Functional and Aesthetic Reconstruction of Burn Patients

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pekj eo i ]ej hu al e` ani ]h) ep i ]u b]` a pk ] cna]p at paj p kr an
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at l koqna+ Qdau ^ahear a` pd]p ej pda a]nhu l d]oa kb
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? qnj ej fqneao ]na hegahu pk nal eci aj p s epdej . *0 ua]no
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ej de^epej c pda aj vui a punkoej ]oa+ E u` nkmqej kj a eo ]hok
gj ks j pk _]qoa ^kpd pda ` acn]` ]pekj kb i ah]j koki ao ]j `
pda ` aopnq_pekj kb i ah]j k_upao+ Qdqo) nar anoe^ha ` al eci aj *
p]pekj i ]u k__qn kj odknp*pani ]l l he_]pekj + Eks ar an)
ennar anoe^ha ` al eci aj p]pekj ]bpan l nkhkj ca` ]l l he_]pekj eo
]ppne^qpa` pk pda ` a]pd kb pda i ah]j k_upao %1/ &+
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qoej c du` nkmqej kj a ej ^ha]_dej c _na]i o+ T daj qoa`
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pn]pekj + > o pda _kj _aj pn]pekj ej _na]oao) pda abbe_]_u ]hok
ej _na]oao pk ] _anp]ej l kej p+ Qda l nk^hai eo pd]p ogej

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decdan _kj _aj pn]pekj ` kao j kp l nk` q_a ckk` naoqhpo %2/ &+
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du` nkmqej kj a ]hkj a+ Qnapej kej ]_po ^u ei l nkr ej c al e` an*
i ]h l aj apn]pekj ]j ` ej _na]oej c gan]pej k_upa l nkheban]pekj +
Qda ]` ` epekj kb opanke` o d]o pda _]l ]_epu pk ` a_na]oa pda
ennep]pekj abba_p kb du` nkmqej kj a ]j ` eo dahl bqh ej k^p]ej ej c
ckk` naoqhpo+
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naoqhpo ej ` al eci aj p]pekj s daj ]l l hea` ps e_a ` ]ehu bkn
3 s aago+ Ppanke` o ]hok ^hk_g punkoej ]oa s daj ]l l hea`
s epd 1" du` nkmqej kj a+ Qdqo) pda abba_per aj aoo eo i q_d
i kna pd]j s d]p eo ]_dear a` s daj du` nkmqej kj a eo
]l l hea` ]hkj a+ Oapej *> qoa` ej _ki ^ej ]pekj s epd opanke`
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_upao+ @kj oamqaj phu) pdeo ]l l a]no pk ^a ] o]ba ]caj p bkn
pna]pej c dul anl eci aj p]pekj _d]j cao ej ogej cn]bpo+ Qda
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j aj p ` al eci aj p]pekj + Eu` nkmqej kj a _]j ^a qoa` ]hkj a kn
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naoqhpej c ej l ]npe]h ` aopnq_pekj kb pda al e` ani eo ]j `
` ani eo s epd oq^oamqaj p nacaj an]pekj %21)22&+ Qda naoqhp
eo pda oi kkpdej c kb oqnb]_a ennacqh]nepeao ]j ` ]hpan]pekj o
ej ogej l eci aj p]pekj + Qdaen qpehev]pekj ej ^qi l ]peaj po
i ]u j kp ^a ]l l he_]^ha oej _a pdaoa l ]peaj po d]r a bas al e*
` ani ]h ]l l aj ` ]cao bkn naal epdahe]hev]pekj + Oac]n` haoo)
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p]pekj + J aj ) ` qa pk pde_gan ogej ) ` k j kp naol kj ` ]o s ahh
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l nk` q_a` s daj pdau ]na ]l l hea` ) l aahej c ]caj po ]na
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]r ke` ]j _a+ > _ki i kj hu qoa` oqj o_naaj eo l ]n] ]i ej k
^aj vke_ ]_e` %M> ? > &+ Qda i kop _ki i kj i a]oqna kb
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ej pda oqj bkn oqop]ej a` l nkpa_pekj %3. &+
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o_]ppanej c RS n]uo+ Qda r ]nekqo ej cna` eaj po ]na vej _
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pdaoa ]caj po ]na j kpe_a]^ha) ]j ` _]j nq^ kbb a]oehu+ @dai e_]h
oqj o_naaj o _kj p]ej ]caj po pk ]^okn^ RS O+ Qdau ]_p ]o
behpano ]j ` ej de^ep l aj apn]pekj kb RS O pk al e` ani eo ]j `
` ani eo+ Qda i kop _ki i kj ]caj p qoa` eo M> ? > ]j ` epo
aopano+ Qda aopano hks an pda l kpaj pe]h bkn ]hhance_ na]_pekj o+
PMC kb . 2 eo ]` amq]pa bkn haooan ]i kqj p kb oqj at l koqna ]j `
PMC kb ; 0- bkn ] bqhh ` ]u kb at l koqna ej oqi i an i kj pdo
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_koi ape_ bkni qh]pekj o+ Qda ` eo]` r ]j p]cao kb _dai e_]h
oqj o_naaj o ]na ps kbkh` + M> ? > _]j _]qoa _kj p]_p ` ani ]pepeo
]j ` i ]u op]ej _hkpdej c+
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naoqhp ej ] pai l kn]nu kn l ani ]j aj p hkoo kb l eci aj p]pekj
ej pda pna]pi aj p oepa+ Eks ar an) _]qpekj odkqh` ^a qoa`
s daj pna]pej c ` ]ngan ogej %/ / &+ Fj ]` ` epekj ) pda pna]pi aj p
kb h]nca ]na]o eo j kp kj hu ` ]j cankqo ^qp ]hok ei l n]_pe_]h+
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pk _kj _a]h o_]no ]j ` l eci aj p]pekj _d]j cao ]j ` kpdan
ei l anba_pekj o kb pda ogej %31)32&+ Fp eo ] pdan]l u pk ]hhar e]pa
pda oqbbanej c kb pdkoa s dk d]r a ^aaj ` eobecqna` ]j ` ) qj peh
j ks ) d]` heppha _dke_a ]o pk dks pk _]i kqbh]ca l eci aj p]*
pekj ` ebbanaj _ao+ > hpdkqcd pda ^aj abepo kb _koi ape_ _]i kq*
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kb l neknepu ej pda nad]^ehep]pekj kb pda ^qnj a` l ]peaj po+ Qda
l nk` q_po qoa` ^u pda i a` e_]h i ]gaql ol a_e]heop d]r a j k

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]hh kr an pda ^k` u+ Eks ar an) _knna_p _koi ape_ oaha_pekj ]j `
l nkl an ]l l he_]pekj ]na r anu ei l knp]j p pk ]r ke` pda i ]og*
hega ]l l a]n]j _a %33)34&+
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bh]ca ]j u oeva kb pda l eci aj pa` o_]no) ^qp ep eo pda pat pqna kb
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eo ] i apdk` s danaej pda i ]gaql at paj ` o ^aukj ` pda
haoekj pk ej r khr a j kni ]h ogej + Meci aj p ^haj ` ej c eo ]

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l ]peaj poî j ]pqn]h ogej _khkn+ Qda qoa kb ] _ki l hei aj p]nu
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eo kj a kb pda gauo pk pda oq__aoobqh qoa kb i ]gaql pk
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l aqpe_ ogehho j kp kj hu dahl o l ]peaj po pk ]_dear a ] l koeper a
oahb*ei ]ca ^qp ]hok dahl o na` q_a ba]no ]^kqp _koi ape_
_]i kqbh]ca ]j ` a` q_]pao pdai ej pda ` ]ehu ]l l he_]pekj kb
i ]gaql + > i a` e_]h i ]gaql ol a_e]heop i ]u s kng ]o ]j
]` fqj _p pk ] l duoe_e]j îo l n]_pe_a ]j ` _ki i qj e_]pao s epd
pda i a` e_]h l anokj j ah pk ` apani ej a pda l ]peaj pîo _koi ape_
j aa` o+ Qdau odkqh` l kooaoo oaj oeper epu ]j ` j qnpqnej c mq]h*
epeao pk qj ` anop]j ` ]j ` bqhbehh l ]peaj poî j aa` o %36&+ > ckk`
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aj pena b]_a ]j ` eo ]r ]eh]^ha ej pda bkni kb ] _]ga) _na]i )
ope_g) ]j ` hkpekj + Ckqj ` ]pekj eo oqep]^ha bkn ]hh ogej pul ao
%Ceco+ . / +3 ]j ` . / +4&+ Qdana ]na bkqn ^]oe_ b]_e]h bkqj *
` ]pekj oê keh ^]oa` ) s ]pan ^]oa` ) keh bnaa) ]j ` s ]pan bnaa+
Leh ^]oa` l nk` q_po ]na ` aoecj a` bkn ` nu ogej ]j ` _na]pa ]
i keop baahej c kb pda ogej + T ]pan ^]oa` bkqj ` ]pekj o ]na caj *
an]hhu qoa` bkn j kni ]h ogej + Leh bnaa bkqj ` ]pekj o ]na qoa`
bkn kehu ogej ) ^qp pdau paj ` pk ha]r a pda ogej baahej c ` nu+
T ]pan bnaa bkqj ` ]pekj o ]na s ]panl nkkb s epd ] decd _kj _aj *
pn]pekj kb l eci aj p ueah` ej c ]j kl ]mqa _d]n]_pan pk _]i kq*
bh]ca haoekj o ^appan pd]j pda kpdan pul ao kb bkqj ` ]pekj o+
Rj bknpqj ]pahu) ] nacqh]n bkqj ` ]pekj _]j j kp _kj _a]h ^qi
o_]no) s de_d eo s du _knna_per a _koi ape_o s ana ` ar ahkl a` +
@knna_per a _koi ape_o _kj p]ej ] decdan _kj _aj pn]pekj
kb l eci aj po+ Qdau ]na s ]panl nkkb) hecdps aecdp) ]j `
_ki bknp]^ha+ Qdaoa ]na i kop abba_per a s daj ]l l hea` kr an
l eci aj pa` ]na]o ]j ` ]na ]r ]eh]^ha ej pda bkni kb ]
_na]i + Qda pa_dj emqa kb ]l l he_]pekj eo r anu ei l knp]j p ej
kn` an pk ]_dear a pda ck]h kb j ]pqn]h hkj c*h]opej c _khkn
i ]p_dej c %32)41*43&+ Eks ar an) qj hega pda bkqj ` ]pekj
pul a kb _koi ape_o) pda _knna_per a pul a eo qoa` pk _]i kq*
bh]ca l nei ]nehu kr an pda haoekj + Qda ]` r ]j p]ca kb _knna_*
per a _koi ape_o eo pd]p pdau ]na ]r ]eh]^ha ej i ]j u od]` ao+
L__]oekj ]hhu) pda ^haj ` ej c kb oar an]h od]` ao ]_dear ao
pda ^aop naoqhpo+ Eks ar an) ep eo ei l knp]j p pk nai ai ^an
pd]p ]o s epd ]hh _koi ape_o) haoo eo ^appan pd]j i kna %44&+
Pappej c l ks ` an eo pn]j ohq_aj p ]j ` aooaj pe]h pk l nar aj p
oi a]nej c ]j ` pda nq^^ej c kbb kb pda _knna_per a _koi ape_o
pdqo ]hhks ej c _knna_per a _koi ape_o pk d]r a ] hkj c*h]opej c
abba_p+ Qda pna]pa` ]na]o ]na pdqo s ]pan l nkkb ]j ` nq^
naoeop]j p %42&+ C]_e]h l ks ` an eo ]l l hea` ]bpan ]l l he_]pekj
kb i ]gaql pk l nkr e` a oi kkpdj aoo pk pda ogej + Fp ]hok
]^okn^o keh ]j ` l anol en]pekj + Fp eo ]r ]eh]^ha ej _ki l ]_p
bkni ]j ` ej pdnaa od]` ao) pd]p eo) hecdp) i a` eqi ) ]j `
` ]ng+ Fp ei l ]npo ] i ]ppa bej eod pk pda b]_a+ C]_a l ks ` an
j kp kj hu ei l nkr ao oqj l nkpa_pekj mq]hepeao ^qp ]hok
]hhks o b]_e]h l nk` q_po pk nai ]ej ej l h]_a+ Fp i ]u namqena
na]l l he_]pekj pdnkqcdkqp pda ` ]u+
Oacqh]n _koi ape_o ]na j kj kl ]mqa ]j ` ` k j kp _kj _a]h
o_]no ]j ` l eci aj p]pekj + Eks ar an) pdaoa ]na qoa` ]hkj c
s epd pda _]i kqbh]ca i ]gaql pk ]` ` _khkn ]j ` aj d]j _a
^a]qpu+ ? hqod ]` ` o r ep]hepu pk pda _daago) hel ope_g ]` ` o
_khkn pk pda hel o) ]j ` aua i ]gaql eo ]hok qoa` bkn aj d]j _a*
i aj p %33&+ Br anu l ]peaj p odkqh` qj ` anop]j ` pda pul ao kb
_koi ape_o ]r ]eh]^ha ]j ` ^a aj _kqn]ca` pk qoa pdai + Qda
gj ks ha` ca kb _koi ape_o _]j dahl a]_d l ]peaj p ei l nkr a
pdaen ok_e]h ]j ` ai kpekj ]h oa_qnepu+ > hpdkqcd _koi ape_o

) . ,

9d] RcX^] P[ P] S 4 TbcWTcXR ETR^] bcadRcX^] ^U 5 da] TS CPcXT] cb
9XVdaT ) *&.
!FTT R^ [^ a X] bTac" %>& Pet paaj *ua]n*kh` s depa
bai ]ha ^abkna _knna_per a _koi ape_o s epd dul anl eci aj pa` o_]no+
!5 " Pet paaj *ua]n*kh` bai ]ha ]bpan ]l l he_]pekj kb _knna_per a _ko*
i ape_o pk ar aj kqp ogej pkj ao+
]na i ]ej hu qoa` ^u s ki aj ) pdau ]na ]r ]eh]^ha bkn qoa ^u
i aj ]j ` _deh` naj pk _]i kqbh]ca o_]no ]j ` l eci aj p]pekj
_d]j cao %Ceco+ . / +5 ]j ` . / +6&+ T ki aj qoa _koi ape_o ` ]ehu
pk aj d]j _a pdaen l duoe_]h ]l l a]n]j _a+ Fp eo ei l knp]j p pd]p
pdaoa _]i kqbh]ca pa_dj emqao bep pda l ]peaj pîo hebaopuha %4. &+
9XVdaT ) *&/
!FTT R^ [^ a X] bTac" %> & Ckqnpaaj *ua]n*kh` ^h]_g
bai ]ha s epd dul anl eci aj pa` ]na]o kr an b]_e]h nacekj ^abkna _kn*
na_per a i ]gaql + !5 " P]i a l ]peaj p ]bpan i ej ei ]h ]l l he_]pekj kb
_knna_per a _koi ape_o+
J aj ) ` qa pk k^r ekqo ` eo]` r ]j p]cao oq_d ]o b]_e]h d]en)
paj ` j kp pk qoa _]i kqbh]ca pa_dj emqao+ J ]gaql bkn i aj
namqenao ] i kna ej pne_]pa ]l l nk]_d) ]j ` eb l nkl anhu i kper *
]pa` ]j ` ej opnq_pa` ) i ]ha l ]peaj po ^a_ki a _ki bknp]^ha
qoej c pdaoa pkl e_]h ]e` o+ J ]gaql ej _deh` naj ) kj pda
kpdan d]j ` ) odkqh` ^a hei epa` pk ]o heppha ]o l kooe^ha pk
i ]ej p]ej pda ]l l a]n]j _a kb ] j kni ]h _deh` + Fj na]hepu)
dana) haoo eo ^appan+

@P] PVT\ T] c ^U CXV\ T] cPcX^] 6 WP] VTb X] 5 da] CPcXT] cb
) . -
9XVdaT ) *&0
!FTT R^ [^ a X] bTac" %> & Pet paaj *ua]n*kh` s depa
i ]ha s epd b]_e]h dul kl eci aj p] pekj + !5 " P]i a l ]peaj p ]bpan
_knna_per a i ]gaql +
9XVdaT ) *&1
!FTT R^ [^ a X] bTac" %> & Par aj paaj *ua]n*kh` ^h]_g
bai ]ha s epd dul anl eci aj pa` ^qi o_]no kr an b]_e]h nacekj +
!5 " P]i a l ]peaj p s epd _knna_per a i ]gaql +
I &
F HE : <6 4 ? G; 8 E 4 CL
4 &
CaX\ Pah 8 gRXbX^ ]
*'
< dSXfe
Fb pda haoekj eo r anu oi ]hh) pda dul anl eci aj pa` o_]n _]j ^a
at _eoa` ]j ` pda s kqj ` _hkoa` l nei ]nehu+ J k` an]pa*oeva
o_]no _]j ^a oane]hhu at _eoa` s daj pda oqnnkqj ` ej c peooqa
eo j kni ]h ]j ` ah]ope_+ I k_]h ]` r ]j _ai aj p ]j ` nkp]pekj
bh]l o _]j ]hok ^a qoa` s daj oqbbe_eaj p oqnnkqj ` ej c ogej
l ani epo pda l nk_a` qna+ Qda ck]h eo ahei ej ]pekj kb pda dul an*
l eci aj pa` nacekj o s epd ]o heppha o_]nnej c ]o l kooe^ha %45&+

) . .

9d] RcX^] P[ P] S 4 TbcWTcXR ETR^] bcadRcX^] ^U 5 da] TS CPcXT] cb
Qda at _eoekj kb l eci aj pa` o_]no ]j ` naoqnb]_ej c s epd
ogej cn]bpo eo neogu+ Fi l nkr ai aj p pk ]l l a]n]j _a i ]u j kp
^a cq]n]j paa` + Q]g]k ]j ` Fok %46& j kpa` pd]p at _eoekj
]j ` naoqnb]_ej c kb ` aba_po s epd ol hep*pde_gj aoo ogej cn]bpo
d]r a qj b]r kn]^ha naoqhpo ` qa pk _kj pkqn ` abkni epu ]j `
` kj kn oepa i kn^e` epu %46&+ Kaa` haoo pk o]u) l kopcn]bp
dul anl eci aj p]pekj eo opehh l kooe^ha+
Aani ]^n]oekj eo pda oqnce_]h l nk_aoo ^u s de_d pda
oql anbe_e]h h]uano kb pda ogej ]na nai kr a` ^u o]j ` ej c ]j `
qoej c i kpkn ` ner aj ` ani ]^n]` an s epd ] ` e]i kj ` kn
_kj e_]h ^qnn+ Fp eo qoa` pk ]^n]` a o_]no s epd ennacqh]n oqn*
b]_ao ej ]j ]ppai l p pk l nk` q_a ] i kna ar aj oqnb]_a+ Qdeo
l nk_aoo nai kr ao pda al e` ani eo ]j ` oql anbe_e]h ` ani eo ]p
]j ` ]^kr a pda har ah kb pda l ]l ehh]nu ` ani eo+ M]qh Hqnpej
ej Kas Vkng benop ej pnk` q_a` pda _kj _al p kb ` ani ]^n]oekj
]^kqp 2- ua]no ]ck+ Kkni ]j Lnaj pnae_d ]j ` Gei ? qnga
bqnpdan nabej a` deo pa_dj emqa+ Qki > hp ej pnk` q_a` pda
` e]i kj ` bn]eva ]j ` Gkdj V]n^knkqcd ej pnk` q_a` pda
s ena ^nqod+ Aani ]^n]oekj d]o ^aaj odks j pk ^a ] l ks anbqh
naoqnb]_ej c pna]pi aj p ej o_]n i ]j ]cai aj p %5- )5. &+ Qda
]` r ]j p]ca kb ` ani ]^n]oekj eo pd]p pda ` al pd kb ]^n]oekj
eo _kj pnkhh]^ha ]j ` pd]p ep cer ao ] qj ebkni oqnb]_a s epd
l ha]oej c naoqhpo) l ]npe_qh]nhu ej pda ]aopdape_ b]_e]h qj epo+
Qda ` eo]` r ]j p]cao ej _hq` a l kooe^ha _khkn i eoi ]p_d+
> j kpdan _ki i kj _ki l he_]pekj _]j ^a l kop` ani ]^n]oekj
i ehe]+
5&
GaTPc\ T] c ^U ; h_Ta_XV\ T] cPcX^] ^U
FZX] : aPUcb
I ]cnkp ap ]h+ %5/ & ej . 63- ^ahear a` pd]p b]_pkno oq_d ]o
at l koqna pk pda oqj ) ej ]` ` epekj pk dkni kj ]h b]_pkno)
ej _na]oa` l eci aj p]pekj ej bnaa cn]bpo+ I knaj ck ]hok oql *
l knpa` pda dul kpdaoeo kb I anj an pd]p pdana eo ] nah]pekj odel
^aps aaj naej j anr ]pekj kb pda cn]bpo ]j ` dul anl eci aj p]pekj
oej _a _qp]j akqo j anr a aj ` ej co _]j d]r a at _aooer a l nk*
` q_pekj kb i ah]j ej +
E ul anl eci aj p]pekj oaaj ]bpan ]l l he_]pekj kb cn]bpo
k__qno oki apei ao ej ol epa kb _]nabqh oaha_pekj kb ` kj kn
oepa+ Qda l eci aj p]pekj _d]j cao s de_d k__qn _kj opepqpa
] i ]fkn ]aopdape_ l nk^hai + Qoqg]` ] %50& ej deo opq` eao kj
l eci aj p]pekj kb ogej cn]bpo bkqj ` pd]p gan]pej k_upao
kb dul anl eci aj pa` ogej cn]bpo d]r a ej _na]oa` j qi ^ano
kb h]nca) ` aal hu l eci aj pa` i ah]j koki ao s daj _ki l ]na`
pk pda ogej cn]bpo s de_d ` e` j kp dul anl eci aj p+ Lpdan
b]_pkno naol kj oe^ha bkn l eci aj p]pekj _d]j cao ej pdaoa
cn]bpo ]na ` qa pk ]hpan]pekj o ej i ah]j k_upa _kj pnkh bkhhks *
ej c pda naej j anr ]pekj kb cn]bpo+ Ea _kj _hq` a` pd]p ep eo ^aop
pk pna]p dul anl eci aj pa` l ]p_dao kj _a pda cn]bp eo bqhhu
naej j anr ]pa` +
Eul anl eci aj p]pekj kb pda cn]bpa` ogej i ]u ]hok ^a ` qa
pk oar an]h kpdan b]_pkno) j ]i ahu okh]n at l koqna) n]_e]h l na*
` eol koepekj ) ]j ` cn]bp _kj pn]_pekj %30&+ @kj s ]u ]j ` Pa` ]n
%51& oqccaopa` pd]p _kj pn]_pekj kb pda cn]bp naoqhpa` ej ]
_hkoan ]l l nkt ei ]pekj kb pda i ah]j ej l ]npe_hao s epdej ep
%51&+ Qoqg]` ] %50& bkqj ` pd]p dul anl eci aj p]pekj s ]o
]hok ` qa pk ]j at _aooer a) kr an]_per a) ]j ` l anoeopaj p
]__qi qh]pekj kb pda i ah]j ej _kj paj p ej pdaoa cn]bpo+ Ea
oqccaopa` pd]p pdeo i ]u naoqhp bnki ]hpana` i ah]j k_upa
_kj pnkh bkhhks ej c naej j anr ]pekj + Qda _khkn]pekj kb ] ogej
cn]bp ]l l a]no pk ^a nacqh]pa` j kp kj hu ^u pda i ah]j kcaj *
aoeo ^qp ]hok ^u qj gj ks j abba_po bnki naej j anr ]pekj kb
pda cn]bp+ Fp d]o ^aaj gj ks j pd]p ol hep*pde_gj aoo ogej
cn]bpo d]r a ] cna]pan paj ` aj _u pk ` ar ahkl ]^j kni ]h l ec*
i aj p]pekj pd]j bqhh*pde_gj aoo ogej cn]bpo+
T daj ol hep*pde_gj aoo ogej cn]bpo ]na nad]nr aopa` bnki ]
` kj kn oepa) dul anl eci aj p]pekj kb pda oa_kj ` cn]bp i ]u ^a
haoo+ J qhpel ha cn]bp d]nr aopo oaai pk l nar aj p i ah]j ej
dul anl eci aj p]pekj kb pda cn]bp ]o pda ]i kqj p kb i ah]j ej
l eci aj p eo pdkqcdp pk ^a haoo pd]j ej pda j kni ]h ogej
%05)15&+ Eks ar an) ` a*al epdahev]pekj ogej cn]bpo d]r a j kp
^aaj e` a]h _ki l ]na` pk pda ` a_khkneva` l nar ekqo ` kj kn
]na] %52&+ Fp eo qj _ha]n ]o pk s dapdan dul anl eci aj pa`
ogej cn]bpo pna]pa` s epd ` ani ]^n]oekj s epd kn s epdkqp kr an*
cn]bpej c ]na kb ^aj abep+
6 &
GaTPc\ T] c ^U ; h_^_XV\ T] cPcX^] 6 WP] VTb
@kj oe` anej c pd]p pda al e` ani eo ` ]i ]ca` ej ^qnj ej fqneao
naoqhpo ej ` aopnq_pekj kb i ah]j k_upao) dul kl eci aj p]pekj
eo ] l daj ki aj kj oaaj haoo pd]j dul anl eci aj p]pekj +
Eks ar an) s daj l naoaj p) l ]npe_qh]nhu ej l ]peaj po kb _khkn)
dul kl eci aj p]pekj eo l duoe_]hhu opnegej c+ Qk ]` ` naooej c
pdeo l nk^hai pdana ]na j kj oqnce_]h kl pekj o ]j ` oqnce_]h
kl pekj o+ Qda oqnce_]h i apdk` o ej pna]pej c dul kl eci aj pa`
]na]o ]na oei eh]n pk pdkoa kqphej a` ej pda i ]j ]cai aj p kb
dul anl eci aj p]pekj ]j ` s ehh j kp ^a naepan]pa` + Eks ar an)
pda _kj _al p kb ` ani ]^n]oekj ]j ` kr ancn]bpej c s ehh ^a
` eo_qooa` +
*'
Ca` egdY[US^ Dbf[a` e
B [Udab[Y_ W` fSf[a` "I Sffaa[` Y#
Q]ppkkej c ej i a` e_]h pani ej khkcu eo ` abej a` ]o ]
l nk_aoo kb l ani ]j aj p ` al koepekj kb _khkn b]op l eci aj p
ej pk pda ogej + Qda pn]` epekj ]h p]ppkk s ]o benop op]npa` ^u
G]l ]j aoa ej pda . 4pd _aj pqnu ]j ` s ]o gj ks j ]o l ]ej pej c
kn ^k` u ` a_kn]pekj + J a` e_]h p]ppkkej c ` ]pao ^]_g pk . 502
s daj ep s ]o qoa` bkn _kj caj ep]h l qnl ha l h]mqao+ > hpdkqcd
pda l kl qh]n ` a_kn]per a p]ppkkej c eo kbpaj _ki l hapa` ej kj a
oaooekj ) pda i a` e_]h p]ppkk namqenao i kna ogehh ]j ` )
k__]oekj ]hhu) i qhpel ha oaooekj o pk ]_dear a ] j ]pqn]h
od]` a+ J a` e_]h p]ppkkej c eo pei a _kj oqi ej c ^qp pda
naoqhpo ]na nai ]ng]^ha %/ 5)03)21)53)54&+ Qda l n]_pe_a kb
i a` e_]h p]ppkko s ]o benop l kl qh]neva` ^u r ]j ` an S ah` aj
s dk ha]nj a` pdeo pa_dj emqa bnki pda pn]` epekj ]h G]l ]j aoa
i ]opan Eknegaj ej pda a]nhu . 65- o+ Pej _a pdaj ) r ]j ` an
S ah` aj ]j ` kpdano d]r a opq` ea` epo i a` e_]h ]j ` _koi ape_

@P] PVT\ T] c ^U CXV\ T] cPcX^] 6 WP] VTb X] 5 da] CPcXT] cb

) . /
]ol a_po %55*6- &+ Fj . 651) r ]j ` an S ah` aj nabej a` pda ]np kb
p]ppkkej c s daj da ]l l hea` pdeo pa_dj emqa pk pna]p dul kl ec*
i aj pa` ]na]o ej ^qnj l ]peaj po+ J qhpel ha oaooekj o s ana
namqena` ]o _ki l ]na` pk pda l kl qh]n ` a_kn]per a p]ppkkej c
s de_d s ]o kbpaj _ki l hapa` ej kj a oaooekj + Q]ppkkej c l nk*
r e` ao ] o]ba ]j ` nahe]^ha ]hpanj ]per a i apdk` kb nal eci aj p*
ej c dul kl eci aj pa` ]na]o+ Qda _qnnaj p ouopai _kj oeopo kb
]j aha_pne_ p]ppkkej c i ]_dej a s epd ] _hqopan kb 0*. 5
j aa` hao oap bkn ] ` al pd ]j ` i ]t ei qi ol aa` + Kkj ]hhancaj e_
enkj kt e` a l eci aj p eo p]ppkka` ej pk pda ogej ^u i a]j o kb ]
decd*ol aa` na_el nk_]pej c ` nehh+ Qdeo ]l l ]n]pqo _kj oeopo kb ]
i ]ej qj ep pk s de_d ] d]j ` l ea_a amqel l a` s epd ] j aa` ha
dkh` an pel ]j ` ] bkkp l a` ]h pk ]_per ]pa pda d]j ` l ea_a _]j
^a l hqcca` ej + Qda ]na] pk ^a p]ppkka` eo i ]nga` + Qda
` al pd kb j aa` ha l aj apn]pekj _]j ^a ]` fqopa` bnki . pk
. +42 i i + Qda _hqopan kb j aa` hao ]na ` el l a` ej pk pda
l eci aj p ]j ` s epd pn]_pekj kb pda ogej pda j aa` ha l aj apn]pao
]p 12Ü ]j cha+ > p pdeo oappej c pda l eci aj p l aj apn]pao pk pda
har ah kb pda ` ani eo+ Daj pha ql ]j ` ` ks j i kpekj eo nal a]pa`
qj peh ] h]uan kb l eci aj p capo ` al koepa` ej pda ogej + Qda
bkn_a ]l l hea` ` al aj ` o kj pda beni j aoo ]j ` pde_gj aoo kb
pda ogej ^aej c p]ppkka` + > ` nu c]qva eo qoa` pk s el a
]s ]u pda at _aoo l eci aj p ]j ` ]hok pk oaa pda qj ebkni epu
kb pda l eci aj p ` qnej c pda l nk_a` qna+ Qda l eci aj po qoa`
]na ej anp) _khknb]op) ]j ` nai ]ej ej pda ogej l ani ]j aj phu+
Qda i et pqna kb l eci aj p _kj p]ej o enkj kt e` a ej ] chu_ankh
]j ` ]h_kdkh ^]oa+ @khkn oaha_pekj eo i ]` a ^u ] _khkn
_d]np l nakl an]per ahu+ > _khkn ` ]ngan pd]j pda j ]pqn]h ogej
pkj a eo oki apei ao na_ki i aj ` a` pk i ej ei eva pda j aa`
bkn nal a]pej c pda pna]pi aj p ]o l eci aj po i ]u b]` a kr an
pei a+ Q]ppkkej c eo ]l l he_]^ha ej pna]pej c b]_e]h dul kl ec*
i aj pa` haoekj o kn p]ppkkej c kb pda j el l ha _ki l hat + Qda
]` r ]j p]ca eo pd]p s daj _khkn ^haj ` ej c eo ]` ` naooa` ) p]ppkk*
ej c d]o heppha _kj pn]op s epd pda oqnnkqj ` ej c ogej + I koo kb
oki a l eci aj p qoq]hhu k__qno) s epd i ]t ei qi b]` ej c
j kpa` ^u 3 s aago+ Qda ` al pd kb l eci aj p ei l h]j p]pekj
` al aj ` o kj pda pul a kb ogej ]j ` namqenao ` ebbanaj p
]i kqj po kb bkn_a pk ]_dear a l eci aj p ei l h]j p]pekj + Q]ppkk*
ej c ` kao j kp _]qoa ej ba_pekj o) ]hhancu) kn _uop bkni ]pekj + Fp
l nkr e` ao ] nahe]^ha i apdk` kb nal eci aj p]pekj s epd r anu
heppha ` ai ]n_]pekj ^aps aaj pda vkj ao kb pna]pi aj p ]j `
j kni ]h ogej + Qda ` eo]` r ]j p]cao) dks ar an) ]na pk ^a
j kpa` + Eul anl eci aj p]pekj ` qa pk l kkn oaha_pekj kb l ec*
i aj po ]j ` ) ]o j kpa` ) nal a]p l nk_a` qnao ` qa pk b]` ej c kb
l eci aj po ]na _ki i kj +
CSfgdS^ 9 kWe
K]pks %6. & ` ao_ne^a` daj j ] ]o kj a kb pda kh` aop _ko*
i ape_ l nk` q_p qoa` ]o ] _khknej c ]caj p bkn d]en+ Fp eo ]hok
qoa` ]o kj a kb pda _ki l kj aj po ej ] r ]neapu kb od]i l kko
]j ` _kj ` epekj ano+ Qdeo bkni kb _khknej c eo qoa` at paj oer ahu
^u r ]nekqo _ki i qj epeao pk _khkn pdaen ogej bkn ei l knp]j p
_anai kj eao+ E aj j ] eo ]r ]eh]^ha ej ] cnaaj eod l ks ` an
bkni i ]` a bnki pda ha]r ao kb pda ASi ea` [S S^TS %. 6&+ Fp
eo i et a` s epd s ]pan pk bkni ] l ]opa+ Qda l ]opa eo ]l l hea`
pk pda ogej ]j ` d]en+ Fp eo ] j kj l ani ]j aj p ` ua pd]p ha]r ao
] hecdp ^nks j ` eo_khkn]pekj bkn ]^kqp 1 *3 s aago+ S ]ne]pekj
ej l eci aj p]pekj _]j ^a ]_dear a` ^u ]hpanej c pda haj cpd kb
pei a pda l eci aj p nai ]ej o ej _kj p]_p s epd pda ogej +
Eks ar an) Dql p] ap ]h+ %6/ & d]r a j kpa` dul anoaj oeper epu
]j ` l eci aj p b]` ej c ]bpan 1 *3 s aago+
I ab[US^ Ha^gf[a` e
O]uj an %31& qoa` pkl e_]h okhqpekj kb ` edu` nkt u ]_apkj a
]j ` l kp]ooeqi l ani ]j c]j ]pa %. 7. - )- - - & okhqpekj bkn pai *
l kn]nu ei l nkr ai aj p kb dul kl eci aj pa` haoekj o+ Pej _a pdeo
okhqpekj l eci aj po kj hu pda al e` ani ]h gan]pej ) ep oda` o bnki
pda al e` ani eo s epdej ] 4*` ]u pei a l anek` + Ea bkqj ` pdaoa
]caj po pk l nkr e` a kj hu pai l kn]nu ei l nkr ai aj p+ Deh_dnaop
]j ` Dkh` s uj %06& qoa` i apdkt o]haj . " okhqpekj ej _ki *
^ej ]pekj s epd RS hecdp at l koqna bkn i k` an]pa nal eci aj p]*
pekj + Qdeo okhqpekj eo pk ^a ]l l hea` pkl e_]hhu / - i ej l nekn pk
RS hecdp at l koqna kj ]hpanj ]per a ` ]uo bkn / *3 i kj pdo+
Oal eci aj p]pekj s ]o j kpa` ej dul kl eci aj pa` ]na]o+ Fj
]` ` epekj pk pdeo pna]pi aj p) da ]hok oqccaopa` pda ]l l he*
_]pekj kb ] oqj o_naaj ) 2" M> ? > kej pi aj p) l nekn pk
j ]pqn]h oqj hecdp at l koqna pk l nar aj p oqj ^qnj + Cepvl ]pne_g
]j ` Pv]^k %/ 2& nal knpa` pda opei qh]pknu abba_p kb i apdkt *
o]haj kj al e` ani ]h i ah]j kcaj aoeo+ M]peaj po pna]pa` s epd
i apdkt o]haj ]j ` RS hecdp d]` i k` an]pa nal eci aj p]pekj +
Kas l eci aj p]pekj s ]o j kpa` ]p pda l anel danu ]j ` oi ]hh
^nks j ol kpo s epdej pda dul kl eci aj pa` nacekj + Ea ]hok
bahp pd]p pda o]bapu kb pdaoa i a` e_]pekj o fqopebeao pdaen qoa
ej ]j ]l l nkl ne]pa _hej e_]h oappej c+ Qk ` ]pa) pdana ]na j k
at paj oer a opq` eao qpehevej c pdaoa ]caj po ej ^qi l ]peaj po+
DdS^ EeadS^W` e
Dnei ao %60& oqccaopa` pd]p kn]h l okn]haj o i ecdp ^a
s knpds deha ej pda pna]pi aj p kb r anu oi ]hh dul kl eci aj pa`
o_]no ]j ` d]en bkhhe_hao j a]n^u+ Mokn]haj o nal eci aj po dul k*
l eci aj pa` ogej ^u ej ` q_ej c pda i ecn]pekj kb i ah]j k_upao
bnki j kni ]hhu l eci aj pa` d]en bkhhe_hao ]j ` ^u ej _na]oej c
i ah]j kcaj aoeo+ Oal eci aj p]pekj eo ] ohks l nk_aoo ]j `
namqenao ] l nkpa_pa` l anek` kb pna]pi aj p+ Mokn]haj o odkqh`
^a p]gaj . */ dkqno l nekn pk RS *> at l koqna+ Qs e_a
s aaghu pna]pi aj p eo cer aj qj peh nal eci aj p]pekj k__qno+
I <&
FHE: <6 4 ? GE8 4 G@8 AG
Qda oqnce_]h pna]pi aj p kb dul kl eci aj p]pekj ej oki a ]na]o
l ]n]hhaho pd]p ej pda i ]j ]cai aj p kb dul anl eci aj pa` o_]no+
Bt _eoekj ]j ` naoqnb]_ej c kb pda ]na] s epd aepdan ol hep pde_g*
j aoo ogej cn]bpo kn bqhh*pde_gj aoo ogej cn]bpo kbpaj ha]` o pk
ei l nkr ai aj p %Cec+ . / +. - &+ Eks ar an) oki a ]na]o ` ebban+

) . 0

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9XVdaT ) *&) (
!FTT R^ [^ a X] bTac" %> & Cebpaaj *ua]n*kh` E eol ]*
j e_ bai ]ha s epd bknada]` dul kl eci aj p] pekj s epd l anel dan]h
dul anl eci aj p]pekj ]bpan l ]npe]h*pde_gj aoo ^qi ej fqnu+ %? & Kej a
i kj pdo ]bpan at _eoekj ]j ` cn]bpej c kb d] hb kb pda bknada] ` s epd
] bqhh*pde_gj aoo ogej cn]bp8 _khkn i ]p_d j kp l anba_p ^qp ei l nkr a`
kr an l nakl an]per a ]l l a]n]j _a8 j k _knna_per a i ]gaql qoa` +
4 &
: aPUcb
? ehhej cd]i ]j ` Pehr ano %61& odks a` pd]p l eci aj p]pekj _]j
naoqhp bnki pda i ecn]pekj kb i ah]j k^h]opo ]j ` i ah]j k_upao
bnki l eci aj pa` cn]bpo ej pk pda oqnnkqj ` ej c dul kl eci aj pa`
]na]o ej pda cqej a] l ec+ C]h]^ahh] %14& odks a` ] oei eh]n
bkni kb l eci aj p]pekj s daj da qoa` al e` ani eo k^p]ej a`
^u oq_pekj ]j ` nabanna` ep ]o ]j ëat paj oekj kb l eci aj pí +
Pei eh]nhu) Lnaj pnae_d ]j ` Pahi ]j ks epv %0/ & odks a` pd]p
l qj _d cn]bpo pn]j obanna` pk ] dul kl eci aj pa` ]na] l nk` q_a`
] d]hk kb l eci aj p ]nkqj ` pda cn]bpa` l ea_a kb ogej ) nabanna`
pk ]o ël eci aj p ol na]` l daj ki aj kj +í
Qda i ej ecn]bp i apdk` eo ^]oa` kj pda ]^ehepu kb i ah]j k*
_upao pk i ecn]pa _aj pnebqc]hhu bnki cn]bpo ej pk dul kl ec*
i aj pa` ogej pk l nk` q_a l eci aj p]pekj + Fp eo qoa` bkn oi ]hh
dul kl eci aj pa` ^qnj ]na]o+ Qda ]` r ]j p]ca kb pdeo
pa_dj emqa eo i ej ei ]h o_]nnej c ej ^kpd pda ` kj kn ]j ` pda
na_el eaj p oepao+ Fp eo ] oei l ha kbbe_a l nk_a` qna s dana
cn]bpo . */ i i ej ` e]i apan kb oql anbe_e]h ol hep*pde_gj aoo
cn]bpo _]j ^a p]gaj + Eks ar an) l ]p_du l eci aj p]pekj eo
_ki i kj +
Mqj _d cn]bpo ]na bqhh*pde_gj aoo cn]bpo ]j ` p]gaj ^u qoej c
] l qj _d pk _qp cn]bpo ]^kqp 1 i i ej ` e]i apan ` ks j pk b]p+
Qda dul kl eci aj pa` na_el eaj p oepa ej pk s de_d pda cn]bpo
s kqh` ^a pn]j ol h]j pa` s ]o ]hok l nal ]na` s epd ] l qj _d+
Dn]bpo nap]ej a` pdaen l eci aj p]pekj ]j ` l eci aj p ol na]`
s ]o k^oanr a` ]nkqj ` pda cn]bpo pk ]^kqp pdnaa pk bkqn
pei ao pda ` e]i apan kb pda cn]bpo+ L naj pnae_d ]j `
Pahi ]j ks epv %0/ & ei l h]j pa` l qj _d ]qpk cn]bpo bnki j kn*
i ]hhu l eci aj pa` ogej ej pk dul kl eci aj pa` ogej ]j `
k^oanr a` l eci aj p]pekj ]nkqj ` pda cn]bpo+ Qdeo pa_dj emqa
s ]o bqnpdan nabej a` ^u C]h]^ahh] %02& s dk nal knpa` 6- *
. - -" nal eci aj p]pekj ej deo _]oao+ Eks ar an) h]nca
j qi ^ano kb l qj _d ^ekl ou o]i l hao ]na namqena` pk _kr an
oev]^ha ]na]o+ Qda ` kj kn oepa i ]u d]r a ] _k^^ha opkj a
]l l a]n]j _a ]j ` d]nr aopej c ]j ` ei l h]j pej c eo pei a _kj oqi *
ej c+
M]p_du l eci aj p]pekj namqenao bqnpdan oqnce_]h
ej panr aj pekj +
Eul kl eci aj p]pekj i ]u ^a pna]pa` s epd ` ani ]^n]oekj
]j ` kr ancn]bpej c+ Aani ]^n]oekj eo ]j ]^n]oer a l nk_a` qna
pk nai kr a pda al e` ani eo ]j ` oql anbe_e]h ` ani eo naoqhpej c
ej ] oi kkpdej c kb _kj pkqn ennacqh]nepeao+ > r anu pdej
ol hep*pde_gj aoo ogej cn]bp eo d]nr aopa` ]j ` ]l l hea` pk pda
` ani ]^n]` a` ^a` ]j ` ei i k^eheva` s epd ` naooej c %62)63&+
Qda ` naooej c eo qoq]hhu p]gaj ` ks j kj pda bebpd l kopkl an]*
per a ` ]u+ Qda ` kj kn oepa da]ho ej ] s aag+ Qda bej ]h o_]no kj
pda na_el eaj p ]na]o ]na qoq]hhu oi kkpd ]j ` ` kj kn oepa i kn*
^e` epu eo i ej ei ]h+ E ul kl eci aj p]pekj eo qoq]hhu _knna_pa` +
E ks ar an) pda l nk_a` qna _]j ^a nal a]pa` oar an]h pei ao
eb j aa` a` + H]dj ]j ` @kdaj %/ . & ]j ` Dnkr an ]j ` J knc]j
%. 6& d]r a odks j pd]p ej _hqoekj _uopo i ]u ` ar ahkl ^aps aaj
/ ]j ` 3 s aago ]bpan pda l nk_a` qna+ Ppal daj o %5. & d]o odks j
pd]p l napna]pi aj p s epd pkl e_]h pnapej kej _na]i bkn 1 *3
s aago ` a_na]oao pda ej _e` aj _a kb l kop` ani ]^n]oekj
i ehe]+ Dnkr an ]j ` J knc]j %. 6& d]r a ` eo_qooa` pda ` ebbe_qh*
peao kb pdeo pa_dj emqa) l ]npe_qh]nhu ej pda da]` ]j ` j a_g
nacekj ) s dana ] l na_eoa _khkn i ]p_d eo namqena` + Qda
a` cao kb cn]bp ]j ` pda j kni ]h oqnnkqj ` ej c ogej ]na ` eopej _p
ej i ]gej c pdeo i apdk` haoo oqep]^ha bkn b]_e]h pna]pi aj p+ Qk
kr an_ki a pdeo l nk^hai ) E ]n]odej ] ap ]h+ %64&) qpeheva` pda
pa_dj emqa kb _del cn]bpej c ^]oa` kj pda ]^ehepu kb i ah]j k*
_upao pk i ecn]pa ]j ` nal eci aj p ogej + T epd pdeo pa_dj emqa) ]
oi ]hh ol hep*pde_gj aoo ogej cn]bp eo p]gaj + Fp eo l ]ooa`
pdnkqcd pda ogej cn]bp i aodan ps e_a ]j ` oq^oamqaj phu _qp
ej pk r anu oi ]hh l ea_ao+ Qda naoqhpej c _del ) s de_d hkkgo hega
i q` ) eo ol na]` ar aj hu kr an pda ` ani ]^n]` a` ]na] ]j `
_kr ana` s epd j kj ]` danaj p kej pi aj p c]qva+ Fp d]o pda ]` r ]j *
p]ca ej pd]p ] s e` a ]na] _]j ^a cn]bpa` bnki ] oi ]hh ` kj kn
oepa+ Fj ]` ` epekj ) pda ^kn` anhej a ^aps aaj pda j kni ]h ogej
]j ` pda _del ogej i ]u ^a haoo _kj ol e_qkqo+ Akj kn ` abkni *
epu eo n]na ^a_]qoa kb pda pdej ol hep*pde_gj aoo cn]bpo s de_d

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(A) Figure 12.6 (A) Sixteen-year-old white female before corrective cosmetics with hyperpigmented scars. (B) Sixteen-year-old female after application of cor- rective cosmetics to even out skin tones. Figure 12.8 (A) Sixteen-year-old white male with facial hypopigmentation. (B) Same patient after corrective makeup. Figure 12.7 (A) Fourteen-year-old black female with hyperpigmented areas over facial region before corrective makeup. (B) Same patient after minimal application of corrective cosmetics. Figure 12.9 (A) Seventeen-year-old black female with hyperpigmented burn scars over facial region. (B) Same patient with corrective makeup.

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oepa+ Cej ]h o_]no ]na nal knpa` hu ar aj ]j ` oi kkpd+ Qdeo
pa_dj emqa eo r anu qoabqh ej pda pna]pi aj p kb b]_e]h dul k*
l eci aj pa` l ]p_dao+
C]h]^ahh] %14& ]j ` Hkc] ap ]h+ %65&) d]r a nal knpa` nal ec*
i aj p]pekj kb pda ogej ej r epeheck l ]peaj po qoej c ]qpkhkckqo
al e` ani eo ^u oq_pekj ^heopan i apdk` +
Heeop]h] %66&) ej
. 635) qoa` pda oq_pekj ^heopan ` ar e_a bkn oal ]n]pej c pda al e*
` ani eo bnki pda ` ani eo+ Ch]^ahh]) ej . 64. ) ej deo knecej ]h
]npe_ha) qoa` pda pkl o kb oq_pekj ^heopano bkn pna]pi aj p kb
` al eci aj pa` ogej ej _hq` ej c ^qnj o+ Fj . 655) Hkc]) qoej c
] i k` ebe_]pekj kb pdeo l nk_a` qna) nai kr a` ] ^heopan
ej ` q_a` ^u ] _ki ^ej ]pekj kb i apdkt o]haj l hqo RS *> +
Qdnaa ` ]uo l nekn pk oqncanu pda ` kj kn oepa eo ]hok ^heopana` +
Qdeo ouopai eo qoa` pk _na]pa j ac]per a l naooqna pd]p s ehh
^heopan pda al e` ani eo ^aps aaj pda ^]o]h _ahh i ai ^n]j a
s epd i ah]j k_upao ]j ` pda ^]oai aj p i ai ^n]j a+ Qda
]` r ]j p]ca kb al e` ani ]h cn]bpo eo pda pkp]h ]^oaj _a kb o_]n*
nej c ej ^kpd ` kj kn ]j ` na_el eaj p oepao+ Qda ` ani eo nai ]ej o
qj d]ni a` + Kk ]j aopdaoe] eo namqena` + Fj ]` ` epekj ) pda
cn]bpa` ]na] cer ao ] hecdpan ]l l a]n]j _a ]o pda opn]pqi
_ki aqi ^a_ki ao ` ap]_da` kj _a pda cn]bp d]o p]gaj
s ahh+ Qda ` eo]` r ]j p]ca eo pda hei ep]pekj kb ]na]o bkn caj an*
]pej c oq_pekj ^heopan pdkqcd ]^` ki aj ]j ` pdecdo ]na
kbpaj qoa` + Pq^op]j pe]h pei a eo namqena` pk l anbkni pda l nk*
_a` qna ]j ` naopne_pa` ]_per epu eo na_ki i aj ` a` + Qda l nk*
_a` qna eo _ki l he_]pa` ]j ` pda ` ahe_]_u kb d]j ` hej c
bhei ou al e` ani ]h odaapo i ]gao ep ar aj i kna ` ebbe_qhp+
Qda l eci aj p ol na]` eo j kp qj ebkni ]j ` pda h]_g kb ]aopdape_
eo ] i ]fkn _ki l h]ej p+
? nuog ap ]h+ %/ 6&) d]r a qoa` _qhpqna` _ahho bnki l eci aj *
pa` ogej pk nal eci aj p dul kl eci aj pa` ogej ej r epeheck
l ]peaj po+ Bt l anei aj po d]r a ^aaj pnea` ^u I k^qkj k ]j `
Pd]pej %. - - & s dana pda pn]j ol h]j p]pekj kb i ah]j k_upao
bnki pda j kni ]h ogej s ]o _qhpqna` ]j ` ]l l hea` kr an
]bba_pa` ]na]o ]bpan ` ani ]^n]oekj ) s epd ckk` naoqhpo %. - . &+
Qda pa_dj emqa kb i ah]j k_upa _qhpqna ]j ` cn]bpej c d]o
odks j l nki eoej c naoqhpo ej pda i ]j ]cai aj p kb r epeheck+
? qp epo r ]hqa ej pda pna]pi aj p kb ^qi dul kl eci aj pa`
]na]o d]o uap pk ^a aop]^heoda` +
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d]r a ]hok ^aaj qoa` pk ]` ` naoo dul kl eci aj p]pekj + Qda
_]n^kj ` ekt e` a h]oan ]ooeopa` ` ani ]^n]oekj ]j ` kr ancn]bp*
ej c d]o ^aaj ` ao_ne^a` ^u > _egah ap ]h+ %54&) s epd ckk`
naoqhpo+ Eks ar an) pda l nk_a` qna eo pei a _kj oqi ej c ]j `
_kopo ]na decd+ Eks ar an) ] oi kkpd) ^hkk` haoo oqnb]_a _]j
^a k^p]ej a` ej ] r anu odknp l anek` kb pei a+
I <<&
GE8 4 G@8 AG B9 <@@4 GHE8
; LC8 EGEBC; <6 E8 7 F6 4 EF
Bnupdai ]pkqo dul anpnkl de_ ^qi o_]no nal naoaj p ] i kop
_d]hhaj cej c ]ol a_p ej pda pna]pi aj p kb ^qnj l ]peaj po
@P] PVT\ T] c ^U CXV\ T] cPcX^] 6 WP] VTb X] 5 da] CPcXT] cb

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bai ]ha s epd ei i ]pqna na` dul anpnkl de_ o_]no+
%Cec+ . / +. . &+ Qdaoa o_]no ]na ] _kj oamqaj _a kb ej fqnu pk
pda nape_qh]n l knpekj kb pda ` ani eo+ J ]j u b]_pkno ]na
gj ks j pk _kj pne^qpa pk epo ` ar ahkl i aj p+ ? ]qn ap ]h+ %. - / &
ej . 643) oqccaopa` l naooqna pdan]l u pk na` q_a pda ^hkk`
bhks pk pda o_]n peooqa+ Ea ]hok j kpe_a` S+ chk^qhej
s de_d eo ] _khh]caj ]oa ej de^epkn ej pdaoa o_]no+ M]ca
ap ]h+ %. - 0& ej . 650 oqccaopa` pd]p ep s ]o l kooe^ha pd]p
pda r ]o_qh]n _d]j cao _kqh` ^a pda l nei ]nu b]_pkn ej o_]n
i ]pqn]pekj + Qdau i ]j el qh]pa` pda ^hkk` oql l hu pk o_]no
^u ]l l huej c l naooqna oqbbe_eaj p pk k__hq` a _]l ehh]nu _en_q*
h]pekj + I aqj c ap ]h+ %. - 1& ej . 656) ` ao_ne^a` pda ej _na]oa`
i e_nkr ]o_qh]pqna s epd bas ej pan_ki i qj e_]pekj o pk ^a
naol kj oe^ha bkn anupdai ]pkqo ^qi o_]no+ > hopan ap ]h+
%. - 2& ej . 660) ` eo_qooa` pda i a_d]j eoi kb s kqj `
da]hej c ]j ` _khh]caj i ap]^kheoi ]j ` nal knpa` pd]p anupda*
i ]pkqo o_]no s ana ` qa pk ] l nkhkj c]pekj kb ]j cekcaj aoeo
]j ` ohks _]l ehh]nu nacnaooekj ` qnej c pda bkni ]pekj kb cn]j *
qh]pekj peooqa+ Aeane_gt ap ]h+ %05& ej . 662) ]hok j kpa` pd]p
pda o_]n pah]j cea_p]oe]o l nk` q_a` pda l anoeopaj phu na` _khkn
j kpa` ej ei i ]pqna o_]no+ Qda ` ebbanaj p ]l l nk]_dao pk
bh]ppaj ]j ` hecdpaj ^qnj dul anpnkl de_ o_]no eo ^aukj ` pda
o_kl a kb pdeo _d]l pan+ Eks ar an) j qi ankqo pna]pi aj po
d]r a ^aaj l nkl koa` + > i kj c pdai ]na oqnce_]h at _eoekj )
n]` ekpdan]l u) ej pn]haoekj ]h ej fa_pekj o) ` ani ]^n]oekj ) ogej
cn]bp) pkl e_]h napej ke` o) oehe_kj a ej fa_pekj o) l naooqna ` nao*
oej co) ]j ` h]oan pna]pi aj p %. - 3). - 4&+

) / (

9d] RcX^] P[ P] S 4 TbcWTcXR ETR^] bcadRcX^] ^U 5 da] TS CPcXT] cb
Qda kl pekj o bkn pda i ]j ]cai aj p kb l eci aj p]pekj _d]j cao
ej ^qi l ]peaj po ]na at paj oer a+ ? kpd oqnce_]h ]j ` j kj oqnce*
_]h kl pekj o ]na haoo pd]j e` a]h ]j ` j kp ]hs ]uo nahe]^ha+ Fj pda
]^oaj _a kb ` eopknpekj o kn ennacqh]n oqnb]_ao) l ]peaj po i ]u
s eod bkn pda l nkl an qoa kb _knna_per a i ]gaql pk ^haj `
o_]no+ Qdeo eo ] na]okj ]^ha namqenai aj p) s de_d j aa` j kp
b]hh ej pk pda ëh]op naoknpí _]packnu+ Qda s ahh*^aej c kb ^qnj
l ]peaj po s ehh kbpaj dej ca kj pda ]l l a]n]j _a kb ^qi o_]no+
Qda pa_dj emqao ` ao_ne^a` ]na ` aoecj a` pk i ej ei eva oq_d
l nk^hai o+ > o s a _kj pej qa pk ]` r ]j _a ej pda pna]pi aj p kb
l eci aj p]pekj _d]j cao ej ^qi o) ] _ki ^ej ]pekj kb kh` l nej *
_el hao _ki ^ej a` s epd ej j kr ]per a pa_dj emqao i ]u ha]` pk
l anba_pekj ej pda naokhqpekj kb pdaoa l nk^hai o+
I <<<&
6 BA6 ? HFE8 98 E8 A6 8 F
. +
J _@]qhau OI ) E khhuk]g J + J a` e_]h pdan]l u ]j ` oqnce_]h
]l l nk]_d pk pda ^qnj o_]n+ Fj 7 E anj ` kj AK) a` + Qkp]h ? qnj
@]na+ Mdeh]` ahl de]7 T +? + P]qj ` ano) . 6637140*145+
/ +
J _@]qhau OI ) Ok^okj J @) E anj ` kj AK) Br ]j o ? )
? h]gaj au MB+ I kj cepq` ej ]h ar ]hq]pekj kb ] ^qnj a` _deh` +
Fj 7 E anj ` kj AK) a` + Qkp]h ? qnj @]na+ Mdeh]` ahl de]7
T +? + P]qj ` ano) . 6637146*151+
0+
G]j vagkr e_ W+ > j as _kj _al p ej pda a]nhu at _eoekj ]j `
ei i a` e]pa cn]bpej c kb ^qnj o+ G Qn]qi ] . 64- 8 . - 7. . - 0*
. . - 5+
1+
I uha T D) J _@]qhau OI ) Ok^okj J @+ Oa_kj opnq_pekj kb
pda da]` ]j ` j a_g+ Fj 7 E anj ` kj AK) a` + Qkp]h ? qnj @]na+
Mdeh]` ahl de]7 T +? + P]qj ` ano) . 663716/ *165+
2+
Okoa BE+ > aopdape_ naopkn]pekj kb pda oar anahu ` eobecqna`
b]_a ej ^qi r e_pei o7 ] _ki l nadaj oer a opn]pacu+ Mh]op
Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 6628 637. 240*. 2528 ` eo_qooekj . 253*
. 244+
3+
? h]gaj au MB) J auan T G+ Mou_dkok_e]h na_kr anu kb ^qnj a`
l ]peaj po ]j ` naej pacn]pekj ej pk ok_eapu+ Fj 7 E anj ` kj AK)
a` + Qkp] h ? qnj @]na+ Mdeh]` ahl de]7 T +? + P]qj ` ano)
. 6637223+
4+
Ok^okj J @+ Oa_kj opi _pekj kb pda ^qnj a` b]_a) j a_g ]j `
o_]hl + Fj 7 ? kops e_g G> ) a` + Qda > np ]j ` P_eaj _a kb ? qi
@]na+ Ok_gr ehha7 > ol aj Mq^heodano) Fj _+) . 6547040*050+
5+
? anj opaej KO+ J a` e_]h pn]ca` eao ej b]_e]h ^qnj ` eobecqna*
i aj p+ Mou_d > j j . 6438 37/ 5*16+
6+
@]nn*@khhej o G> + Mnaooqna pa_dj emqao bkn pda l nar aj pekj kb
dul anpnkl de_ o_]no+ @hej Mh]op Pqnc . 6608 . 67400*410+
. -+ Ok^okj J @+ Lr anr eas kb ^qi na_kj opnq_pekj + Fj 7
E ai ` kj AK) a` + Qkp]h ? qi @]na+ Mdeh]` ahl de] 7 T +? +
P]qj ` ano) . 6637152*16. +
. . +
T ]n` aj DA+ L qpl ]peaj p _]na kb pdani ]h ej fqneao+ Pqnc @hej
Kknpd > i . 6548 347. 14*. 24+
. / +
? anj opaej KO+ Bi kpekj ]h @]na kb pda C]_e]hhu ? qnj a` ]j `
Aeobecqna` + ? kopkj 7 I eppha) ? nks j # @k+) . 643+
. 0+ ? ano_dae` B) D]j caop]` P+ Qda ok_e]h l ou_dkhkce_]h ei l he*
_]pekj o kb b]_e]h l duoe_]h ]ppn]_per aj aoo+ @hej Mh]op Pqnc
. 65/ 8 67/ 56*/ 63+
. 1+
? hqi aj beah` J ) P_dkal o J + Oaej pacn]pej c pda da]ha`
^qnj a` ]` qhp ej pk ok_eapu7 l ou_dkhkce_]h l nk^hai o ]j ` okh*
qpekj o+ @hej Mh]op Pqnc . 66/ 8 . 67266*3- 2+
. 2+
Dn]d]i G> ) Hheci ]j > J + @koi ape_ pdan]l u bkn pda
l ]peaj p s epd b]_e]h ` eobecqnai aj p+ B]n Kkoa Qdnk]p
G . 6548 33+
. 3+
Dqve_g PP+ @hej e_]h _]i kqbh]ca7 ] ^qnj oqnr er knîo _]oa
opq` u+ Aani ]pkh Kqno . 6608 27. . 5*. / - ) . 0-+
. 4+
P]s uan J D) J ej ` a H) Wqgan O+ Qda ^qnj a` _deh` *
o_]nna` bkn heba< > opq` u kb pda l ou_dkok_e]h ei l ]_p kb ]
^qi ej fqnu ]p ` ebbanaj p ` ar ahkl i aj p]h op]cao+ ? qnj o Fj _h
Qdani Fj f . 6508 67/ - 2*/ . 0+
. 5+ Q]ge Q) Hkvqg] P) Fv]s ] V) Roq` ] Q) E en]i ]poq J )
J ]poq` ] Q) Vkgkk H) Cqg]u] V) Qoq^kj a J ) > kge G+
Pqnce_]h pna]pi aj p kb ogej ` al eci aj p]pekj _]qoa`
^u ^qnj ej fqneao+
G Aani ]pkh Pqnc Lj _kh
. 6528
. . 7. / . 5*. / / . +
. 6+
Dnkr an O) J knc]j ? A+ J ]j ]cai aj p kb dul kl eci aj p]pekj
bkhhks ej c ^qnj ej fqnu+ ? qi o . 6638 / / 73/ 4*30- +
/ - +
E ]e` an OJ ) Md]i EK) ? na]` kj GV) Gkdj okj ? > + J e_nk*
l eci aj p]pekj bkn pda pna]pi aj p kb r epeheck+ G Aani ]pkh Pqnc
L j _kh . 6568 . 27. - 6/ *. - 65+
/ . +
H]dj > J ) @kdaj J G+ Qna]pi aj p bkn ` al eci aj p]pekj
bkhhks ej c ^qi ej fqneao+ ? qnj o . 6638 / / 722/ *221+
/ / + Kknhqj `
GG+
Mkop
ej bh]i i ]pknu
dul anl eci aj p] pekj +
Aani ]pkh @hej . 6558 37. 52+
/ 0+
T ehhean ? E+ Qda _kj pnkh kb d]en ]j ` ba]pdan l eci aj p]pekj
]o nar a]ha` ^u cn]bpej c i ah]j kl dknao ej pda ai ^nuk+
> j j Pqnc . 61/ 8 . . 37265+
/ 1+
? na]pdj ]_d > P+ J ah]j k_upao ej a]nhu nacaj an]pa` dqi ]j
al e` ani eo+ G Fj r aop Aani ]pkh . 63- 8 027/ 12+
/ 2+
Cepvl ]pne_g Q? ) Pv]^k D+ Qda i ah]j k_upa7 _upkhkcu ]j `
_upk_dai eopnu+ G Fj r aop Aani ]pkh . 6268 0/ 7. 64*/ - 6+
/ 3+
Maha KG) Kknhqj ` GG+ Meci aj p]nu _d]j cao ej pda ogej + @hej
Mh]op Pqnc . 6608 / - 7. +
/ 4+
? ]ngan AB+ Meci aj p i ecn]pekj bkhhks ej c ëví l h]opu+ Mh]op
Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 6148 17051+
/ 5+
? ]ngan AB+ Meci aj p _d]j cao ej at l anei aj p]h s dkha pde_g*
j aoo ogej cn]bpo+ > n_d M]pdkh . 6148 117. 30+
/ 6+
? nuog J J ) Kas pkj O@) O]f]n]i ]j P) Mhkpp Q) ? ]nhks B)
? ahh Q) Maj j M) Pi epd B? + Oal eci aj p]pekj kb r epehecej kqo
ogej ^u _qhpqna` _ahho+ Meci aj p @ahh Oao . 6568 / 7/ - / */ - 4+
0- +
C]h]^ahh] O+ Oal eci aj p]pekj kb haqgk` ani ] ^u ]qpk*
hkckqo al e` ani ]h cn]bpej c+ G Aani ]pkh Pqnc Lj _kh . 6518
. - 7. 03*. 11+
0. +
J knc]j GB) Deh_dnaop ? ) Dkh` s uj OJ + Pgej l eci aj p]*
pekj + @qnnaj p _kj _al po ]j ` nahar ]j _a pk l h]ope_ oqncanu+
Mh]op Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 6428 2373. 4*3/ 5+
0/ +
L naj pnae_d K) Pahi ]j ks epv S G+ > qpkcn]bp nal eci aj p]pekj
kb haqgk` ani ]+ > n_d Aani ]pkh . 66/ 8 . - 27401+
00+
Pahi ]j ks epv S G+ Meci aj p]nu _knna_pekj kb l ea^]h` eoi ^u
]qpkcn]bpo+ FF+ M]pdki a_d]j eoi ]j ` l eci aj p ol na]` ej l ea*
^]h` eoi + @qpeo . 6468 / 1733*4. ) 40+
01+
Pahi ]j ks epv S G) O]^ej ks epv > A) L naj pnae_d K) T aj g B+
Meci aj p]nu _knna_pekj kb l ea^]h` eoi ^u ]qpkcn]bpo+
F+ Mnk_a` qnao ]j ` _hej e_]h bej ` ej co+ G Aani ]pkh Pqnc
L j _kh . 6448 073. 2*3/ / +
02+
C]h]^ahh] O+ Qna]pi aj p kb hk_]heva` r epeheck ^u ]qpkhkckqo
i ej ecn]bpej c+ > n_d Aani ]pkh . 6558 . / 17. 316*. 322+

@P] PVT\ T] c ^U CXV\ T] cPcX^] 6 WP] VTb X] 5 da] CPcXT] cb

) / )
26+
I qbpi ]j A? ) I ks a KG) J ku OI + Pqj o_naaj o+ Rl ` ]pa ]j `
nar eas + G Aani ]pkh Pqnc Lj _kh . 66. 8 . 47411*413+
3- +
L îAkj kcdqa J K+ Pqj o_naaj + Qda qhpei ]pa _koi ape_+ Aan*
i ]pkh @hej . 66. 8 6766*. - 1+
3. +
P_dano_dqj I ) I ei ET + Mdkpkl nkpa_pekj ^u oqj o_naaj o+
> i G @hej Aani ]pkh / - - . 8 / 7. 0. *. 01+
3/ +
I ks a KG+ Pqj o_naaj o ]j ` pda l nar aj pekj kb ogej ]cej c+ G
Aani ]pkh Pqnc Lj _kh . 66- 8 . 37603*605+
30+
J ]nckheo OG) Akr an GP) Mkhh] I I ) T ]p]j ]^a P) Pda] @O)
E nqv] DG) M]nneod G> ) > j ` anokj OO+ S eoe^ha ]_pekj ol a_*
pnqi bkn i ah]j ej *ol a_ebe_ oaha_per a l dkpkpdani khuoeo+
I ]oano Pqnc J a` . 6568 67056*064+
31+
O]uj an S I + @]i kqbh]ca pdan]l u+ Aani ]pkh @hej . 6628
. 07134*14/ +
32+
Ok^anpo K@+ @knna_per a _koi ape_oê j aa` ) ar ] hq]pekj ]j `
qoa+ @qpeo . 6558 1. 7106*11. +
33+
L îAkj kcdqa J K+ @koi ape_o bkn pda ah` anhu+ Aani ]pkh
@hej . 66. 8 67/ 6*01+
34+
P]ppaj ol eah PI + Qda qoa kb _koi ape_o ej b]_e]h l h] ope_
oqncanu+ B]n Kkoa Qdnk]p G . 6548 337. 6*/ 0+
35+
K]pks > G+ @knna_per a _koi ape_o+ @qpeo . 6528 037. / 0*. / 1+
36+
I ]v]n > M) I ]v]n M+ > j kr anr eas kb _koi ape_o+ B]n Kkoa
Qdnk]p G . 6548 3373*5+
4- +
Dnei ao MB) A]r eo I Q+ @koi ape_o ej ^h]_go+ Aani ]pkh @hej
. 66. 8 6720*35+
4. +
T aopi kna J D+ J ]ga*ql ]o ]j ]` fqj _p ]j ` ]e` pk pda l n]_*
pe_a kb ` ani ]pkhkcu+ Aani ]pkh @hej . 66. 8 675. *55+
4/ +
L îAkj kcdqa J K+ @hej e_]h qoao ]j ` abba_po kb _koi ape_o+
B]n Kkoa Qdnk]p G . 6548 3376*. . +
40+
An]ahko WA+ @khkna` b]_e]h _koi ape_o+ Aani ]pkh @hej
/ - - - 8 . 573/ . *30. +
41+
Ok^anpo @+ Qda _knna_per a _kr an kn _]i kqbh]ca _hej e_+ B]n
Kkoa Qdnk]p G . 656735+
42+
Ok^anpo CI ) Ckncap ? J + > l l he_]pekj pa_dj emqao bkn _kn*
na_per a ]j ` _]i kqbh]ca _koi ape_o+ B]n Kkoa Qdnk]p G
. 6548 337. / *. 5+
43+
Ok^anpo K@+ Roao ]j ` ]^qoao kb _koi ape_o+ B]n Kkoa
Qdnk]p G . 6548 3371*2+
44+ Kknhqj ` GG) T necdp @+ I appan pk pda a` epkn*_knna_per a _kr an
kn _]i kqbh]ca _hej e_+ B]n Kkoa Qdnk]p G . 6568 35715- +
45+ @kj r anoa GJ ) J _@]npdu GD) Ak^ngkr ogu J + C]_e]h ^qi o+
Fj 7 Oa_kj opnq_per a Mh]ope_ Pqncanu+ / j ` a` + Mdeh]` ahl de] 7
T +? + P]qj ` ano) . 6447. 262+
46+ Q]g]k E) Fok O+ Qda pna]pi aj p kb haqgk` ani ] ]bpan ^qi o
^u ] _ki ^ej ]pekj kb ` ani ]^n]oekj ]j ` ë_del í ogej cn] bp*
ej c+ ? n G Mh]op Pqnc . 6528 0570- . +
5-+ H]dj > J ) @kdaj J G+ S epeheck7 pna]pi aj p ^u ` ani ]^n]oekj
]j ` al epdahe]h odaap cn]bpej c+ G > i > _]` Aani ]pkh . 6628
007313*315+
5. + Ppal daj o AO+ P_]no ]j ` o_]n nar eoekj + Fj 7 Dnkppej c GD) a` +
Oakl an]per a)
> aopdape_
]j `
Oa_kj opnq_per a
Mh]ope_
Pqncanu) . 662740+
5/ + I ]cnkp C) > j pkej a D) ? aj okqoo]j E+ Pqnr au kj pda l eci aj *
p]pekj kb _qp]j akqo cn]bpo+ > j j @den Mh]op . 63- 8 27. 6*/ . +
50+ Qoqg]` ] P+ Qda i ah]j k_upao ]j ` i ah]j ej ej dqi ]j ogej
]qpkcn]bpo+ Mh]op Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 6418 207/ - - */ - 4+
51+ @kj s ]u E) Pa` ]n G+ Oal knp kb pda hkoo kb l eci aj p ej bqhh
pde_gj aoo ]qpkl h]ope_ ogej cn]bpo ej pda i kqoa+ Mh]op
Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 6238 . 570- +
03+
Lj qn Bnkh L) > p]^]u H+ Qda pna]pi aj p kb ^qi o_]n dul k*
l eci aj p]pekj ]j ` oqnb]_a ennacqh]nepu ^u ` ani ]^n]oekj
]j ` pdej ogej cn]bpej c+ Mh]op Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 66-8
527421*425+
04+
Hkj n]` H) T khbb H+ E ul anl eci aj p]pekj ) i ah]j koki a
oeva) ]j ` ` eopne^qpekj l ]ppanj o kb i ah]j koki ao+ > n_d Aan*
i ]pkh . 6408 . - 47520*53- +
05+
Aeane_gt @) Dkh` i ]j J M) Cepvl ]pne_g OB+ I ]oan pna]pi aj p
kb anupdai ]pkqo,dul anpnkl de_ ]j ` l eci aj pa` o_]no ej / 3
l ]peaj po+ Mh]op Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 6628 62751*6- 8 ` eo_qooekj
6. *5/ +
06+
Deh_dnaop ? > ) Dkh` s uj OJ + Qkl e_]h _dai kpdan]l u kb
l eci aj p ]^j kni ]hepeao ej oqnce_]h l ]peaj po+ Mh]op Oa_kj opn
Pqnc . 65. 8 347102*106+
1- +
H]e` ^au HE) Hheci ]j > J + Pqj ^qnj l nkpa_pekj ^u hkj c*
s ]r a qhpn]r ekhap n]` e]pekj *ej ` q_a` l eci aj p] pekj + > n_d
Aani ]pkh . 6458 . . 1713*15+
1. +
Cepvl ]pne_g Q? ) Paefe J ) J a D>+ J ah]j ej l eci aj p] pekj +
K Bj ch G J a` . 63. 8 / 32710- *101+
1/ +
Gei ^ks H) L ^]p] E) M]pd]g J > ) Cepvl ]pne_g Q? + J a_d]j *
eoi kb ` al eci aj p]pekj ^u du` nkmqej kj a+ G Fj r aop Aani ]*
pkh . 6418 3/ 7103*116+
10+
I ai an > ? + Mduoekh Oar . 62-8 0-+
11+
Cepvl ]pne_g Q? + Qda r ]he` epu ]j ` l n]_pe_]hepu kb oqj na]_per a
ogej pul ao . pdnkqcd S F+ > n_d Aani ]pkh . 6658 . / 17536+
12+
@khai ]j T M FFF+ Aani ]h l aaho+ Aani ]pkh @hej / - - . 8
. 671- 2*1. . +
13+
J en V) J en I + Qda l nk^hai kb l eci aj p]pekj ej pda
_qp]j akqo cn]bp+ ? n G Mh]op Pqnc . 63. 8 . 170- 0+
14+
C]h]^ahh] O+ Bl e` ani ]h cn]bpej c+ > j knecej ]h pa_dj emqa
]j ` epo ]l l he_]pekj ej ]_dnki e_ ]j ` cn]j qh] pej c ]na]o+
> n_d Aani ]pkh . 64. 8 . - 1726/ *3- - +
15+
` a @d]h] ej QJ ) Q]j c @) Qdki okj ED+ ? qnj ]na] _khkn
_d]j cao ]bpan oql anbe_e]h ^qi o ej _deh` dkk` 7 _]j pdau ^a
l na` e_pa` < G ? qi @]na Oad]^eh . 6658 . 6706*16+
16+
? kk_d]e H) J qpkq VJ + @ki l he_]pekj o ]bpan ` ani ]^n]oekj
ej > oe]j o+ Mh]op Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 63. 8 / 471. / +
2- +
Pdel > D) T aeoo MO+ Meci aj p]pekj ]bpan ` ani ]^n]oekj 7 ]j
]r ke` ]^ha _ki l he_]pekj + Mh]op Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 6528
4272/ 5*20/ +
2. +
Dnei ao MB) Ppk_gpkj Q+ Meci aj p]nu ` eokn` ano ej ^h]_g+
Aani ]pkh @hej . 665+
2/ +
Manav*? ai ]h > ) J qj kv*Manav J > ) @]i ]_dk C+ J ]j ]ca*
i aj p kb b]_e]h dul anl eci aj p] pekj + > i G @hej Aani ]pkh
/ - - - 8 . 7/ 3. */ 35+
20+
H]dj > J ) @kdaj J G) H]l h]j I + Qna]pi aj p bkn ` al eci aj *
p]pekj naoqhpej c bnki ^qnj ej fqneao+ G ? qi @]na Oad]^eh
. 66. 8 . / 7135*140+
21+
? ]gan QG) Ppqvej GJ + @dai e_]h l aahej c ]j ` ` ani ]^n]oekj +
Fj 7 J _@]npdu GD) a` + Mh]ope_ Pqncanu+ Mdeh]` ahl de]7 T +? +
P]qj ` ano) . 66- 7415+
22+
? adh MK+ Qna]pi aj p kb r epehck s epd dki khkckqo7 pdej
Qdeano_dîo ogej cn]bpo+ @qnn J a` Mn]_p . 6318 57/ . 5+
23+
? nk` u EG+ @ki l he_]pekj o kb _dai e_]h naoqnb]_ej c+ Aani ]*
pkh @hej / - - . 8 . 671/ 4*105) r ee*r eee+
24+
Dhkc]j OD) J ]p]nn]ook PI + @dai e_]h l aah Q@> ]j `
l daj kh+ Aani ]pkh @hej . 6628 . 07/ +
25+
J kj daep DA+ J a` eqi *` al pd _dai e_]h l aaho+ Aani ]pkh
@hej / - - . 8 . 671. 0*1/ 2+

) / *

9d] RcX^] P[ P] S 4 TbcWTcXR ETR^] bcadRcX^] ^U 5 da] TS CPcXT] cb
52+
I kl av*J ]o G) L npev*J kj ]opanek C) S e]ha Aa Dkj v]hav J )
L hi a` k > + Pgej cn]bp l eci aj p]pekj + > j as ]l l nk]_d pk
l nar aj pekj + Mh]op Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 64/ 8 167. 5*/ . +
53+
> ^ancah OM) J aagan @> ) As uan OJ ) I ao]r ku J > )
Reppk G+ Kkj pdani ]h abba_po kb KA7V> D h]oan kj ^ekhkce*
_]h bqj _pekj o kb dqi ]j ogej be^nk^h]opo ej _qhpqna+ I ]oano
Pqnc J a` . 6518 07/ 46*/ 51+
54+
> _egah @) Rhgqn B) Dqhan J J + Qna]pi aj p kb ^qi o_]n
` al eci aj p]pekj ^u _]n^kj ` ekt e` a h]oan*]ooeopa` ` ani ]^*
n]oekj ]j ` pdej ogej cn]bpej c+ Mh]op Oa_kj opn Pqnc / - - - 8
. - 27. 640*. 645+
55+
Qdki okj ED) T necdp > J + Pqnce_]h p]ppkkej c kb pda l knp*
s ej a op]ej + L l an]per a pa_dj emqa) naoqhpo) ]j ` _nepemqa+ Mh]op
Oa_kj opn Pqnc . 64. 8 157. . 0*. / - +
56+
r ]j ` an S ah` aj
BJ )
? ]nq_dej > J )
G]en]pd
A)
L kopnki @> ) Ffooahi qe` aj LB+ Aani ]pkcn]l du7
]
i apdk` bkn l ani ]j aj p nal eci aj p]pekj kb ]_dnki e_ ^qi
o_]no+ ? qi o . 6628 / . 70- 1*0- 4+
6-+ r ]j ` an S ah` aj BJ ) ` a Gkj c ? A) r ]j ` an T ]hha E? )
Ppkhv B) K]]bo ? + @koi ape_ p]ppkkej c ]o ] pna]pi aj p kb
l knp*s ej a op]ej o+ Fj p G Aani ]pkh . 6608 0/ 704/ *042+
6. + K]pks > G+ Eaj j ]+ @qpeo . 6538 057/ . +
6/ + Dql p] ? K) J ]pdqn > H) > c]ns ]h @) Pej cd >+ @kj p]_p oaj *
oeper epu pk daj j ]+ @kj p]_p Aani ]pepeo . 6538 . 270- 0*0- 1+
60+
Dnei ao MB+ S epeheck+ > j kr anr eas kb pdan]l aqpe_
]l l nk]_dao+ Aani ]pkh @hej . 6608 . . 70/ 2*005+
61+
? ehhej cd]i OB) Pehr ano T H+ Ppq` eao kj pda i ecn]pknu
^ad]r ekn kb i ah]j k_upao ej cqej a] l ec ogej + G Bt l J a`
. 64- 8 . 0. 7. - . *. . 4+
62+
E ]ni kj @? +
Aani ]^n]oekj +
Aani ]pkh @hej / - - . 8
. 67106*11/ +
63+
H]dj > J ) @kdaj J G) H]l h]j I ) Eecdpkj >+ S epeheck7 pna]p*
i aj p ^u ` ani ]^n]oekj ]j ` al epdahe]h odaap cn]bpej cê ] l na*
hei ej ]nu nal knp+ G > i > _]` Aani ]pkh . 6608 / 57440*441+
64+
E ]n]odej ] Q) Fok O+ Qda pna]pi aj p kb haqgk` ani ] ]bpan
^qi o ^u ] _ki ^ej ]pekj kb ` ani ]^n]oekj ]j ` _del ogej
cn]bpej c+ ? n G Mh]op Pqnc . 6528 0570- . +
65+
Hkc] J + Bl e` ani ]h cn]bpej c qoej c pda pkl o kb oq_pekj ^heo*
pano ej pda pna]pi aj p kb r epeheck+ > n_d Aani ]pkh . 6558
. / 17. 323+
66+
Heeop]h] R+ Pq_pekj ^heopan ` ar e_a bkn oal ]n]pekj kb
r e]^ha al e` ani eo bnki ` ani eo+ G Fj r aop Aani ]pkh . 6358
2- 7. / 6*. 04+
. --+
I k^qkj k M) Pd]pej E+ Qn]j ol h]j p]pekj kb d] en ^qh^o ]j `
i ah]j k_upao ej pk haqgk` ani e_ o_]no+ G Aani ]pkh Pqnc
. 6438 / 720*22+
. -. +
Ppkj an J I ) T kk` CJ + Qda pna]pi aj p kb dul kl eci aj pa`
haoekj o s epd _qhpqna` al epdahe]h ]qpkcn]bp+ G ? qi @]na
Oad]^eh / - - - 8 / . 72- *21+
. -/ +
? ]qn
MP)
I ]nokj
AI )
Pp]_au
QO)
? ]nn]pp
DC)
Ak^ngkr ogu J + Rhpn]opi _pqn]h ]j ]huoeo kb l naooqna*
pna]pa` dqi ]j dul anpnkl de_ o_]no+ G Qn]qi ] . 6438
. 37625*634+
. - 0+
M]ca OB) Ok^anpokj D> ) Mapdcnas KJ + J e_nk_en_qh]pekj
ej dul anpnkl de_ ^qi o_]no+ ? qi o . 6508 . - 731+
. -1+
I aqj c HP) Pdan > ) @h]ng G> ) @daj c G@) I aqj c M@+ J e_nk*
_en_qh]pekj ej dul anpnkl de_ o_]no ]bpan ^qi ej fqnu+ G ? qi
@]na Oad]^eh . 6568 . - 7103*111+
. - 2+
> hopan QP) Hqn^]j > H) Dnkr a DI ) Dnkr a J G) Q]j LQ+
> hpan]pekj kb ]nckj h]oan*ej ` q_a` o_]no ^u pda l qhoa`
` ua h]oan+ I ]oano Pqnc J a` . 6608 . 07035*040+
. -3+
E aj j ej c GME) Okog]i V) Dai anp S+ Qna]pi aj p kb gahke` o
]j ` dul anpnkl de_ o_]no s epd ]j ]nckj h]oan+ I ]oano Pqnc
J a` . 6538 374/ *42+
. -4+
> j ` anokj OO) M]nneod G> + J e_nkr ]o_qh]pqna _]j ^a oaha_*
per ahu ` ]i ]ca` qoej c ` ua h]oano7 ] ^]oe_ pdaknu ]j ` at l an*
ei aj p]h ar e` aj _a ej dqi ]j ogej + I ]oano Pqnc J a` . 65. 8
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