? ? d]o ^aaj
]l l nkr a` ^u pda CA> bkn ` e]^ape_ bkkp qh_ano %/ &+ Qdaoa
]caj po ]na qoa` pkl e_]hhu ]j ` ej _hq` a MADC) ^CDC) HDC)
BDC) QDC*? ) cn]j qhk_upa*i ]_nkl d]ca _khkj u*opei qh]pej c
b]_pkno %DJ *@PC&) FDC b]i ehu kb l nkpaej o) FI *. ,0) ]j ` ]
_ki ^ej ]pekj kb pdaoa ]caj po %/ &+ > hh pdaoa ]caj po d]r a
odks j l nki eoa ej pda ei l nkr ai aj p kb _dnkj e_ s kqj ` o+
Eks ar an) pdaen nkha ej pda i ]j ]cai aj p kb ^qi s kqj ` o eo
qj _anp]ej + Qda kj hu nai ]ej ej c b]_pkn eo CA> ]l l nkr ]h bkn
oki a kb pda i kna l nki eoej c kj ao+ @kop eo ]j kpdan eooqa)
]o pdaoa ]caj po ]na r anu at l aj oer a pk l nk` q_a+
> ppai l po ]na ^aej c i ]` a pk i ]j el qh]pa ]_qpa s kqj ` o+
Qda _upkgej ao i aj pekj a` ]^kr a d]r a ^aaj qoa` pk ol aa`
ql oqnce_]h ej _eoekj o ]o s ahh %. 1- &+ Cq ap ]h+ %. 1. & na_aj phu
nal knpa` pda nkha kb pkl e_]h na_ki ^ej ]j p ^kr ej a be^nk*
^h]op cnks pd b]_pkn bkn oa_kj ` *` acnaa ^qi o+ Qdeo opq` u
s ]o ] i qhpe_aj pan _hej e_]h pne]h s epd ] pkp]h kb 3- - l ]peaj po
bnki 0/ dkol ep]ho+ Qda ]qpdkno bqnpdan ` er e` a` pda s kqj ` o
ej pk oql anbe_e]h ]j ` ` aal oa_kj ` *` acnaa ^qnj o+ Qda pna]pa`
cnkql da]ha` pdaen s kqj ` o ej 6+6 ç / +2 ` ]uo bkn pda oql an*
be_e]h s kqj ` o ]j ` . 4+- ç 1+3 ` ]uo bkn pda ` aal s kqj ` o
_ki l ]na` s epd pda j kj pna]pa` cnkql o X. / +1 ( / +4 ` ]uo
%oql anbe_e]h& ]j ` / . +/ ( 1+6 ` ]uo %` aal &Y+ Qda nai ]ng]^ha
ei l ]_p kb pdaoa ]caj po ej s kqj ` da]hej c _]j kj hu ^a
qj ` ano_kna` ^u pda n]pa kb pdaen ]l l nkr ]h ^u pda CA> +
Qda l ]pdkl duoekhkcu kb pda ^qnj s kqj ` _kj pej qao pk ^a
qj _kr ana` ha]` ej c pk ^appan i ]j ]cai aj p kb pda ]_qpa
l d]oa kb ^qi ej fqnu+ Fp eo kj hu s daj pdeo eo i ]t ei ]hhu _kj *
pnkhha` pd]p kqn na_kj opnq_per a abbknpo s ehh ^a i kna bnqepbqh)
ueah` ej c ^appan _koi aoeo ]j ` bqj _pekj +
4 6 >ABJ ? 8 7 : @8 AGF
Pl a_e]h pd]j go ]na cer aj pk Paqj cdaa Ld) Ppar a P_dqaj ga)
]j ` Behaaj Cecqank] bkn pdaen _kj pne^qpekj o pk pda _d]l pan+
E898E8A6 8F
. +
J ehhan J G) M]pne_g @T Gn+ Qeooqa aj cej aanej c+ @hej Mh]op
Pqnc / - - 08 0- 76. *. - 0+
/ +
Ok^okj J @+ @upkgej a i ]j el qh]pekj kb pda s kqj ` + @hej
Mh]op Pqnc / - - 08 0- 724*32+

J ^d] S ; TP[X] V

+1
0+
V]i ]cq_de V) Vkodeg]s ] H+ @qp]j akqo s kqj ` da]hej c7
]j ql ` ]pa+ G Aani ]pkh / - - . 8 / 572/ . *201+
1+
G]_gokj AJ + Qda ` e]cj koeo kb pda ` al pd kb ^qnj ej c+ ? n G
Pqnc . 6208 1- 7255*263+
2+
J knepv > O) E aj nemqav C@+ Ppq` eao kb pdani ]h ej fqnu FF+
Qda nah]per a ei l knp]j _a kb pei a ]j ` oqnb]_a pai l an]pqna
ej pda _]qo]pekj kb _qp]j akqo ^qnj o+ > i G M]pdkh . 6148
/ 07362*4/ - +
3+
Ok^okj J @) Aah? a__]nk BG) Eaccano GM) I ku DI +
Fj _na]oej c ` ani ]h l anbqoekj ]bpan ^qnj ej c ^u ` a_na]oej c
pdnki ^kt ]j a l nk` q_pekj + G Qn]qi ] . 65-8 / - 74/ / *4/ 2+
4+
? kugej GS ) Bnegokkj B) Meppi ]j OK+ J e_nk_en_qh]pekj kb
o_]h` ^qnj 7 ]j [` h[ha at l anei aj p]h opq` u kb pda d]enhaoo
i kqoa a]n+ ? qnj o . 65- 8 47002*005+
5+
Gkdj okj @B) Dn]j opnki B) E]i ^qnc J + Mnkop]ch] j ` ej o
]j ` pdnki ^kt ]j a ej ^qnj ej fqnu ej i ]j + P_]j ` G Mh]op
Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 6468 . 0712+
6+
W]s ]_ge ? B+ Oar ano]h kb _]l ehh]nu op]oeo ]j ` l nar aj pekj kb
j a_nkoeo ej ^qnj o+ > j j Pqnc . 6418 . 5- 765*. - / +
. -+
E ]n]` ] Q) Fv]ge
P) Qoqpoqi e
E)
Hk^]u]ode
J )
Hep]i qn] H+ > l kl pkoeo kb d]en bkhhe_ha _ahho ej pda
oa_kj ` *` acnaa ^qi s kqj ` qj ` ano dul anj ]pnai e_ _kj ` e*
pekj o+ ? qi o . 6658 / 17131*136+
. . +
Aah? a__]nk BG) Ok^okj J @) Eaccano GM) Ps ]i ej ]pd]j O+
Qda qoa kb ol a_ebe_ pdnki ^kt ]j a ej de^epkno pk l naoanr a pda
` ani ]h i e_nk_en_qh]pekj ]bpan ^qnj ej c+ Pqncanu . 65- 8
547. 04*. 1. +
. / +
Ok^okj J @) Aah ? a__]nk BG) Eaccano GM+ Qda abba_p
kb l nkop]ch]j ` ej o kj pda ` ani ]h i e_nk_en_qh]pekj ]bpan
^qnj ej c) ]j ` pda ej de^epekj kb pda abba_p ^u ol a_ebe_ l d]ni ]*
_khkce_]h ]caj po+ Mh]op Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 6468 30745. *454+
. 0+
Oai aj oj u` an GM+ Qkl kcn]l du kb peooqa kt ucaj paj oekj
_d]j cao ej ]_qpa ^qi a` ai ]+ > n_d Pqnc . 64/ 8 . - 27144*15/ +
. 1+
> npqnokj D+ J e_nkr ]o_qh]n l ani a]^ehepu pk i ]_nki kh*
a_qhao ej pdani ]h ej fqnu+ > _p] Mduoekh P_]j ` Pql l h
. 6468 1307. . . *. / / +
. 2+
> npqnokj D) Pka` ] P+ @d]j cao ej pn]j o_]l ehh]nu ha]g]ca
` qnej c da]hej c kb at l anei aj p]h ^qnj o+ > _p] @den P_]j `
. 6348 . 0073- 6*3. 1+
. 3+
? nkqd]n` ? E) @]nr ]f]h EC) I ej ]nao E> + ? qi a` ai ] ]j `
l nkpaej ha]g]ca ej pda n]p+ F+ Oah] pekj odel pk pei a kb ej fqnu+
J e_nkr ]o_ Oao . 6458 . 27/ / . */ / 5+
. 4+
@kpn]j OP+ Qda ` ah]ua` ]j ` l nkhkj ca` r ]o_qh] n ha]g]ca ej
ej bh]i i ]pekj + FF+ ]j aha_pnkj i e_nko_kl e_ opq` u kb pda r ] o*
_qh]n naol kj oa ]bpan pdani ]h ej fqnu+ > i G M]pdkh . 6328
137256*3/ - +
. 5+
E ]pdanehh GO) Qehh DL) ? nqj an I E) T ]n` M> + Qdani ]h
ej fqnu) ej pn]r ]o_qh]n dai khuoeo) ]j ` pkt e_ kt ucaj l nk*
` q_po+ G @hej Fj r aop . 6538 4573/ 6*303+
. 6+
Pej au I ) ? n]ej PA+ Fj r khr ai aj p kb oaj oknu j aqnkl al pe` ao
ej pda ` ar ahkl i aj p kb l h]oi ] at pn]r ]o]pekj ej n]p ` kno]h
ogej bkhhks ej c pdani ]h ej fqnu+ ? n G Md]ni ]_kh . 6638
. . 47. - 32*. - 4- +
/ - + > j cc]n` B) > npqnokj D) Gkj ookj @B+ Bbbhqt kb l nkop]*
ch] j ` ej o ej hui l d bnki o_]h` a` peooqao+ > _p] Mduoekh
P_]j ` . 64-8 5- 713> *14> +
/ . + > npqnokj D) E]i ^anc J ) Gkj ookj @B+ Mnkop]ch]j ` ej o ej
dqi ]j ^qnj
^heopan bhqe` + > _p] Mduoekh P_]j ` . 6408
547/ 4- */ 43+
/ / +
E accano GM) I ku DI ) Ok^okj J @) Aah ? a__]nk BG+
E eopkhkce_]h ` ai kj opn]pekj kb l nkop]ch]j ` ej o ]j ` pdnki *
^kt ]j ao ej ^qnj a` peooqa+ G Pqnc Oao . 65- 8 / 57. . - *. . 4+
/ 0+
Aai hej c OE) I ]hkj ` a @+ Qkl e_]h e^ql nkbaj ` a_na]oao
a]nhu l kop^qnj a` ai ]+ Pqncanu . 6548 . - / 7524*53. +
/ 1+
Ok^^ EG+ Auj ]i e_o kb pda i e_nk_en_qh]pekj ` qnej c ] ^qi +
> n_d Pqnc . 6348 617443*45- +
/ 2+
I qj ` Q) T eec E) Oaa` OH+ > _qpa l kop^qnj a` ai ]7 nkha kb
opnkj chu j ac]per a ej panopepe]h bhqe` l naooqna+ > i G Mduoekh
. 6558 / 227E . - 36*E . - 41+
/ 3+
Mdehhel o I D+ T kqj ` da]hej c+ Fj 7 Qks j oaj ` @J Gn) a` +
P]^eopkj Qat p^kkg kb Pqncanu+ . 3pd a` + Mdeh]` ahl de]7
T +? + P]qj ` ano) / - - . 7. 0. *. 11+
/ 4+ Dnej j ahh C+ Ce^nkj a_pej ]j ` s kqj ` da]hej c+ G @ahh
? ek_dai . 6518 / 37. - 4*. . 3+
/ 5+
I ]s naj _a T Q+ Mduoekhkcu kb pda ]_qpa s kqj ` + @hej Mh]op
Pqnc . 6658 / 270/ . *01- +
/ 6+
J kj ]_k GI ) I ]s naj _a T Q+ > _qpa s kqj ` da]hej c ]j kr an*
r eas + @hej Mh]op Pqnc / - - 08 0- 7. *. / +
0- +
T agohan ? + Mh]pahapo+ Kas Vkng7 O]r aj Mnaoo) . 655+
0. + T depa GD) Dann]n` GJ + Rhpn]opnq_pqn]h ba]pqnao kb ]^j kni ]h
^hkk` l h]pahapo+ > nar eas + > i G M]pdkh . 6438 507256*30/ +
0/ + Aaqah QC) Paj ekn OJ ) Eq]j c GP) Dnebbej DI + @dai kp]t eo
kb i kj k_upao ]j ` j aqpnkl deho pk l h]pahap*` aner a` cnks pd
b]_pkn+ G @hej Fj r aop . 65/ 8 367. - 13*. - 16+
00+ A]dh^]_g
? +
? hkk`
_k]cqh] pekj +
I ]j _ap
/ - - - 8
0227. 3/ 4*. 30/ +
01+
Ppeanj ^anc G) Oa` ej T O) T ]nj an T P) @]nj au AE+ Qda
nkha kb pdnki ^ej ]j ` pdnki ^ej na_al pkn ]_per ]pej c
l al pe` a %QO> M*2- 5& ej ej epe]pekj kb peooqa nal ]en+
Qdnki ^ E ]ai kop . 6608 4- 7. 25*. 3/ +
02+ Euj ao OL+ Ce^nkj a_pej o+ Pae > i . 6538 / 2171/ *2. +
03+ ? h]ppe PM) Ckopan AK) O]j c]j ]pd]j D) J koao EI ) Dapv J G+
Fj ` q_pekj kb be^nkj a_pej caj a pn]j o_nel pekj ]j ` i OK> eo ]
l nei ]nu naol kj oa pk cnks pd*b]_pkn opei qh]pekj kb > HO*/ ?
_ahho+ Mnk_ K]ph > _]` Pae RP> . 6558 527. . . 6*. . / 0+
04+
Cqg]e C) Pqvqge E) Pqvqge H) Qoqcep] > ) H]p]u]i ] Q+
O]p l h]oi ] be^nkj a_pej _kj p]ej o ps k ` eopej _p _dai kp]_pe_
` ki ]ej o bkn be^nk^h]ope_ _ahho+ G ? ekh @dai . 66. 8
/ 33755- 4*55. 0+
05+ @h]ng O> ) I ]j ec]j GJ ) Aahh]Mahha M) J ]j oa]q B)
Ar kn]g EC) @khr ej O? + Ce^nkj a_pej ]j ` be^nej l nkr e` a ]
l nkr eoekj ]h i ]pnet bkn al e` ani ]h _ahh i ecn]pekj ` qnej c
s kqj ` naal epdahe]hev]pekj + G Fj r aop Aani ]pkh . 65/ 8
467/ 31*/ 36+
06+ T uok_ge > ? ) Dnej j ahh C+ Ce^nkj a_pej l nkbehao ej j kni ]h
]j ` _dnkj e_ s kqj ` bhqe` + I ]^ Fj r aop . 66- 8 3075/ 2*50. +
1- + J ]fj k D) Pda] PJ ) I ar aj pd]h J + Bj ` kpdahe]h _kj pn]_pekj
ej ` q_a` ^u deop]i ej a*pul a i a` e]pkno7 ]j aha_pnkj i e_nk*
o_kl e_ opq` u+ G @ahh ? ekh . 6368 1/ 7314*34/ +
1. + @]npan P? + @ahh i kr ai aj p ]j ` _ahh ol na]` ej c7 ] l ]ooer a kn
]j ]_per a l nk_aoo< K]pqna . 64-8 / / 27525*526+
1/ + Mkophapds ]epa > B) Haoge*Lf] G) ? ]he]j D) H]j c > E+ Fj ` q_*
pekj kb be^nk^h]op _dai kp]t eo ^u be^nkj a_pej + I k_]hev]pekj kb
pda _dai kp]_pe_ nacekj pk ] . 1- )- - - *i kha_qh]n s aecdp j kj *
cah]pej *^ej ` ej c bn]ci aj p+ G Bt l J a` . 65. 8 . 207161*166+
10+ T ]dh PJ ) E qj p A> ) T ]gabeah` I J ) J _@]npj au*
Cn]j _eo K) T ]dh I J ) Ok^anpo > ? ) Pl ki J ? + Qn]j obkni ej c
cnks pd b]_pkn pul a ^ap] ej ` q_ao i kj k_upa _dai kp]t eo ]j `

, (

9d] RcX^] P[ P] S 4 TbcWTcXR ETR^] bcadRcX^] ^U 5 da] TS CPcXT] cb
cnks pd b]_pkn l nk` q_pekj + Mnk_ K]ph > _]` Pae RP> . 6548
5172455*246/ +
11+ Mkdhi ]j QE) Pp]j j aoo H> ) ? a]ppu MD) L_do EA)
E ]nh]j GJ + > j aj ` kpdahe]h _ahh oqnb]_a b]_pkn%o& ej ` q_a`
[` h[fda ^u hel kl khuo]__d]ne` a) ej panhaqgej . ) ]j ` pqi kn
j a_nkoeo b]_pkn*]hl d] ej _na]oao j aqpnkl deh ]` danaj _a
^u ] @As . 5*` al aj ` aj p i a_d]j eoi + G Fi i qj kh . 6538
. 0371215*1220+
12+ Pgh]n I > ) Gao]epeo > G) M]ej pan OD+ Qda j aqpnkl deh
K*bkni uh l al pe` a na_al pkn7 ` uj ]i e_o kb hec]j ` *na_al pkn
ej pan]_pekj o ]j ` pdaen nah]pekj odel pk _ahhqh]n naol kj oao+
@kj pai l Qkl Fi i qj k^ekh . 6518 . 17/ 6*5/ +
13+ J _Fj puna QJ ) Wei i ani ]j D> ) Mnao_kpp PJ + I aqgk*
pneaj ao @1 ]j ` A1 opei qh]pa dqi ]j aj ` kpdahe]h _ahho pk
ouj pdaoeva l h]pahap*]_per ]pej c b]_pkn ]j ` ^ej ` j aqpnkl deho+
Mnk_ K]ph > _]` Pae RP> . 6538 507/ / - 1*/ / - 5+
14+
Euj ao OL+ Fj pacnej o7 ] b]i ehu kb _ahh oqnb]_a na_al pkno+
@ahh . 6548 157216*221+
15+
Pei l okj AJ ) Okoo O+ Qda j aqpnkl dehe_ haqgk_upa ej
s kqj ` nal ]en ] opq` u s epd ]j pej aqpnkl deh oanqi + G @hej
Fj r aop . 64/ 8 2. 7/ - - 6*/ - / 0+
16+
D]ehep G) @h]ng O> + T kqj ` nal ]en ej pda _kj pat p kb at pn] *
_ahhqh]n i ]pnet + @qnn Ll ej @ahh ? ekh . 6618 374. 4*4/ 2+
2- + J ]npej @T ) J qen FC+ Qda nkha kb hui l dk_upao ej s kqj `
da]hej c+ ? n G Mh]op Pqnc . 66- 8 107322*33/ +
2. + Mapanokj GJ ) ? ]n^qh > ) ? naohej OG) T ]ooangnqc EI )
Bbnkj D+ Pecj ebe_]j _a kb Q*hui l dk_upao ej s kqj `
da]hej c+ Pqncanu . 6548 . - / 70- - *0- 2+
2/ + Lj k F+ Okhao kb _upkgej ao ej s kqj ` da]hej c l nk_aooao+
Kel l kj Dag] D]gg]e W]oode . 6668 . - - 72/ / *2/ 5+
20+ Kas i ]j PI ) E aj okj GB) E aj okj MJ + Md]ck_upkoeo kb
oaj ao_aj p j aqpnkl deho ^u dqi ]j i kj k_upa*` aner a` i ] _nk*
l d]cao ]j ` n]^^ep ej bh] i i ]pknu i ]_nkl d]cao+ G Bt l J a`
. 65/ 8 . 23710- *11/ +
21+ T necdp PA) O]i ko O> ) Qk^e] o MP) Rhar ep_d OG)
J ]pdeokj G@+ @A . 1) ] na_al pkn bkn _ki l hat ao kb hel k*
l khuo]__d]ne` a %I MP& ]j ` I MP ^ej ` ej c l nkpaej + P_eaj _a
. 66- 8 / 167. 10. *. 100+
22+ T an^ W) ? ]j ` ] J G) Gkj ao M> + Aacn]` ]pekj kb _kj *
j a_per a peooqa i ]pne_ao ^u i ]_nkl d]cao+ F+ Mnkpakhuoeo
kb ah]opej ) chu_kl nkpaej o) ]j ` _khh]caj ^u l nkpaej ]oao
eokh]pa`
bnki
i ] _nkl d]cao+
G
Bt l
J a`
. 65- 8
. 2/ 7. 01- *. 024+
23+ T ]dh I J ) T ej pan @@+ Oacqh]pekj kb cqej a] l ec i ]_nk*
l d]ca _khh]caj ]oa l nk` q_pekj ^u ` at ]i apd]okj a ]j `
_kh_de_ej a+ > n_d ? ek_dai ? ekl duo . 6518 / 0- 733. *334+
24+ M]ngan @+ Cqj ` ]i aj p]h ei i qj khkcu+ Fj 7 M]qh T ) a`+
J a` e]pkno7 Oaha]oa ]j ` Cqj _pekj + Kas Vkng7 O]r aj
Mnaoo) . 6517364*414+
25+ I ae^kr e_d PG) Okoo O+ Qda nkha kb pda i ]_nkl d]ca ej
s kqj ` nal ]en+ > opq` u s epd du` nk_knpeokj a ]j ` ] j pei ]*
_nkl d]ca oanqi + > i G M]pdkh . 6428 4574. *. - - +
26+ J ]h]s eop] PB) J kj pcki anu OO) r ]j ? h]ne_ki D+
Br e` aj _a bkn na]_per a j epnkcaj ej pani a` e]pao ej gehhej c kb
op]l duhk_k__e ^u dqi ]j j aqpnkl deh _upkl h]opo+ > j as
i e_nk^e_e` ]h l ]pds ]u bkn l khui knl dkj q_ha]n haqgk_upao+
G @hej Fj r aop . 66/ 8 6- 730. *303+
3- + J ]` ` aj GT ) Ma]_k_g BB Gn+ Ppq` eao kj pda ^ekhkcu kb _kh*
h]caj ` qnej c s kqj ` da]hej c+ F+ O]pa kb _khh]caj ouj pdaoeo
]j ` ` al koepekj ej _qp]j akqo s kqj ` o kb pda n]p+ Pqncanu
. 6358 317/ 55*/ 61+
3. +
@en_khk > ) T ahcqo ED) Mean_a DC) Hn]i an G) Ppnqj g O@+
Aebbanaj pe]h nacqh]pekj kb pda at l naooekj kb l nkpaej ] oao,
]j pel nkpaej ]oao ej be^nk^h]opo+ Bbba_po kb ej panhaqgej *.
]j ` l h]pahap*` aner a` cnks pd b]_pkn+ G ? ekh @dai . 66. 8
/ 337. / / 50*. / / 55+
3/ +
Keahokj BD) Mdehhel o PJ ) Gei aj av P+ I ui l dkgej a i k` q*
h]pekj kb be^nk^h]op l nkheban]pekj + G Fi i qj kh . 65/ 8
. / 57. 151*. 153+
30+
P_dnae^an > ? ) T ej ghan J B) Aanuj _g O+ Qn]j obkni ej c
cnks pd
b]_pkn*]hl d]7
]
i kna
l kpaj p
]j cekcaj e_
i a` e]pkn pd]j al e` ani ]h cnks pd b]_pkn+ P_eaj _a . 6538
/ 0/ 7. / 2- *. / 20+
31+
J ej _daj gk > ) P]h_a` ] P) ? ]qan Q) @]nk G+ E ul kt e] nacq*
h]pknu ahai aj po kb pda dqi ]j r ]o_qh]n aj ` kpdahe]h cnks pd
b]_pkn caj a+ @ahh J kh ? ekh Oao . 6618 1- 702*06+
32+
Akna*Aqbbu M) Mannu T ) Hqk EE+ Fj panbankj *i a` e]pa`
ej de^epekj kb l nkop]ch]j ` ej ouj pdaoeo ej dqi ]j i kj k*
j q_ha]n haqgk_upao+ @ahh Fi i qj kh . 6508 467/ 0/ */ 06+
33+
M]pah ? )
Hd]hem > ) G]nr eo*Br ]j o G) J _I ak` A)
J ]_gj aoo J ) ? kqhpkj J + L t ucaj nacqh]pekj kb QDC*
^ap] .
i OK> ej dqi ]j dal ] pki ] %Eal D/ & _ahho+
? ek_dai J kh ? ekh Fj p . 6618 017306*311+
34+
P_]j j ahh D) T ]t i ]j H) H]i e DG) Fkhe D) D]p]j ]c] Q)
V]i ]i kpk O) Dn]j can D> + E ul kt e] ej ` q_ao ] dqi ]j
i ]_nkl d]ca _ahh hej a pk naha]oa pqi kn j a_nkoeo b]_pkn*
]hl d] ]j ` epo okhq^ha na_al pkno [` h[fda' G Pqnc Oao . 6608
217/ 5. */ 52+
35+
Okoo O+ Mh]pahap*` aner a` cnks pd b]_pkn+ > j j q Oar J a`
. 6548 0574. *46+
36+
Pal l ] E) Dnkpaj ` knop D) Pal l ] P) P_debbi ]j j B)
J ]npej DO+ Mh]pahap*` aner a` cnks pd b]_pkn ej _dai kp]_pe_
bkn be^nk^h]opo+ G @ahh ? ekh . 65/ 8 6/ 7251*255+
4- +
T ]dh PJ ) E qj p A> ) T kj c EI ) Akqcdanpu P) J _@]npj au*
Cn]j _eo K) T ]dh I J ) Bhhej cos knpd I ) P_di e` p G> ) E ]hh D)
Ok^anpo > ? ap ]h+ Qn]j obkni ej c cnks pd b]_pkn*^ap]
eo ] l kpaj p ei i qj koql l naooer a ]caj p pd]p ej de^epo FI *
. *` al aj ` aj p hui l dk_upa l nkheban]pekj + G Fi i qj kh . 6558
. 1- 70- / 3*0- 0/ +
4. + P_d]bban J O) Q]j pnu R) Dnkoo PP) T ]ooan^qnc EI )
? ]n^qh >+ Kepne_ kt e` a nacqh]pao s kqj ` da]hej c+ G Pqnc
Oao . 6638 307/ 04*/ 1- +
4/ + Gei aj av P> ) Cnaqj ` he_d ? ) Okoaj ^hkki G+ Paha_per a ej de*
^epekj kb dqi ]j ` el hke` be^nk^h]op _khh]caj ouj pdaoeo ^u
ej panbankj o+ G @hej Fj r aop . 6518 417. . . / *. . . 3+
40+ ? ]_d s e_d MO) @daj oqa PT ) I ]nne_g GT ) Hqj gah PI +
Qqi kn j a_nkoeo b]_pkn opei qh]pao ej panhaqgej *. ]j ` l nkop]*
ch]j ` ej B/ l nk` q_pekj ej naopej c i ]_nkl d]cao+ ? ek_dai
? ekl duo Oao @ki i qj . 6538 . 03761*. - . +
41+ Dnkpaj ` knop DO) Maj _ar A) J ]npej DO ap ]h+ J kha_qh]n
i a` e]pkno kb peooqa nal ]en+ Kas Vkng7 Mn]acan) . 651+
42+ Dkol k` ]nks e_v A) Kaqbah` D) P_ds aecanan I + Ce^nk^h]op
cnks pd b]_pkn7 opnq_pqn]h ]j ` ^ekhkce_]h l nkl anpeao+ G @ahh
Mduoekh Pql l h . 6548 %oql l h 2&7 . 2*/ 3+
43+ Dkol k` ]nks e_v A) > ^n]d]i G> ) P_dehhej c G+ Fokh]pekj ]j `
_d]n]_panev]pekj kb ] r ]o_qh]n aj ` kpdahe]h _ahh i epkcaj
l nk` q_a` ^u l epqep]nu*` aner a` bkhhe_qhk opahh]pa _ahho+
Mnk_ K]ph > _]` Pae RP> . 6568 53740. . *40. 2+

J ^d] S ; TP[X] V

, )
44+
Pdej c V) Ckhgi ]j G) Pqhher ]j O) ? qppanbeah` @) J qnn]u G)
Hh]co^nqj J + E al ]nej ]bbej epu7 l qnebe_]pekj kb ] pqi kn*
` aner a` _]l ehh]nu aj ` kpdahe]h _ahh cnks pd b]_pkn+ P_eaj _a
. 6518 / / 07. / 63*. / 66+
45+ Mkophapds ]epa > B) Haoge*L f] G) J koao EI ) H]j c > E+
Ppei qh] pekj kb pda _dai kp] _pe_ i ecn]pekj kb dqi ]j be^nk*
^h] opo ^u pn]j obkni ej c cnks pd b]_pkn ^ap]+ G Bt l J a`
. 6548 . 327/ 2. */ 23+
46+ T aopani ]ng ? ) ? hki mqeop B+ Ppei qh] pekj kb be^nk^h]op
i ecn]pekj ^u al e` ani ]h cnks pd b]_pkn+ @ahh ? ekh Fj p Oal
. 65- 8 17316*321+
5- +
Pej can FF) P_kpp P) H]s g] AT ) H]v]veo AJ ) D]ehep G)
Oqkoh]dpe B+ @ahh oqnb]_a ` eopne^qpekj kb be^nkj a_pej ]j `
r epnkj a_pej na_al pkno ` al aj ` o kj oq^opn]pa _ki l koepekj
]j ` at pn]_ahhqh]n i ]pnet ]__qi qh]pekj + G @ahh ? ekh . 6558
. - 37/ . 4. */ . 5/ +
5. +
E uj ao OL+ Fj pacnej o7 r ano]pehepu) i k` qh]pekj ) ]j ` oecj ]h*
ej c ej _ahh ]` daoekj + @ahh . 66/ 8 367. . */ 2+
5/ +
> dhaj H) Oq^ej H+ Mh]pahap*` aner a` cnks pd b]_pkn*? ?
opei qh]pao ouj pdaoeo kb pda ej pacnej ]hl d] / *oq^qj ep
ej dqi ]j ` el hke` be^nk^h]opo+ Bt l @ahh Oao . 6618
/ . 27014*020+
50+ D]ehep G) Uq G) ? qahhan E) @h]ng O> + Mh]pahap*` aner a`
cnks pd b]_pkn ]j ` ej bh]i i ]pknu _upkgej ao d]r a ` ebbanaj *
pe] h abba_po kj pda at l naooekj kb ej pacnej o ]hl d] . ^ap] .
]j ` ]hl d] 2 ^ap] . ^u dqi ]j ` ani ]h be^nk^h]opo [` h[fda'
G @ahh Mduoekh . 6638 . 367/ 5. */ 56+
51+
M]ngo T @+ J ]pnet i ap]hhkl nkpaej ]oao ej nal ]en+ T kqj `
Oal ]en Oacaj . 6668 471/ 0*10/ +
52+ Oaa` J G) Mqkh]gg]ej aj M) I ]j a QC) Ae_ganokj A)
? ki opaej M) P]ca BE+ Aebbanaj pe]h at l naooekj kb
PM> O@ ]j ` pdnki ^kol kj ` ej . ej s kqj ` nal ]en7 ei i qj k*
hk_]hev]pekj ]j ` [` e[fg du^ne` ev]pekj + G E eopk_dai
@upk_dai . 6608 1. 7. 134*. 144+
53+
T an^ W) Qnai ^ha M) A]i ogu @E+ Oacqh]pekj kb at pn]*
_ahhqh]n i ]pnet ` acn]` ]pekj ^u _ahh*at pn]_ahhqh]n i ]pnet
ej pan]_pekj o+ @ahh Aebban Aar . 66- 8 0/ 7/ 66*0- 3+
54+
E ]ooahh GO) Hei qn] GE) E ]o_]hh S @+ Mnkpakchu_]j _kna
l nkpaej b]i eheao+ > j j q Oar ? ek_dai . 6538 227206*234+
55+ D]^^e]j e D) Ou]j D? ) J ]fj a D+ Mnaoaj _a kb i k` ebea`
be^nk^h]opo ej cn]j qh]pekj peooqa ]j ` pdaen l kooe^ha nkha ej
s kqj ` _kj pn]_pekj + Bt l aneaj pe] . 64. 8 / 47216*22- +
56+ Bdnhe_d EM+ T kqj ` _hkoqna7 ar e` aj _a kb _kkl an]pekj
^aps aaj be^nk^h]opo ]j ` _khh]caj i ]pnet + Bua . 6558
/ %Mp / &7 . 16*. 24+
6- + ? ahhks o @D) J ah_dan > E) > q^ej GB+ > ook_e]pekj ^aps aaj
paj oekj ]j ` kneaj p]pekj kb l anek` kj p]h hec]i aj p be^nk^h]opo
]j ` at kcaj kqo _khh]caj be^nao ej _khh]caj caho [` h[fda'
G @ahh P_e . 65/ 8 257. / 2*. 05+
6. + ? qhh]n` HJ ) Puhr aopan H) V]j c B) Pdal l ]n` A) E anhuj J )
> ` ve_g K+ Bl epdahe]h ej pacnej at l naooekj eo n]l e` hu
ql nacqh]pa` ej dqi ]j bap] h s kqj ` nal ]en+ Pqnc Oao
. 6668 5170. *01+
6/ + Dd]n]aa*Hani ]j e J ) Md]j PE+ Okha kb _upkgej ao ]j `
_upkgej a pdan]l u ej s kqj ` da]hej c ]j ` be^nkpe_ ` eoa]oao+
@qnn Md]ni Aao / - - . 8 47. - 50*. . - 0+
60+ Dn]j opaej OA) J qnl du DC) J ]nckheo OG) ? unj a J E)
> i aj pk BM+ D]i i ]*ej panbankj ej de^epo _khh]caj ouj pdaoeo
[` h[ha ej pda i kqoa+ G @hej Fj r aop . 6548 467. / 21*. / 25+
61+
? q_g J ) E kqchqi H) @dkfgean J + Qqi kn j a_nkoeo b]_pkn*
]hl d] ej de^epo _khh]caj ]hl d] . %. & caj a at l naooekj ]j `
s kqj ` da]hej c ej ] i qnej a i k` ah kb _]_dat e]+ > i G
M]pdkh . 6638 . 167. 62*/ - 1+
62+
? nas H) Aej ]g]nl ]j ` e]j A) K]c]oa E+ Qeooqa ej de^epkno
kb i ap]hhkl nkpaej ]oao7 ar khqpekj ) opnq_pqna ]j ` bqj _pekj +
? ek_dei ? ekl duo > _p] / - - - 8 . 1447/ 34*/ 50+
63+
C]dau QG FFF) P]` ]pu > ) Gkj ao T DFF) ? ]n^an > ) Pi khhan ? )
Pdenao DQ+ Ae]^apao ei l ]eno pda h]pa ej bh]i i ]pknu
naol kj oa pk s kqj ` da]hej c+ G Pqnc Oao . 66. 8 2- 70- 5*0. 0+
64+
? qhh]n` HJ ) I qj ` I ) J q` capp GP) J ahhej QK) E qj p QH)
J qnl du ? ) Okj ]j G) T an^ W) ? ]j ` ] J G+ Fi l ]ena`
s kqj ` _kj pn]_pekj ej opnki ahuoej *. *` abe_eaj p i e_a+ > j j
Pqnc . 6668 / 0- 7/ 3- */ 32+
65+
Ok^okj J @) Eaccano G+ Be_ko]j ke` o) _upkgej ao ]j ` bnaa
n]` e_]ho+ Fj 7 Aeacahi ] j j O) I ej ` ^h]` T ) a` o+ T kqj `
Ea]hej c7 ? ek_dai e_]h ]j ` @hej e_]h > ol a_po+ Mdeh]` ahl de]7
T +? + P]qj ` ano @ki l ]j u) . 66/ 7/ 6/ *0- 1+
66+
Eqj p QH) Wa` anbah` p ? ) Dkh` ope_g QH+ L t ucaj ]j `
da]hej c+ > i G Pqnc . 6368 . . 572/ . *2/ 2+
. --+
Pp]` ahi ]j j T H) Aecaj eo > D) Qk^ej DO+ Fi l a` ei aj po pk
s kqj ` da]hej c+ > i G Pqnc . 6658 . 43706P*14P+
. -. +
Ue] VM) Wd]k V) Qunkj a GT ) @daj > ) J qopka Q> + Aebban*
aj pe]h ]_per ]pekj kb i ecn]pekj ^u dul kt e] ej gan]pej k_upao
eokh]pa` bnki ` kj kno kb ej _na]oej c ]ca7 ei l he_]pekj bkn
_dnkj e_ s kqj ` o ej pda ah` anhu+ G Fj r aop Aani ]pkh / - - . 8
. . 372- *23+
. -/ +
Hj ecdpkj AO) E qj p QH) P_daqaj opqdh E) E ]hhe` ]u ? G)
T an^ W) ? ]j ` ] J G+ L t ucaj paj oekj nacqh]pao pda
at l naooekj kb ]j cekcaj aoeo b]_pkn ^u i ]_nkl d]cao+
P_eaj _a . 6508 / / . 7. / 50*. / 52+
. -0+
Gqngeas e_v J G) D]nnapp I M+ Ppq` eao kj pda ej bhqaj _a kb
]j ai e] kj s kqj ` da]hej c+ > i Pqnc . 6318 0- 7/ 0*/ 2+
. -1+
J ]_kj T I ) Mkneao T G+ Qda abba_p kb enkj ` abe_eaj _u
]j ai e] kj s kqj ` da]hej c+ Pqncanu . 64. 8 36746/ *463+
. -2+
? ]ej o GT ) @n]s bkn` AQ) Hap_d]i > P+ Bbba_p kb _dnkj e_
]j ai e] kj s kqj ` paj oeha opnaj cpd7 _knnah]pekj s epd
^hkk` r khqi a) pkp] h na` ^hkk` _ahh r khqi a ]j ` l nkpaej o+
> j j Pqnc . 6338 . 317/ 10*/ 13+
. -3+
@dr ]l eh J ) Hkkl i ]j j @C Gn+ > ca ]j ` kpdan b]_pkno nacq*
h]pej c s kqj ` da]hej c+ L pkh]nuj ckh @hej Kknpd > i . 65/ 8
. 27/ 26*/ 4- +
. -4+
A]j kj A) Hks ]p_d J > ) Okpd DP+ Mnki kpekj kb s kqj `
nal ]en ej kh` i e_a ^u hk_]h ej fa_pekj kb i ]_nkl d]cao+
Mnk_ K]ph > _]` P_e RP> . 6568 537/ - . 5*/ - / - +
. -5+
Pdei ki qn] E) Pl enk OD+ Ppq` eao kj i ]_nki kha_qh]n
_ki l kj aj po kb dqi ]j chki anqh]n ^]oai aj p i ai ^n]j a
]j ` ]hpan]pekj o ej ` e]^apao+ Aa_na]oa` har aho kb dal ]n]j
oqhb]pa l nkpakchu_]j
]j ` h]i ej ej +
Ae] ^apao
. 6548
037041*05. +
. -6+
Dkk` okj T E FFF) Eqj p QH+ T kqj ` da]hej c ]j ` pda
` e]^ape_ l ]peaj p+ Pqnc Duj a_kh L^opap . 6468 . 1673- - *3- 5+
. . -+
H]i ]h H) Mks ahh OG) Pqi l ek ? B+ Qda l ]pdk^ekhkcu kb
` e]^apao i ahhepqo7 ei l he_]pekj o bkn oqncakj o+ G > i @khh
Pqnc . 6638 . 507/ 4. */ 56+
. . . +
Dnaaj a A> ) I ]ppei an P> ) Pei ] > > + Pkn^epkh) l dkol dk*
ej koepe` ao) ]j ` ok` eqi *l kp]ooeqi *> QM]oa ej pda l ]pdk*
caj aoeo kb ` e]^ape_ _ki l he_]pekj o+ K Bj ch G J a` . 6548
0. 37266*3- 3+

, *

9d] RcX^] P[ P] S 4 TbcWTcXR ETR^] bcadRcX^] ^U 5 da] TS CPcXT] cb
. / 2+
J auan K> ) ? ]nnks OB) E anj ` kj AK+ @ki ^ej a` ej oqhej *
hega cnks pd b] _pkn*. ]j ` cnks pd dkni kj a ei l nkr ao s aecdp
hkoo ]j ` s kqj ` da]hej c ej ^qnj a` n]po+ G Qn]qi ] . 6638
1. 7. - - 5*. - . / +
. / 3+
Meanna BG) Manav*Mkhk GO) J ep_dahh > Q) J ]pej P) Ckup EI )
Eanj ` kj AK+ Fj oqhej *hega cnks pd b]_pkn*F hel koki ]h caj a
pn]j oban ]j ` ouopai e_ cnks pd dkni kj a opei qh] pa s kqj `
da]hej c+ G ? qnj @]na Oad]^eh . 6648 . 57/ 54*/ 6. +
. / 4+
Aai l oau AQ) J qhhaj GI ) ? qv^u DM+ Qda hej g ^aps aaj
j qpnepekj ]h op]pqo ]j ` _hej e_]h kqp_ki a7 _]j j qpnepekj ]h ej pan*
r aj pekj i k` ebu ep< > i G @hej Kqpn . 6558 14702/ *023+
. / 5+ Gao_dga J D) E anj ` kj AK) B^aj an @) ? ]nnks OB)
G] q_d HT + Kqpnepekj ]h ej panr aj pekj decd ej r ep]i ej o)
l nkpaej ) ]i ej k ]_e` o) ]j ` ki ac]0 b]ppu ]_e` o ei l nkr ao
l nkpaej i ap]^kheoi ` qnej c pda dul ani ap]^khe_ op]pa ]bpan
pdani ]h ej fqnu+ > n_d Pqnc / - - . 8 . 037. 0- . *. 0- 3+
. / 6+
? qnj o GI ) J ]j _khh GP) Mdehhel o I D+ Fi l ]eni aj po pk s kqj `
da]hej c+ @hej Mh]op Pqnc / - - 08 0- 714*23+
. 0-+
Bdnhe_d EM) E qj p QH+ Bbba_po kb _knpeokj a ]j ` r ep]i ej >
kj s kqj ` da]hej c+ > j j Pqnc . 6358 . 3470/ 1*0/ 5+
. 0. +
Eqj p QH+ Aeokn` ano kb s kqj ` da]hej c+ T knh` G Pqnc . 65- 8
17/ 4. */ 44+
. 0/ + E]u]ode H) Cn]j cead D) T khb D) Haj ukj HO+ Bt l naooekj
kb pn]j obkni ej c cnks pd b]_pkn*^ap] ej s kqj ` da]hej c kb
r ep]i ej > *` abe_eaj p n]p _knj a]o+ Fj r aop L l dpd]hi kh S eo
Pae . 6568 0- 7/ 06*/ 14+
. 00+
Cnaei ]j J ) Paebpan B) @kj j anpkj @) I ar aj okj PJ +
S ep]i ej > ` abe_eaj _u ]j ` oqnce_]h opnaoo+ Pqnc Cknqi
. 64-8 / . 75. *5/ +
. 01+
Okoo > @+ S ep]i ej > ]j ` l nkpa_per a ei i qj epu+ Kqpn Qk` ]u
. 66/ 8 / 47. 5+
. 02+
Eqj p > + Qda nkha kb r ep]i ej @ ej s kqj ` da]hej c+ ? n G Pqnc
. 61- 8 / 57103+
. 03+
Mn]o]` > P) L ^anha]o A+ @d]j cao ej ]_per epeao kb vej _*
` al aj ` aj p aj vui ao ej vej _*` abe_eaj p peooqao kb n]po+
G > l l h Mduoekh . 64. 8 0. 751/ *513+
. 04+
T aj g G) Ckepveg > ) > _dpan^anc S ) P]^es ]hogu >)
Aeooai kj ` G) J aas ao @) Oaepv > ) ? naj j aeoaj M)
T h]o_dag J ) J auan*Fj ckh` T ) P_d]nbbappan*Hk_d]j ag H+
Paha_per a l e_g*ql kb ej _na]oa` enkj ^u ` abankt ]i ej a*
_kql ha` _ahhqhkoa ]^nkc]pao pda enkj *` ner aj ej ` q_pekj
kb i ]pnet *` acn]` ej c i ap]hhkl nkpaej ]oa . ]j ` hel e` l ankt e*
` ]pekj ej dqi ]j ` ani ]h be^nk^h]opo [` h[fda7] j as ` naooej c
_kj _al p+ G Fj r aop Aani ]pkh / - - . 8 . . 37500*506+
. 05+
Bdnhe_d EM) Eqj p QH+ Qda abba_po kb _knpeokj a ]j ` ]j ]*
^khe_ opanke` o kj pda paj oeha opnaj cpd kb da]hej c s kqj ` o+
> j j Pqnc . 6368 . 4- 7/ - 0*/ - 3+
. 06+
Oehau DM) @kt J ) E]nn]hh OI ) @hai aj po P) E ]vhai ]j ? I +
Fj de^epekj kb paj ` kj _ahh l nkheban]pekj ]j ` i ]pnet chu_ko]*
i ej kchu_]j ouj pdaoeo ^u j kj *opanke` ]h ]j pe*ej bh]i i ]pknu
` nqco [` h[fda' G E ]j ` Pqnc %? n& / - - . 8 / 37/ / 1*/ / 5+
. 1-+
I ]v]nqo DP) @kkl an AJ ) Hj ecdpkj AO) J ]nckheo AG)
Ma_kn]nk OB) Ok` ada]r an D) Ok^okj J @+ Aabej epekj o
]j ` cqe` ahej ao bkn ]ooaooi aj p kb s kqj ` o ]j ` ar ]hq]pekj
kb da]hej c+ > n_d Aani ]pkh . 6618 . 0- 7156*160+
. 1. +
Cq U) Pdaj W) @daj V) Uea G) Dqk W) Wd]j c J )
Pdaj c W+ O]j ` ki eoa` l h]_a^k*_kj pnkhha` pne]h kb qoa kb
pkl e_]h na_ki ^ej ]j p ^kr ej a ^]oe_ be^nk^h]op cnks pd b]_pkn
bkn oa_kj ` *` acnaa ^qi o+ I ]j _ap . 6658 02/ 7. 33. *. 331+
. . / +
T ej acn]` > F+ ? ]j pej c ha_pqna . 653+ Akao ] _ki i kj
i a_d]j eoi ej ` q_a pda ` er anoa _ki l he_]pekj o kb ` e] ^apao<
Ae]^apao . 6548 037063*1- 3+
. . 0+
Qaob]i ]ne]i ? + Okha kb okn^epkh ]j ` i ukej koepkh ej pda
aj ` kpdahe]h _ahho ` uobqj _pekj _]qoa` ^u ahar ]pa` chq_koa+
Fj 7 Ca` Mnk_8 . 66- 7> 534+
. . 1+
I aa QP) P]hpoi ]j H> ) Ld]ode E) Hej c DI + > _per ]pekj kb
l nkpaej gej ]oa @ ^u ahar ]pekj kb chq_koa _kj _aj pn]pekj 7
l nkl ko]h bkn ] i a_d] j eoi ej pda ` ar ahkl i aj p kb ` e]^ape_
r ]o_qh]n _ki l he_]pekj o+ Mnk_ K]ph > _]` P_e RP> . 6568
5372. 1. *2. 12+
. . 2+
? nks j haa J ) @an]i e > ) S h]oo]n] E+ > ` r ]j _a` chu_k*
ouh] pekj aj ` l nk` q_po ej peooqa ]j ` pda ^ek_dai e_]h ^]oeo
kb ` e]^ape_ _ki l he_]pekj o+ K Bj ch G J a`
. 6558
0. 57. 0. 2*. 0/ . +
. . 3+
V]j PA) P_di e` p > J ) > j ` anokj DJ ) Wd]j c G) ? napp G)
Wkq VP) Mej ogu A) Ppanj A+ Bj d]j _a` _ahhqh]n kt e` ]j p
opnaoo ^u pda ej pan]_pekj kb ]` r ]j _a` chu_]pekj aj ` l nk*
` q_po s epd pdaen na_al pkno,^ej ` ej c l nkpaej o+ G ? ekh @dai
. 6618 / 3676556*6564+
. . 4+
Henopaej J ) ? napp G) O]` kbb P) L c]s ] P) Ppai A)
S h]oo]n] E+ > ` r ]j _a` l nkpaej chu_kouh]pekj ej ` q_ao
pn]j oaj ` kpdahe]h
dqi ]j
i kj k_upa
_dai kp]t eo
]j `
oa_napekj kb l h] pahap*` aner a` cnks pd b]_pkn7 nkha ej r ]o_q*
h]n ` eoa]oa kb ` e] ^apao ]j ` ]cej c+ Mnk_ K]ph > _]` P_e RP>
. 66- 8 5476- . - *6- . 1+
. . 5+
S h]oo]n] E) ? nks j haa J ) J ]j kcqa HO) Aej ]nahhk @> )
M]o]ce]j >+ @] _da_pej ,QKC ]j ` FI *. ej ` q_a` ^u
chq_koa*i k` ebea` l nkpaej o7 nkha ej j kni ]h peooqa nai k` ah*
ej c+ P_eaj _a . 6558 / 1- 7. 213*. 215+
. . 6+
I q^a_ D) Mkhe]g >+ Oa` q_a` oqo_al pe^ehepu kb j kj aj vu*
i ]pe_]hhu chq_kouh]pa` chki anqh]n ^]oai aj p i ai ^n]j a
pk l nkpa]oao7 eo pde_gaj ej c kb ` e] ^ape_ chki anqh]n ^]oa*
i aj p i ai ^n]j ao ` qa pk na` q_a` l nkpakhupe_ ` acn]` ]pekj <
Oaj Mduoekh . 65- 8 071*5+
. / - + E]i i ao EM)
J ]npej
P)
Ca` anhej H)
Daeoaj
H)
? nks j haa J + > i ej kcq]j e` ej a pna] pi aj p ej de^epo pda
` ar ahkl i aj p kb at l anei aj p]h ` e]^ape_ napej kl ]pdu+ Mnk_
K]ph > _]` P_e RP> . 66. 8 557. . 222*. . 225+
. / . +
Pkqheo*I el ]nkp] Q) @kkl an J ) M]l ]vkchkq A) @h]nga ? )
Ganqi o D+ Oap]n` ]pekj ^u ]i ej kcq]j e` ej a kb ` ar ahkl i aj p
kb ]h^qi ej qne]) i ao]j ce]h at l ]j oekj ) ]j ` peooqa bhqk*
nao_aj _a ej opnal pkvk_ej *ej ` q_a` ` e] ^ape_ n]p+ Ae]^apao
. 66. 81- 7. 0/ 5*. 001+
. / / +
? nks j AI ) H]j a @A) @dai ]qoag PA) Dnaaj d]hcd AD+
Aebbanaj pe]h
at l naooekj ]j ` hk_]hev]pekj kb ej oqhej *
hega cnks pd b]_pkno F ]j ` FF ej _qp]j akqo s kqj ` o kb
` e]^ape_ ]j ` j kj ` e]^ape_ i e_a+ > i G M]pdkh . 6648
. 2. 74. 2*4/ 1+
. / 0+ Cn]j g
P)
E q^j an
D)
? naean
D)
I kj c]gan
J Q)
Dnaaj d]hcd AD) T anj an P+ Oacqh]pekj kb r ]o_qh]n aj ` k*
pdahe]h cnks pd b]_pkn at l naooekj ej _qhpqna` gan]pej k_upao+
Fi l he_]pekj o bkn j kni ]h ]j ` ei l ]ena` s kqj ` da]hej c+
G ? ekh @dai . 6628 / 4- 7. / 3- 4*. / 3. 0+
. / 1+
T anj an P) ? naa` aj J ) E q^j an D) Dnaaj d]hcd AD)
I kj c]gan J Q+ Fj ` q_pekj kb gan]pej k_upa cnks pd b]_pkn
at l naooekj eo na` q_a` ]j ` ` ah]ua` ` qnej c s kqj ` da]hej c
ej pda caj ape_]hhu ` e]^ape_ i kqoa+ G Fj r aop Aani ]pkh
. 6618 . - 07136*140+

+
CaX] RX_[Tb X] @P] PVT\ T] c ^U 4 RdcT 5 da] b
FG8 I 8 A 8& J B?9$ 7 4 I <7 A& ; 8 EA7 BA
5 C?J; FG?HM D< 4; L7G . ; : ?97A %F7C9> 7C: 3>F?C; FG %I FC +DGE?H7A! * 7AJ; GHDC! 4; L7G! 5 3$
<&
J knp]hepu ` qa pk i ]fkn ^qi d]o ei l nkr a` ) ok i q_d ok pd]p
i kop ukqj c l ]peaj po s dk ]na ^qnj a` s epdkqp oecj ebe_]j p
_ki kn^e` epeao odkqh` ^a at l a_pa` pk oqnr er a) nac]n` haoo
kb ^qi oar anepu %. &+ Qdaoa ei l nkr ai aj po s ana l nk^]^hu
` qa pk l nar aj pekj opn]paceao naoqhpej c ej bas an ^qnj o kb
haooan oar anepu) ]o s ahh ]o oecj ebe_]j p l nkcnaoo ej pna]pi aj p
pa_dj emqao+ Mnk^]^hu pda i kop oecj ebe_]j p ]` r ]j _a ej
l ]peaj p _]na s ]o pda ej opepqpekj kb at _eoekj ]j ` cn]bpej c
pk nai kr a pda ej bh]i i ]pknu j e` qo kb ao_d]n ]j ` pk ]__ah*
an]pa na_kr anu+
An+ @kl a ]j ` kpdano benop aol kqoa` a]nhu at _eoekj ]j `
cn]bpej c bkn pna]pi aj p kb pda ]_qpahu ^qnj a` ej pda . 61- o
%/ &) ej epe]hhu ]o ] i a]j o kb ]__ahan]pej c pei a pk da]hej c
%0&+ Lbpaj pei ao) pdeo namqena` ]l l he_]pekj kb ] pai l kn]nu
^ekhkce_]h ` naooej c oq_d ]o _]` ]r ane_ ogej %1&+ Qdaoa
ej epe]h abbknpo ha` pk pda l n]_pe_a bkhhks a` ^u i kop ^qi
_aj pano) s de_d eo pk at _eoa pda i ]fknepu kb pda s kqj `
s epdej pda benop s aag ]bpan ej fqnu+ @kr an]ca kb pda s kqj `
]bpan at _eoekj eo s epd ] i et pqna kb ]r ]eh]^ha ]qpkcn]bp
] j ` ,kn _]` ]r an ogej kn ] ouj pdape_ ogej oq^opepqpa+ Qdeo
_d]l pan eo ` ar kpa` pk pda ` ao_nel pekj kb pa_dj emqao kb
s kqj ` _hkoqna s epd _kj oe` an]pekj o bkn oqnr er ]h benop) bkh*
hks a` ^u bqj _pekj ) ]j ` h]op) _koi aoeo+ L b _kqnoa) oqnr er ]h)
bqj _pekj ) ]j ` _koi aoeo ]hh aj pan ej pk ` a_eoekj o nac]n` ej c
pda _dke_a kb s kqj ` _hkoqna) na_kcj evej c pd]p pda ]l l a]n*
]j _a kb pda o_]n ej oqnr er kno s ehh ^a l naoaj p bkn pda naop kb
deo kn dan heba+ Hj ks ha` ca kb pda abba_po) ]l l a]n]j _a) ]j `
bqj _pekj ]hepu kb ` ebbanaj p s kqj ` _hkoqna pa_dj emqao eo pdaj
l ]n]i kqj p bkn pda oqncakj +
<<&
5 HEA @BEG4 ? Lr an kj a i ehhekj l akl ha oqbban bnki ^qnj ej fqneao ej pda
Rj epa` Pp]pao a]_d ua]n) i kop kb s de_d ]na i ej kn ]j `
pna]pa` ej pda kqpl ]peaj p s ]n` + > hi kop ]hh kb pdaoa l akl ha
, +
F+
Fj pnk` q_pekj
10
S+
Pl a_e]h > na]o
2/
FF+
? qnj J knp]hepu
10
S F+
Aani ]h Bmqer ]haj po ej Mnei ]nu @hkoqna
21
FFF+
Oaoqo_ep]pekj ]j ` Fj epe]h > ooaooi aj p
11
>+
Fj pacn]
21
> +
Fj epe]h T kqj ` @]na
11
? +
> hhk` ani
22
? +
Oaoqo_ep]pekj
12
S FF+
J ap]^kheoi ]j ` T kqj ` Ea]hej c > ` fqj _po
22
@+
Bo_d]nkpki eao
, -
bY & @qhpqna` Bl epdahe]h > qpkcn]bpo
-.
A+
Fj epe]h T kqj ` > ooaooi aj p
14
FU
@kj _hqoekj o
23
B+
? qi Peva
15
ï n
[[
Oabanaj _ao
24
FS +
Fj epe]h T kqj ` J ]j ]cai aj p ]j `
Ll an]per a Mh]j j ej c
15

, ,

9d] RcX^] P[ P] S 4 TbcWTcXR ETR^] bcadRcX^] ^U 5 da] TS CPcXT] cb
]na pna]pa` ]o kqpl ]peaj po) ]j ` ` k j kp namqena kl an]per a
pna]pi aj p+ Eks ar an) x 3- )- - - ^qi o l an ua]n ]na i kna
oar ana ]j ` namqena dkol ep]hev]pekj ) ]j ` nkqcdhu 0- - - kb
pdaoa l ]peaj po ` ea %2&+ J kop kb pdaoa s ehh namqena kl an]pekj o
bkn pei ahu ^qi s kqj ` _hkoqna pk l nar aj p ej ba_pekj ]o s ahh
]o ]hhks bkn pei ahu napqnj pk j kni ]h bqj _pekj +
Fi l nkr a` l ]peaj p _]na ej pda oar anahu ^qnj a` ) ej _hq` ej c
kl an]per a opn]pacu ]j ` pa_dj emqao) d]o qj ` kq^pa` hu
ei l nkr a` oqnr er ]h) l ]npe_qh]nhu ej _deh` naj + ? qhh ]j `
Ceodan benop nal knpa` ej . 62/ pda at l a_pa` 2- " i knp]hepu
n]pa bkn ^qi oevao ej oar an]h ]ca cnkql o ^]oa` kj ` ]p]
bnki pdaen qj ep+ Qdau nal knpa` pd]p ]l l nkt ei ]pahu kj a*
d]hb kb _deh` naj ]ca` - *. 1 s epd ^qi o kb 16" pkp]h ^k` u
oqnb]_a ]na] %Q? P> & s kqh` ` ea) 13" Q? P> bkn l ]peaj po
]ca` . 2*11) / 4" Q? P> bkn pdkoa kb ]ca 12 ]j ` 31) ]j `
. - " Q? P> bkn pdkoa ]ca` ; 32 ua]no %3&+ Qdaoa ` eoi ]h
op]peope_o d]r a ` n]ope_]hhu ei l nkr a` ) s epd pda h]paop
nal knpo ej ` e_]pej c 2- " i knp]hepu bkn 65" Q? P> ^qi o ej
_deh` naj qj ` an . 2) ]j ` 42" Q? P> ^qi o ej kpdan ukqj c
]ca cnkql o %4)5&+ Qdanabkna) ] da]hpdu ukqj c l ]peaj p s epd
] ^qi kb ]j u oeva i ecdp ^a at l a_pa` pk oqnr er a %6&+ Qda
o]i a _]j j kp ^a o]e` ) dks ar an) bkn pdkoa ]ca` ; 12 ua]no)
s dana pda ei l nkr ai aj po d]r a ^aaj i q_d i kna i k` aop)
aol a_e]hhu ej pda ah` anhu %. - &+ ? aps aaj . 64. ]j ` . 66. )
^qi ` a]pdo ej pda Rj epa` Pp]pao ` a_na]oa` ^u 1- " ) s epd
] _kj _ki ep]j p . / " ` a_na]oa ej ` a]pdo ]ook_e]pa` s epd
ej d]h]pekj ej fqnu %. . &+ Pej _a . 66. ) ^qnj ` a]pdo l an _]l ep]
d]r a ` a_na]oa` ]j kpdan / 2" ]__kn` ej c pk @aj pano bkn
Aeoa]oa @kj pnkh op]peope_o %s s s +_` _+ckr ,j _el _,s eom] no&+
Oa]okj o bkn pdaoa ` n]i ]pe_ ei l nkr ai aj po ej i knp]hepu
]bpan ^qi pd]p ]na nah]pa` pk pna]pi aj p ej _hq` a ej _na]oa`
qj ` anop]j ` ej c kb naoqo_ep]pekj ) ^appan oql l knp kb pda dul an*
i ap]^khe_ naol kj oa pk ej fqnu) ]j ` l nk^]^hu) i kop ei l knp*
]j p) _kj pnkh kb s kqj ` _ki l he_]pekj o pdnkqcd ]ccnaooer a
kl an]per a at _eoekj ]j ` _hkoqna kb pda ^qnj s kqj ` +
Oa_aj phu) ep s ]o bkqj ` pd]p pkp]h at _eoekj ]j ` cn]bpej c kb
pda ^qi s kqj ` s epdej 4/ d kb ej fqnu ` a_na]oa` s kqj `
_ki l he_]pekj o) oal oeo) ]j ` dkol ep]h haj cpd kb op]u %. / &+
Qda ` n]i ]pe_ abba_p kb pda l n]_pe_a kb a]nhu s kqj ` at _eoekj
kj ^qi i knp]hepu _]j j kp ^a kr anai l d]oeva` + Cqnpdan
ei l nkr ai aj po kb pdeo i ]cj epq` a ej pda bqpqna ]na hegahu
pk ^a ej pda ]na] kb b]opan ]j ` ^appan napqnj kb bqj _pekj )
]j ` ei l nkr a` _koi ape_ kqp_ki ao+
<<<&
E8 FHF6 4 FF8 FF@8 AG
? abkna s kqj ` _hkoqna _]j ^a aj panp]ej a` ) naoqo_ep]pekj
bnki ^qi odk_g i qop _ki i aj _a pk oql l knp pda l ]peaj p
pdnkqcd pda n]r ]cao kb bhqe` odebpo) a` ai ] bkni ]pekj ) ]j `
knc]j ` uodki akop]oeo+ ? abkna qj ` anckej c ol a_ebe_ pna] p*
i aj p) ^qnj a` l ]peaj po i qop ^a nai kr a` bnki pda okqn_a
kb ej fqnu ]j ` pda ^qnj ej c l nk_aoo opkl l a` + Fj d]h]pekj
ej fqnu odkqh` ]hs ]uo ^a oqol a_pa` ]j ` . - - " kt ucaj
odkqh` ^a cer aj ^u b]_ai ]og+ ? qnj ej c _hkpdej c odkqh`
^a at pej cqeoda` ]j ` nai kr a` ]o okkj ]o l kooe^ha pk
l nar aj p bqnpdan ej fqnu+ > hh nej co) s ]p_dao) fas ahnu) ]j `
^ahpo odkqh` ^a nai kr a` ]o pdau nap]ej da]p ]j ` _]j
l nk` q_a ] pkqnj emqap*hega abba_p+ T ]pan ]p nkki pai l an]*
pqna _]j ^a l kqna` kj pda s kqj ` s epdej . 2 i ej kb ej fqnu
pk ` a_na]oa pda ` al pd kb pda s kqj ` ) ^qp ]j u oq^oamqaj p
i a]oqnao pk _kkh pda s kqj ` odkqh` ^a ]r ke` a` pk
l nar aj p dul kpdani e] ` qnej c naoqo_ep]pekj +
> bpan ]nner ]h ]p pda dkol ep]h) ]ppaj pekj odkqh` ^a benop
` n]s j pk pda ]ens ]u+ Bt l koqna pk da]pa` c]oao ]j `
oi kga i ]u naoqhp ej ` ]i ]ca pk pda ql l an naol en]pknu
pn]_p s epd ` ena_p ej fqnu pk pda ql l an ]ens ]u _]qoej c
a` ai ] ]j ` k^opnq_pekj pk pda l ]oo]ca kb ]en+ I koo kb pda
]ens ]u eo pda i kop _ki i kj _]qoa kb ` a]pd ej pda a]nhu
l d]oao kb ^qnj ]ooaooi aj p ]j ` naoqo_ep]pekj + E]n^ej cano
kb ]ens ]u ej fqnu ej _hq` a b]_e]h ^qi o) oej ca` j ]o]h d]eno)
_]n^kj ]_akqo ol qpqi ) ]j ` p]_dul j a]+
Mnkcnaooer a dk]noaj aoo eo ] oecj kb ei l aj ` ej c ]ens ]u
k^opnq_pekj ) ]j ` aj ` kpn]_da]h ej pq^]pekj odkqh` ^a ej ope*
pqpa` a]nhu ^abkna a` ai ] ` eopknpo pda ql l an ]ens ]u
]j ]pki u+ Qdeo eo aol a_e]hhu ei l knp]j p ej l ]peaj po s epd
i ]ooer a ^qi o) s dk i ]u ]l l a]n pk ^na]pda s epdkqp l nk*
^hai o a]nhu ej pda naoqo_ep]pekj l anek` qj peh oar an]h hepano
kb r khqi a ]na cer aj naoqhpej c ej oecj ebe_]j p ]ens ]u
a` ai ]+ Fb ]j u mqaopekj eo n]eoa` nac]n` ej c pda oa_qnepu kb
pda ]ens ]u) pda l ]peaj p odkqh` ^a ej pq^]pa` +
4 &
<] XcXP[ J ^d] S 6 PaT
Mnadkol ep]h _]na kb pda ^qi s kqj ` eo ^]oe_ ]j ` oei l ha
^a_]qoa ep namqenao kj hu l nkpa_pekj bnki pda aj r enkj i aj p
s epd ]l l he_]pekj kb ] _ha]j ` nu ` naooej c kn odaap pk _kr an
pda ej r khr a` l ]np+ A]i l ` naooej co odkqh` j kp ^a qoa` +
Qda l ]peaj p odkqh` ^a s n]l l a` ej ] ^h]j gap pk i ej ei eva
da]p hkoo ]j ` bkn pai l an]pqna _kj pnkh ` qnej c pn]j ol knp+
Qda benop opal ej ` ei ej eodej c l ]ej eo pk _kr an pda s kqj ` o
pk l nar aj p _kj p]_p s epd at l koa` j anr a aj ` ej co+ Fj pn] i qo*
_qh]n kn oq^_qp]j akqo j ]n_kpe_ ej fa_pekj o bkn l ]ej odkqh`
j ar an ^a qoa` ^a_]qoa ` nqc ]^oknl pekj eo ` a_na]oa` ]o ]
naoqhp kb pda l anel dan]h r ]ok_kj opne_pekj + Qdeo i ecdp
^a_ki a ] l nk^hai h]pan s daj pda l ]peaj p eo naoqo_ep]pa` )
]j ` r ]ok` eh]pekj ej _na]oao ]^oknl pekj kb pda j ]n_kpe_
` al kp s epd naoqhpej c ]l j a]+ Pi ]hh ` koao kb ej pn]r aj kqo
i knl dej a i ]u ^a cer aj ]bpan _ki l hapa ]ooaooi aj p kb pda
l ]peaj p ]j ` ]bpan ep eo ` apani ej a` pk ^a o]ba ^u ]j at l ane*
aj _a` l n]_pepekj an+ > l l he_]pekj kb o]hr ao kn kpdan pna] p*
i aj po odkqh` ^a s epddah` ]p pdeo l kej p) ]o ej ba_pekj s ehh
j kp aj oqa ej pda bas dkqno qj peh ` abej eper a _]na eo l nkr e` a` )
]j ` oq_d pna]pi aj po i ]u ]_pq]hhu k^o_qna pda s kqj ` oq_d
pd]p pdkoa naol kj oe^ha bkn pda bej ]h _]na kb pda s kqj ` ]na
qj ]^ha pk i ]ga ] _knna_p ]ooaooi aj p+

CaX] RX_[Tb X] @P] PVT\ T] c ^U 4 RdcT 5 da] b

, -
5&
ETbdbRXcPcX^]
> ` amq]pa naoqo_ep]pekj kb pda ^qnj a` l ]peaj p ` al aj ` o kj
pda aop]^heodi aj p ]j ` i ]ej paj ]j _a kb nahe]^ha ej pn]r aj kqo
]__aoo+ Fj _na]oa` pei ao pk ^acej j ej c naoqo_ep]pekj kb
^qnj a` l ]peaj po naoqhp ej l kknan kqp_ki ao) ]j ` ` ah]uo
odkqh` ^a i ej ei eva` + S aj kqo ]__aoo eo ^aop ]pp]ej a`
pdnkqcd odknp l anel dan]h _]pdapano ej qj ^qnj a` ogej 8
dks ar an) r aej o ej ^qnj a` ogej _]j ^a qoa` ]j ` ]na l naban*
]^ha pk j k ej pn]r aj kqo ]__aoo+ Pql anbe_e]h r aej o ]na kbpaj
pdnki ^koa` ej bqhh*pde_gj aoo ej fqneao ]j ` ) pdanabkna) ]na
j kp oqep]^ha bkn _]j j qh]pekj + P]l daj kqo r aej _qp` ks j o
]na qoabqh ej _]oao kb ` ebbe_qhp ]__aoo ]j ` ]na qoa` ej l na*
banaj _a pk _aj pn]h r aej _]j j qh]pekj ^a_]qoa kb hks an _ki *
l he_]pekj n]pao+ Fj _deh` naj 9 3 ua]no kb ]ca) at l aneaj _a`
l n]_pepekj ano _]j qoa ej pn]i a` qhh]nu ]__aoo ej pda l nkt ei ]h
pe^e] qj peh ej pn]r aj kqo ]__aoo eo ]__ki l heoda` + I ]_p]pa`
Oej canîo okhqpekj s epdkqp ` at pnkoa eo pda bhqe` kb _dke_a
at _al p ej _deh` naj 9 / ua]no) s dk odkqh` na_aer a 2" ` at *
pnkoa Oej canîo h]_p]pa+ Qda ej epe]h n]pa _]j ^a n]l e` hu aope*
i ]pa` ^u i qhpel huej c pda Q? P > ^qnj a` ^u pda l ]peaj pîo
s aecdp ej gehkcn]i o ]j ` pdaj ` er e` ej c ^u 5+ Qdqo) pda
n] pa kb ej bqoekj bkn ]j 5- gc i ]j s epd ] 1- " Q? P>
^qi s kqh` ^a 5- gc t 1- " Q? P > ,5 : 1- - i I ,d+ Qdeo
n] pa odkqh` ^a _kj pej qa` qj peh ] bkni ]h _]h_qh]pekj kb
naoqo_ep]pekj j aa` o pk ^a l anbkni a` +
J ]j u bkni qh]o d]r a ^aaj ` ar eoa` pk ` apani ej a pda
l nkl an ]i kqj p kb bhqe` pk cer a ] ^qnj a` l ]peaj p) ]hh knece*
j ]pej c bnki at l anei aj p]h opq` eao kj pda l ]pdkl duoekhkcu
kb ^qnj odk_g+ ? ]t pan %. 0& aop]^heoda` pda ^]oeo bkn
i k` anj bhqe` naoqo_ep]pekj l nkpk_kho _qhi ej ]pej c ej pda
M]ngh]j ` bkni qh] bkn ^qi naoqo_ep]pekj pd]p eo j ks qoa`
]nkqj ` pda s knh` ]o ]j aopei ]pa bkn ej pn]r aj kqo bhqe`
j aa` o ]bpan oar ana ^qi + Qdeo bkni qh] eo / *1 _i 0,gc l an
" Q? P> ^qnj a` s epd d] hb pk ^a cer aj ej pda benop 5 d
]bpan ej fqnu) ]j ` pda naop ej pda oq^oamqaj p . 3 d+ ? a_]qoa
kb ` ebbanaj _ao ej s aecdp l an ^k` u oqnb]_a ]na] ej _deh` naj )
` ebbanaj p bkni qh]o d]r a ^aaj ` ar eoa` bkn pdai ^]oa` kj
^k` u oqnb]_a ]na]+ Pqccaopa` ej pn]r aj kqo naoqo_ep]pekj
bkn _deh` naj eo 2- - - _i 0,i / ^qnj a` l hqo ]j ]` ` epekj ]h
. 2- - _i 0,i / Q? P> bkn i ]ej paj ]j _a j aa` o+ > c]ej ) kj a*
d] hb kb pda r khqi a odkqh` ^a cer aj ej pda benop 5 d bnki
^qi ]j ` pda naop ej pda aj oqej c . 3 d+ Qdaoa aopei ]pao
]na cqe` ahej ao bkn pda ]i kqj p kb r khqi a pd]p i ]u ^a
namqena` + J kj epknej c kb qnej a kqpl qp s epd ] qnej ]nu _]pd*
apan odkqh` ^a ` kj a) s epd dkqnhu i k` ebe_]pekj o i ]` a ej
pda ej bqoekj n]pa pk ]pp]ej ] ck]h kb . */ _i 0,gc l an dkqn
]ooqi ej c j kni ]h naj ]h bqj _pekj + Fj pda ]^oaj _a kb
j kni ]h naj ]h bqj _pekj ) _aj pn]h i kj epknej c kb r aj kqo l naoo*
qnao _]j ]ooeop ej r khqi a aopei ]pao+
Pki a aha_p pk qoa ]h^qi ej ` qnej c naoqo_ep]pekj pk
` a_na]oa r khqi ao8 dks ar an) na_aj phu pda qoa kb ]h^qi ej
` qnej c ej pn]r aj kqo naoqo_ep]pekj d]o _ki a qj ` an _nepe_eoi +
Qda @k_dn]j a cnkql odks a` ej ] i ap]*]j ]huoeo kb 0. pne]ho
pd]p pda neog kb ` a]pd s ]o decdan ej ^qnj a` l ]peaj po
na_aer ej c ]h^qi ej pd]j ej pdkoa na_aer ej c _nuop]hhke` )
s epd ] nah]per a neog kb ` a]pd ]p / +1- %62" _kj be` aj _a
ej panr ]h . +. . *2+. 6 %. 1&+ > j kpdan i ap]*]j ]huoeo kb ]hh _ne*
pe_]hhu ehh l ]peaj po nabqpa` pdeo bej ` ej c) odks ej c j k ` ebban*
aj _ao ej nah]per a neog ^aps aaj ]h^qi ej *pna]pa` ]j `
_nuop]hhke` *pna]pa` cnkql o %. 2&+ Fj b]_p) ]o mq]hepu kb pda
pne]ho ei l nkr a` ) pda nah]per a neogo s ana na` q_a` + Oa_aj p
ar e` aj _a oqccaopo pd]p ]h^qi ej oql l hai aj p]pekj ar aj
]bpan naoqo_ep]pekj ` kao j kp ]bba_p pda ` eopne^qpekj kb bhqe`
]i kj c pda ej pn]_ahhqh] n,at pn]_ahhqh] n _ki l ]npi aj po %. 3&+
T d]p s a _]j _kj _hq` a bnki pdaoa pne]ho ]j ` i ap]*]j ]huoao
eo pd]p ]h^qi ej qoa` ` qnej c naoqo_ep]pekj eo ]p ^aop amq]h pk
_nuop]hhke` ) ]j ` ]p s knop ` apnei aj p]h pk pda kqp_ki a kb
^qnj a` l ]peaj po+ Ckn pdaoa na]okj o) s a _]j j kp na_ki i aj `
pda qoa kb ]h^qi ej ` qnej c naoqo_ep]pekj +
Qk _ki ^]p ]j u nacqncep]pekj s epd ]j ej paopej ]h ehaqo) ]
j ]okc]opne_ pq^a odkqh` ^a ej oanpa` ej ]hh l ]peaj po s epd
i ]fkn ^qnj o pk ` a_ki l naoo pda opki ]_d+ Qdeo eo aol a_e]hhu
ei l knp]j p bkn ]hh l ]peaj po ^aej c pn]j ol knpa` ej ]en_n]bp ]p
decd ]hpepq` ao+ > ` ` epekj ]hhu) ]hh l ]peaj po odkqh` ^a
naopne_pa` bnki p]gej c ]j updej c ^u i kqpd qj peh pda pn]j oban
d]o ^aaj _ki l hapa` + Aa_ki l naooekj kb pda opki ]_d eo
qoq]hhu j a_aoo]nu ^a_]qoa pda ]l l nadaj oer a l ]peaj p s ehh
os ]hhks _kj oe` an]^ha ]i kqj po kb ]en ]j ` ` eopaj ` pda
opki ]_d+
Oa_ki i aj ` ]pekj o bkn pap]j qo l nkl duh]t eo ]na ^]oa` kj
pda _kj ` epekj kb pda s kqj ` ]j ` pda l ] peaj pîo ei i qj ev]pekj
deopknu+ > hh l ]peaj po s epd ^qi o kb ; . - " Q? P> odkqh`
na_aer a - +2 i I pap]j qo pkt ke` + Fb l nekn ei i qj ev]pekj eo
]^oaj p kn qj _ha]n) kn pda h]op ^kkopan ` koa s ]o ; . -
ua]no ]ck) / 2- qj epo kb pap]j qo ei i qj kchk^qhej eo ]hok
cer aj +
6 &
8 bRWPa^c^\ XTb
T daj ` aal oa_kj ` * ]j ` pden` *` acnaa ^qi s kqj ` o aj _ki *
l ]oo pda _en_qi banaj _a kb ]j at pnai epu) l anel dan]h _en_qh]*
pekj pk pda hei ^ _]j ^a _ki l nki eoa` + Aar ahkl i aj p kb
caj an]heva` a` ai ] ^aj a]pd ] j kj ueah` ej c ao_d]n ei l a` ao
r aj kqo kqpbhks ]j ` ar aj pq]hhu ]bba_po ]npane]h ej bhks pk
pda ` eop]h ^a` o+ Qdeo _]j ^a na_kcj eva` ^u j qi ^j aoo ]j `
pej chej c ej pda hei ^ ]j ` ej _na]oa` l ]ej ej pda ` ecepo+ > npan*
e]h bhks _]j ^a ]ooaooa` ^u ` apani ej ]pekj kb Akl l han
oecj ]ho ej pda ` ecep]h ]npaneao ]j ` pda l ]hi ]n ]j ` l h]j p]n
]n_dao ej ]bba_pa` at pnai epeao+ Fp odkqh` ^a j kpa` )
dks ar an) pd]p l naoaj _a kb ] Akl l han oecj ]h ` kao j kp
i a]j pda at pnai epu eo j kp ]p neog bkn eo_dai e_ _ki l he*
_]pekj o+ @]l ehh]nu nabehh _]j ]hok ^a ]ooaooa` + Bt pnai epeao
]p neog ]na e` aj pebea` aepdan kj _hej e_]h at ]i ej ]pekj kn kj
i a]oqnai aj p kb peooqa l naooqnao ; 1- i i Ec+ Qdaoa at pna*
i epeao namqena ao_d]nkpki eao) s de_d ]na naha]oao kb pda
^qi ao_d]n l anbkni a` ]p pda ^a` oe` a ^u ej _eoej c pda
h]pan]h ]j ` i a` e]h ]ol a_po kb pda at pnai epu s epd ] o_]hl ah

, .

9d] RcX^] P[ P] S 4 TbcWTcXR ETR^] bcadRcX^] ^U 5 da] TS CPcXT] cb
kn aha_pnk_]qpanu qj ep+ Qda aj pena _kj opne_pej c ao_d]n
i qop ^a ej _eoa` hkj cepq` ej ]hhu pk _ki l hapahu nahear a pda
ei l a` ei aj p pk ^hkk` bhks + Qda ej _eoekj o ]na _]nnea`
` ks j kj pk pda pdaj ]n ]j ` dul kpdaj ]n ai ej aj _ao) ]j `
]hkj c pda ` knokh]pan]h oe` ao kb pda ` ecepo pk _ki l hapahu
kl aj pda d]j ` eb ep eo ej r khr a` %Cec+ 0+. &+ Fb ep eo _ha]n
pd]p pda s kqj ` s ehh namqena at _eoekj ]j ` cn]bpej c
^a_]qoa kb epo ` al pd) ao_d]nkpki eao ]na o]baop pk naopkna
l anbqoekj pk pda qj ` anhuej c j kj ^qnj a` peooqao qj peh
bkni ]h at _eoekj + Fb r ]o_qh]n _ki l nki eoa d]o ^aaj l nk*
hkj ca` ) nal anbqoekj ]bpan ]j ao_d]nkpki u i ]u _]qoa na]_*
per a dul anai e] ]j ` bqnpdan a` ai ] bkni ]pekj ej pda i qo_ha)
i ]gej c _kj pej qa` oqnr aehh]j _a kb pda ` eop]h at pnai epeao
j a_aoo]nu+ Fj _na]oa` i qo_ha _ki l ]npi aj p l naooqnao i ]u
j a_aooep]pa b]o_ekpki eao+ Qda i kop _ki i kj _ki l he_]pekj o
]ook_e]pa` s epd pdaoa l nk_a` qnao ]na ^hkk` hkoo ]j ` pda
naha]oa kb ]j ]ank^e_ i ap]^khepao) _]qoej c pn]j oeaj p
dul kpaj oekj + Fb ` eop]h l anbqoekj ` kao j kp ei l nkr a s epd
pdaoa i a]oqnao) _aj pn]h dul kpaj oekj bnki dul kr khai e]
odkqh` ^a oqol a_pa` ]j ` pna]pa` +
> _kj opne_pej c pnqj _]h ao_d]n _]j _]qoa ] oei eh]n
l daj ki aj kj ) at _al p pd]p pda abba_p eo pk ` a_na]oa r aj pe*
h]pekj ^u hei epej c _daop at _qnoekj + > j u ` a_na]oa ej r aj pe*
h]pekj kb ] ^qnj l ]peaj p odkqh` ^a bkhhks a` ^u ej ol a_pekj kb
pda _daop s epd ]l l nkl ne]pa ao_d]nkpki eao pk nahear a pda
_kj opne_pekj ]j ` ]hhks ]` amq]pa pe` ]h r khqi ao+ Qdeo j aa`
^a_ki ao ar e` aj p ej ] l ]peaj p kj ] r khqi a _kj pnkh r aj pe*
h]pkn s dkoa l a]g ]ens ]u l naooqnao ej _na]oa+ Fj oki a
_]oao) ]^` ki ej ]h _kj opne_pekj ]j ` ^ks ah a` ai ] i ]u
naoqhp ej ]^` ki ej ]h _ki l ]npi aj p ouj ` nki a) namqenej c
h]l ]nkpki u pk naopkna _aj pn]h knc]j l anbqoekj + J a]oqna*
i aj p kb ^h]` ` an l naooqnao ; 0- i i E c eo ] na]okj ]^ha
ej ` e_]pekj bkn pdeo pna]pi aj p+ > s kn` kb _]qpekj odkqh`
^a i aj pekj a` ) ej pd]p kqn at l aneaj _a ` e_p]pao pd]p at _eoekj
9XVdaT +&)
Mh]_ai aj p kb ao_d]nkpki eao+ Fj _eoekj o odkqh` ^a i ]` a ej pda ao_d]n kj pda i a` e]h ]j ` h] pan]h ]ol a_po kb pda at pnai epeao)
d]j ` o) ]j ` bej cano ej pdkoa ]na]o s epd oecj ebe_]j p _kj opne_pekj ]j ` peooqa eo_dai e]+ Fj pda l naoaj _a kb _ha] n _en_qi banaj pe]h bqhh*pde_gj aoo
s kqj ` o) ao_d]nkpki u odkqh` ^a ` kj a s epd heppha l nkr k_]pekj ]o pda s kqj ` o s ehh ^a at _eoa` ]bpan naoqo_ep]pekj ) ]j ` pdqo j k neog kb
]` ` epekj ]h o_]nnej c eo l naoaj p+

CaX] RX_[Tb X] @P] PVT\ T] c ^U 4 RdcT 5 da] b

, /
kb pda ^qi s kqj ` kbpaj ` a_na]oao ^h]` ` an l naooqna ej pdeo
oepq]pekj ) k^r e]pej c pda j aa` bkn kl aj h]l ]nkpki u ]j ` epo
]ppaj ` ]j p _ki l he_]pekj o+


Lj _a abbknpo ]p naoqo_ep]pekj ]na oq__aoobqh) ` abej eper a _]na
kb pda s kqj ` _]j _ki i aj _a+ ? qnj s kqj ` o _]j ^a nkqcdhu
_]packneva` ej pk ps k _h]ooao) l ]npe]h pde_gj aoo ]j ` bqhh
pde_gj aoo+ M]npe]h*pde_gj aoo s kqj ` o s ehh caj an]hhu da]h
^u hk_]h pna]pi aj p s epd ogej oq^opepqpao kn pkl e_]h ]j pei e*
_nk^e]ho) ]j ` pdanabkna ` k j kp namqena kl an]per a pna]pi aj p+
Cqhh*pde_gj aoo ]j ` r anu ` aal l ]npe]h*pde_gj aoo s kqj ` o)
dks ar an) s ehh namqena kpdan pna]pi aj po pk c]i an pei ahu
s kqj ` da]hej c+ Pej _a ]hh pda ahai aj po kb pda al e` ani eo
d]r a ^aaj k^hepan]pa` ej bqhh*pde_gj aoo s kqj ` o) da]hej c
_]j k__qn kj hu pdnkqcd s kqj ` _kj pn]_pekj ] j ` ,kn ol na]` *
ej c kb al epdahe]hev]pekj bnki pda s kqj ` a` cao+ Fj ] s kqj `
; 0 _i ) pdeo l nk_aoo s ehh p]ga s aago pk i kj pdo pk ua]no pk
_ki l hapa+ Fj kn` an pk ]__ahan]pa pdeo l nk_aoo) pda pa_dj emqa
kb ogej cn]bpej c s epd pda j a_aoo]nu gan]pej k_upao bnki
kpdan l ]npo kb pda ^k` u _]j ^a qoa` +
Qda ` al pd kb ^qnj r ]neao ` al aj ` ej c kj pda ` acnaa kb
peooqa ` ]i ]ca+ ? qnj ` al pd eo _h]ooebea` ej pk ` acnaa kb
ej fqnu ej pda al e` ani eo) ` ani eo) oq^_qp]j akqo b]p) ]j `
qj ` anhuej c opnq_pqnao %Cec+ 0+/ &+ Cenop*` acnaa ^qi o ]na)
^u ` abej epekj ) ej fqnu _kj bej a` pk pda al e` ani eo+ Qdaoa
^qi o ]na l ]ej bqh) anupdai ]pkqo) ]j ` ^h]j _d pk pda pkq_d
s epd ]j ej p]_p al e` ani ]h ^]nnean+ Bt ]i l hao ej _hq` a
oqj ^qnj kn ] i ej kn o_]h` bnki ] gep_daj ]__e` aj p+ Qdaoa
^qnj o ` k j kp naoqhp ej o_]nnej c) ]j ` pna]pi aj p eo ]ei a` ]p
_ki bknp s epd pda qoa kb pkl e_]h okkpdej c o]hr ao s epd kn
s epdkqp ]hka ]j ` kn]h j kj opanke` ]h ]j pe*ej bh]i i ]pknu
]caj po+ Daj an]hhu) j k hkj c*pani oamqah]a kn o_]nnej c eo
at l a_pa` bnki pdaoa ej fqneao) ]j ` pdanabkna j k ol a_ebe_
pna]pi aj po ]na namqena` +
Pa_kj ` *` acnaa
^qnj o
]na
l ]npe]h*pde_gj aoo
^qi o
` er e` a` ej pk ps k pul ao) oql anbe_e]h ]j ` ` aal + > hh oa_kj ` *
` acnaa ^qi o d]r a oki a ` acnaa kb ` ani ]h ` ]i ]ca) ]j `
pda ` er eoekj eo ^]oa` kj pda ` al pd kb ej fqnu ej pk pdeo opnq_*
pqna+ Pql anbe_e]h ` ani ]h ^qnj o ]na anupdai ]pkqo) l ]ej bqh)
^h]j _d pk pkq_d) ]j ` kbpaj ^heopan+ Bt ]i l hao ej _hq` a
o_]h` ej fqneao bnki kr anda]pa` ^]pdpq^ s ]pan ]j ` bh]od
bh]i a ^qnj o bnki kl aj _]n^qnapkno+ Qdaoa s kqj ` o ol kj *
p]j akqohu na*al epdahe]heva bnki nap]ej a` al e` ani ]h opnq_*
pqnao ej pda napa ne` cao) d]en bkhhe_hao) ]j ` os a]p ch]j ` o ej
4*. 1 ` ]uo+ > bpan da]hej c) pdaoa ^qnj o i ]u d]r a oki a
ohecdp ogej ` eo_khkn]pekj kr an pda hkj c pani + Aaal ` ani ]h
^qnj o ej pk pda nape_qh]n ` ani eo ]l l a]n i kna l ]ha ]j `
i kppha` ) ` k j kp ^h]j _d pk pkq_d) ^qp nai ]ej l ]ej bqh pk l ej *
l ne_g+ Qdaoa ^qnj o da]h ej . 1*02 ` ]uo ^u na*al epdahe]hev]*
pekj bnki d]en bkhhe_hao ]j ` os a]p ch]j ` gan]pej k_upao)
kbpaj s epd oar ana o_]nnej c ]o ] naoqhp kb pda hkoo kb oecj ebe*
_]j p l knpekj o kb pda ` ani eo+
Qden` *` acnaa ^qnj o ]na bqhh pde_gj aoo pdnkqcd pda al e*
` ani eo ]j ` ` ani eo) ]j ` ]na _d]n]_paneva` ^u ] d]n` ha]pd*
anu ao_d]n pd]p eo l ]ej haoo ]j ` ^h]_g) s depa) kn _dannu na` ej
_khkn+ Kk al e` ani ]h kn ` ani ]h ]l l aj ` ]cao nai ]ej 8 pdqo)
9XVdaT +&*
? qi ` al pd+ ? qnj o _]qoa peooqa ` ]i ]ca pd] p _]j ^a _h]ooebea` ^]oa` kj pda ` al pd kb pd]p ` ]i ]ca+ Cenop*` acnaa ^qi o ]na
hei epa` pk pda al e` ani eo+ Pql anbe_e]h l ]npe]h pde_gj aoo ^qi o ]na hei epa` pk pda al e` ani eo ]j ` oql anbe_e]h ` ani eo+ Aaal l ]npe]h pde_gj aoo
s kqj ` o at paj ` ej pk pda ` aal nape_qh]n ` ani eo+ Cqhh*pde_gj aoo ^qnj o at paj ` pdnkqcd pda ` ani eo) ha]r ej c j k r e]^ha ogej ]l l aj ` ]cao ]j `
pdqo j k gan]pej k_upa naopo+

, 0

9d] RcX^] P[ P] S 4 TbcWTcXR ETR^] bcadRcX^] ^U 5 da] TS CPcXT] cb
pdaoa s kqj ` o i qop da]h ^u na*al epdahe]hev]pekj bnki pda
s kqj ` a` cao+ Aaal ` ani ]h ]j ` bqhh*pde_gj aoo ^qi o
namqena at _eoekj s epd ogej cn]bpej c bnki pda l ]peaj p ej
kn` an pk da]h pda s kqj ` o ej ] pei ahu b]odekj + Ckqnpd*
` acnaa ^qi o ej r khr a kpdan knc]j o ^aj a]pd pda ogej ) oq_d
]o i qo_ha) ^kj a) ]j ` ^n]ej +
@qnnaj phu) ^qi ` al pd eo i kop ]__qn]pahu ]ooaooa` ^u
fq` ci aj p kb at l aneaj _a` l n]_pepekj ano+ > __qn]pa ` apani e*
j ]pekj kb ` al pd eo _nepe_]h ^a_]qoa s kqj ` o pd]p s ehh da]h
s epd hk_]h pna]pi aj p ]na pna]pa` ` ebbanaj phu bnki pdkoa
namqenej c kl an]per a ej panr aj pekj + Bt ]i ej ]pekj kb pda
aj pena s kqj ` ^u pda l duoe_e]j o qhpei ]pahu naol kj oe^ha
bkn pdaen i ]j ]cai aj p pdaj eo pda ëckh` op]j ` ]n` í qoa` pk
cqe` a bqnpdan pna]pi aj p ` a_eoekj o+ Kas pa_dj khkceao)
oq_d ]o pda i qhpeoaj okn da]p]^ha h]oan Akl l han bhks i apan)
dkh` l nki eoa bkn mq]j pep]per ahu ` apani ej ej c ^qi ` al pd+
Par an]h na_aj p nal knpo _h]ei oql aneknepu kb pdeo i apdk`
kr an _hej e_]h fq` ci aj p ej pda ` apani ej ]pekj kb s kqj ` o
namqenej c ogej cn]bpej c bkn pei ahu da]hej c %Cec+ 0+0&)
s de_d i ]u ha]` pk ] _d]j ca ej pda op]j ` ]n` kb _]na ej
pda j a]n bqpqna %. 4*. 6&+
8&
5 da] FXi T
Aapani ej ]pekj kb ^qnj oeva aopei ]pao pda at paj p kb ej fqnu+
? qnj oeva eo caj an]hhu ]ooaooa` ^u pda ënqha kb j ej aoí
%Cec+ 0+1&+ Fj ]` qhpo) a]_d ql l an at pnai epu ]j ` pda da]`
]j ` j a_g ]na 6" kb pda Q? P >) pda hks an at pnai epeao ]j `
9XVdaT +&+
I ]oan Akl l han+ Qdeo i ]_dej a _kj oeopo kb ] i kj epkn)
okbps ]na,d]n` s ] na) ]j ` ] da]p]^ha h] oan l nk^a pd]p qoao Akl l han
pa_dj khkcu pk aopei ]pa ^hkk` bhks ej ] peooqa+ Qda l nk^a qoa` bkn
pda ogej d]o oar aj oal ]n]pa oaj okno pd]p ]na ej pacn]pa` s epd ] da]p
okqn_a pd]p op] ^ehevao ogej pai l an]pqna pk na` q_a r ]ne] ^ehepu ej
i a]oqnai aj po+ Qda l nk^a eo l h]_a` hecdphu kj pda ogej s deha
pda i a]oqnai aj po ]na ^aej c i ]` a+ M]npe]h*pde_gj aoo s kqj ` o
s ehh d]r a decdan ^hkk` bhks o) ]j ` bqhh*pde_gj aoo ej fqneao hks an
^hkk` bhks o _ki l ]na` pk j kni ]h ogej +
pda ]j panekn ]j ` l kopanekn pnqj g ]na . 5" a]_d) ]j ` pda l ane*
j aqi ]j ` caj ep]he] ]na ]ooqi a` pk ^a . " kb pda Q? P >+
> j kpdan i apdk` kb aopei ]pej c oi ]hhan ^qnj o eo pk amq]pa
pda ]na] kb pda kl aj d]j ` %ej _hq` ej c pda l ]hi ]j ` pda
at paj ` a` bej cano& kb pda l ]peaj p pk ^a x. " Q? P > ]j `
pdaj pk pn]j ol koa pd]p i a]oqnai aj p r eoq]hhu kj pk pda
s kqj ` bkn ] ` apani ej ]pekj kb epo oeva+ Qdeo i apdk` eo
dahl bqh s daj ar ]hq]pej c ol h]od ^qi o ]j ` kpdan ^qi o kb
i et a` ` eopne^qpekj +
@deh` naj d]r a ] nah]per ahu h]ncan l knpekj kb pda ^k` u
oqnb]_a ]na] ej pda da]` ]j ` j a_g) s de_d eo _ki l aj o]pa`
bkn ^u ] nah]per ahu oi ]hhan oqnb]_a ]na] ej pda hks an at pna*
i epeao+ Fj b]j po d]r a / . " kb pda Q? P > ej pda da]` ]j ` j a_g
]j ` . 0" ej a]_d hac) s de_d ej _nai aj p]hhu ]l l nk]_dao pda
]` qhp l nkl knpekj o s epd ej _na]oej c ]ca+ Qda ? angks
bkni qh] eo qoa` pk ]__qn]pahu ` apani ej a ^qi oeva ej
_deh` naj %Q]^ha 0+. &+
BC8 E4 GLj _a naoqo_ep]pekj eo qj ` an s ]u ]j ` pda l ]peaj p eo l duoek*
hkce_]hhu oappha` ) s kqj ` _]na _]j ^acej + B]_d l ]peaj p s ehh
d]r a ^qnj o ` ebbanej c ej pdaen ` eopne^qpekj ]j ` ` al pd) j a_ao*
oep]pej c ej ` er e` q]heva` l h]j j ej c bkn s kqj ` pna]pi aj p+ Qda
i kop ei l knp]j p ej epe]h ]ooaooi aj p eo s dapdan pda ^qnj o ]na
l ]npe]h kn bqhh pde_gj aoo ]j ` pda at paj p kb pda ej fqnu ]o pda
_kj oe` an]pekj o bkn oqnr er ]h) bqj _pekj ) ]j ` _koi aoeo ` ebban+
M]npe]h pde_gj aoo ^qnj o ej caj an]h s ehh da]h ol kj *
p]j akqohu bnki nap]ej a` _ahhqh]n ahai aj po s epd ]
i ej ei qi kb _kj pn]_pqna+ Eks ar an) _d]j cao ej ogej
_kj pkqn ]j ` _khkn ]na _ki i kj ) s de_d i ]u ^a ]` ` naooa`
ej pda na_kj opnq_per a l anek` ]bpan _ki l hapa da]hej c+ Qda
ej epe]h pna]pi aj p kb l ]npe]h*pde_gj aoo ^qnj o eo qoq]hhu
]__ki l heoda` ^u ` naooej c _d]j cao s epd ]j pei e_nk^e]h
o]hr ao oq_d ]o Pehr ]` aj aà kn ? ]_epn]_ej à kn j as oehr an
ei l nacj ]pa` ` naooej co qj peh al epdahe]hev]pekj eo _ki l hapa+
> hpanj ]per ahu) l ]npe]h*pde_gj aoo ^qnj o _]j ^a pna]pa` s epd
]npebe_e]h ogej _kr anej co oq_d ]o ? ek^n]j aà %? anpag) B]op
> i danop) KV&) kn Qn]j o@upaà %Pi epd ]j ` Kal das )
I ]nck) CI & pk ` ei ej eod l ]ej ]j ` ` naooej c _d]j cao %/ - )/ . &+
Fj l ]npe]h*pde_gj aoo ^qi o kr an 1- " kb pda Q? P > ) oki a
bkhhks pda l n]_pe_a kb p]gej c pda l ]peaj p pk pda kl an]pej c
pda]pan bkn od]nl ` a^ne` ai aj p ]j ` _kr an]ca s epd _]` ]r ane_
ogej + Qdeo pna]pi aj p d]o pda ej danaj p ]` r ]j p]cao kb
ei i a` e]pa _kr an]ca kb pda s kqj ` s epd ]j ei i qj khkce*
_]hhu ]_per a oq^op]j _a) pdqo l nkr e` ej c ] l kpaj pe]h ]` r ]j *
p]ca ej pani o kb naoeop]j _a pk ej ba_pekj + Qda ` eo]` r ]j p]ca
pk pdeo pna]pi aj p eo pda ej _knl kn]pekj kb _]` ]r an ` ani eo
ej pk pda ogej ]bpan al epdahe]hev]pekj naoqhpej c ej _koi ape*
_]hhu ` eop]opabqh _kj pkqn ]^j kni ]hepeao) l ]npe_qh]nhu eb
i aoda` _]` ]r ane_ ogej eo qoa` + Qk ]r ke` pdeo) ] ogej oq^ope*
pqpa oq_d ]o ? ek^n]j a _kqh` ^a qoa` + Pa_kj ` ) od]nl