Neck Lift

\ SQY ZW
Tb
O q i mncn] b _ m q _ l _ ch m_ l n_ ^ b _ [ ^ ch a ^ i q h ì
q [ l ^ ni no ] e ch nb _ n q i \ o g j m* O b _ m _ [ ^ ^ cì
nci h [ f J I K S \ ZI K S QV O m o no l _ m b [ p _ ] l _ [ n_ ^
[ nb cl ^ f[ s _ l i ` mo no l _ m [ fi h a [ mb i l n m_ a ì
g _ h n i ` nb _ g c^ fch _ m_ [ g * O b _ ^ cl _ ] nci h i `
mo no l ch a cm h i q l _ p _ l m_ ^ i h ] _ g i l _ ( [ m D
l _ mo g _ nb _ g [ l ] b o j q [ l ^ ã j [ o mch a h i q
[ h ^ nb _ h ni q i l e nb _ mo no l _ \ [ ] e [ h ^ ` i l nb
[ ] l i mm nb _ g c^ fch _ ni j _ l ` _ ] n nb _ m_ [ g [ h ^
ni j l i a l _ mmcp _ fs ] ch ] b ch nb _ _ I Q[ \ TQV M i `
nb _ h _ ] e *
N o l a _ i h m q b i i \ m_ l p _ g _ j _ l ` i l g ch a [
] i l m_ n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns ` i l nb _ ` cl mn ncg _ [ l _
o mo [ ffs mo l j l cm_ ^ nb [ n D ^ i [ m g o ] b mc^ _ )ni )
mc^ _ cg \ l c] [ nci h \ _ fi q nb _ f_ p_ f i ` nb _ nb s ì
l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ [ m D o mo [ ffs ^ i * = o n cn cm nb _ l _ (
ch nb _ f i q _ l g c^ fch _ [ l _ [ i ` nb _ h _ ] e ( nb [ n
[ fi n i ` nb _ g o m] f_ a [ nb _ l ch a [ h ^ nca b n_ h ì
ch a h _ _ ^ _ ^ ni h [ l l i q nb _ q [ cmnfch _ i ` nb _
h _ ] e b ca b _ l o j [ ] no [ ffs n[ e _ m j f[ ] _ *
C ca b _ l o j [ fi h a nb _ g c^ fch _ ( nb _ mo no l _ cm
[ a [ ch m_ _ h \ [ ] e nl [ ] e ch a ni no ] e ch [ g o m] f_
\ o g j ] [ o ^ [ f ni nb _ f[ mn mncn] b *

7 • corset platysmaplasty 333 That bump has been flattened, and the su- ture has paused near the prominence of the thyroid cartilage. As the running suture approaches the Adam's apple, a pleasing phenomenon takes place: the second layer of sutures (and in some places a third and fourth layer of su- tures) begins to coax the elastic platysma into the hollow of the neck, almost as if the muscle had been sucked inward by a vacuum. With the running suture temporarily resting at the thyroid cartilage, the multiple over- lapping layers of platysma that have been created along the midline are indicated by the different colors in the small Vs at the top and bottom of each layer.

\ SQY ZW
Tb
R b _ h nb _ [ m] _ h ^ ch a l o h h ch a mo no l _ ] i g _ m
ni q cnb ch - *1 ] g i ` nb _ ] b ch ( nb _ ? _ [ p _ l
l _ nl [ ] ni l
[ h ^
nb _
^ i o \ f_ )b i i e
[ l _
l _ ì
g i p _ ^ (
[ h ^
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l _ j i mcì
nci h _ ^ ni b i f^ \ [ ] e nb _ fi q _ l _ ^ a _ i ` nb _
mo \ g _ h n[ f
ch ] cmci h *
Ob cm
[ ffi q m
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] f_ [ l fs
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l _ g [ ch ch a
j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h
\ o fa _ m i ` j f[ ns mg [ do mn o h ^ _ l nb _ ] b ch
nb [ n q _ l _ b c^ ^ _ h o h ^ _ l nb _ ^ i o \ f_ )b i i e *
I i h _ i ` nb cm l _ ^ o h ^ [ h n g o m] f_ o h ^ _ l nb _
] b ch mb i o f^ \ _ _ r ] cm_ ^ * Dn q cff \ _ ^ o h e _ ^
ch q [ l ^ [ h ^ ` f[ nn_ h _ ^ q cnb [ ^ ^ cnci h [ f cg \ l cì
] [ nch a mo no l _ m*
J K K J N DO @ K< B @
< m m o g _ ch nb _ m_ h _ r n m_ p_ l [ f cffo mnl [ nci h m nb [ n nb _ ? _ [ p _ l l _ nl [ ] ni l cm h i n ch
o m_ [ h ^ i h fs [ ^ i o \ f_ )b i i e cm b i f^ ch a \ [ ] e nb _ ] [ o ^ [ f _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f
ch ] cmci h * O b _ l o h h ch a mo no l _ n[ e _ m [ \ cn_ i h i l do mn f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ ] l _ mn i ` nb _
\ o fa _ i h nb _ l ca b n mc^ _ !I J W^ M$ TMN\ "$ [ h ^ nb _ h [ mcg cf[ l \ cn_ i h nb _ f_ `n mc^ _
!I J W^ M$ ZQOP \ "& I i nc] _ nb [ n nb _ nca b n_ h _ ^ mo no l _ i h nb _ l ca b n mc^ _ b [ m [ fl _ [ ^ s j [ l ì
nc[ ffs ch p [ a ch [ n_ ^ nb _ \ o fa _ nb _ l _ *
P mo [ ffs nb l _ _ i l ` i o l cg \ l c] [ nch a mo no l _ m i h _ [ ] b mc^ _ [ l _ h _ _ ^ _ ^ ni ` f[ nn_ h
nb cm [ l _ [ cg g _ ^ c[ n_ fs \ _ fi q nb _ ch ] cmci h !J MTW_ $ TMN\ "& O b _ mo no l _ ] [ h nb _ h \ _
nc_ ^ [ n nb _ ] b ch * C i q _ p _ l ( Di ` n_ h q [ h n ni j _ l ` _ ] n nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f ] i h ni o l do mn [
\ cn g i l _ ã _ cnb _ l ni ` f[ nn_ h cn g i l _ ( i l ni no ] e ch mi g _ nch s \ o g j m \ _ nq _ _ h nb _
mo no l _ m* D` mi ( q b _ h nb _ l o h h _ l l _ [ ] b _ m nb _ ] b ch ( cn l _ p _ l m_ m ^ cl _ ] nci h i h _ f[ mn
ncg _ [ h ^ b _ [ ^ m ^ i q h q [ l ^ !J MTW_ $ ZQOP \ "$ ] l _ [ nch a [ nb cl ^ l i q i ` mo \ g _ h n[ f
mo no l _ m nb [ n _ fcg ch [ n_ [ h s l _ g [ ch ch a cg j _ l ` _ ] nci h m* Ach [ ffs ( nb _ fi h a l o h h ch a
mo no l _ cm nc_ ^ m_ ] o l _ fs m i g _ q b _ l _ [ \ i p _ nb _ f_ p _ f i ` nb _ b s i c^ *
< n nb cm j i ch n( q cnb nb _ ? _ [ p _ l l _ nl [ ] ni l j f[ ] _ ^ \ [ ] e o h ^ _ l nb _ ` f[ j [ h ^ nb _ \ ca
^ i o \ f_ )b i i e i h ] _ [ a [ ch b i f^ ch a o j i h nb _ ] b ch ( nb _ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m g c^ fch _ i `
nb _ h _ ] e mb i o f^ fi i e n_ l l c` c] ã q cnb [ h _ [ l fs ch p cmc\ f_ g c^ fch _ m _ [ g nb [ n cm mi
m g i i nb cn [ j j _ [ l m ni b [ p _ \ _ _ h g [ ] b ch _ )g [ ^ _ ( [ j _ l ` _ ] nfs ` f[ n mo \ g _ h n[ f
j f[ h _ ( [ h ^ [ h c] _ fs m] i i j _ ^ b s i c^ [ h a f_ *

c- î
] i l m _ n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns

\ S QY ZW
Tb
O b _ ? _ [ p _ l cm nb _ h n o l h _ ^ m i nb [ n D ] [ h fi i e o h ^ _ l h _ [ nb nb _ h _ ] e
` f[ j i h i h _ m c^ _ [ h ^ n b _ h n b _ i nb _ l * D` n b _ l _ [ l _ h i o h q [ h n _ ^
m o \ g [ h ^ c \ o f [ l \ o g j m ( n b _ h h i [ ^ ^ cn ci h [ f m o n o l c h a h _ _ ^ m n i \ _
^ i h _ n b l i o a b n b _ m o \ g _ h n [ f ch ] cm ci h ( [ m q [ m nb _ ] [ m _ q c n b nb _
j [ nc_ h n j l _ p ci o m f s ^ _ m ] l c\ _ ^ *
Dh g i m n ] [ m _ m ( b i q _ p _ l ( q b _ h D f i i e o h ^ _ l nb _ me ch ` f[ j [ f i h a
nb _ d[ q f ch _ ( D ^ i m _ _ [ \ o g j i h i h _ i l \ i nb m c^ _ m * O b _ m _ \ o g j m
[ l _ o m o [ f f s ] [ o m _ ^ \ s l _ m c^ o [ f g o m ] f _ f [ r cn s nb [ n q [ m h i n ] i g ì
j f_ n_ fs ] ch ] b _ ^ ch \ s nb _ g c^ f ch _ m o no l ch a * N i g _ n cg _ m nb _ \ o f a _ m
[ l _ [ f m i ] [ o m _ ^ \ s m o \ g [ h ^ c \ o f [ l m [ f c p [ l s a f [ h ^ m * M _ a [ l ^ f _ m m
i ` q b _ n b _ l nb _ \ o g j m [ l _ ] [ o m _ ^ \ s g o m ] f _ i l a f [ h ^ i l \ i nb (
n b _ s h _ _ ^ ni \ _ n o ] e _ ^ [ h ^ ` f [ nn_ h _ ^ \ s ` [ \ l c] [ nch a ch p _ l n_ ^ p _ l ì
nc] [ f ( i l m f ca b nf s i \ f ck o _ g o m ] f _ j f _ [ n m * C i l ct i h n [ f j f _ [ n m [ l _
h _ p _ l ] l _ [ n _ ^ ( \ _ ] [ o m _ n b _ s ^ _ ] l _ [ m _ nb _ p _ l nc] [ f b _ ca b n i ` nb _
j f [ ns m g [ [ h ^ g [ s l _ m nl c] n h _ ] e _ r n_ h m ci h * O b _ m _ m c^ _ j f _ [ n m i l
_ I Q[ \ TQV M X TM I \ [ [ l _ ch m _ l n_ ^ n b l i o a b nb _ m o \ g _ h n [ f ch ] cmci h *

" n Q] `a Sb ^ ZObga[
O^ ZOabg
L o cn_ i ` n_ h nb _ m_ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l \ o g j m [ j j _ [ l [ m [ g cf^ mq _ ffì
ch a \ _ fi q nb _ d[ q fch _ ( _ cnb _ l q b _ h fi i e ch a o h ^ _ l nb _ me ch `f[ j
q cnb nb _ l _ nl [ ] ni l i l q b _ h _ r [ g ch ch a nb _ _ r n_ l h [ f d[ q fch _ [ h ^
mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l ] i h ni o l m [ ` n_ l ] i g j f_ nci h i ` nb _ g c^ fch _ j fc] [ nci h *
= o n _ p _ h g cf^ \ o fa _ m ] [ h g [ l nb _ ^ _ ` ch cnci h i ` [ h i j ncg [ f mo \ ì
g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l ] i h ni o l ã q b c] b cm [ mg i i nb g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l mq _ _ j q cnb
[ h c] _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l ] i h ] [ pcns * D h _ p _ l b _ mcn[ n_ ni j o n ch [
j f_ [ nch a mo no l _ ni _ fcg ch [ n_ _ p _ h [ mg [ ff g o m] f_ i l a f[ h ^
\ o g j *
No l a _ i h m q cnb fcnnf_ _ r j _ l c_ h ] _ mo no l ch a nb _ j f[ ns mg [ h _ [ l nb _ d[ q fch _ i ` n_ h _ r ì
j l _ mm ] i h ] _ l h [ \ i o n ch do l s ni nb _ g [ l a ch [ f g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l h _ l p_ m* Dh g s p[ mn _ r j _ l cì
_ h ] _ ( FĜGĜ ĘEË Đ GÐ D Ĕ ÊĈGH FĚ Ĉ EGFD ÊĎ ĘĈĘDÊH EĎ D ĞD Ę !VM^ MZ [ I a VM^ MZ" ĊĈ Ĝ FD F Ě ĈĘĪ
ĐEËĈÊ Ě ĈË Ç EČĜÊĈĘ Ç HFĎĜ Ë ĊGEĒ Ë I l [ nb _ l ( cn cm nb _ _ f_ ] nl c] ] o l l _ h n i l nb _ b _ [ n ` l i g nb _
_ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s h _ [ l nb _ h _ l p_ m( i l [ ^ cmm_ ] nci h o h ^ _ l nb _ j f[ ns mg [ q cnb ^ cl _ ] n ch ì
do l s ni nb _ h _ l p_ m( nb [ n j l i ^ o ] _ m fi q _ l fcj ^ _ j l _ mmi l q _ [ e h _ mm ` i l [ p[ l c[ \ f_ ncg _
[ `n_ l mo l a _ l s * J ` ] i o l m_ ( GÐ D FĜGĜĘD ËDDÇÊD FÐĒĜÊÇ ËĒG Ĕ D Ë D GĘĈGD Ç DDĔÊH EËGĒ GÐD
FĜ Č Ĕ ÊĈGH FĚ ĈÊ GEFFĜ D FĦ \ o n [ b _ [ fnb s \ cn_ i ` g o m] f_ q cff h i n ] [ o m_ [ j l i \ f_ g *

\ SQY ZW
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O b _ l ca b n mc^ _ \ o g j b _ l _ cm \ ca _ h i o a b nb [ n D q cff fce _ fs ] l _ [ n_ [ j f_ [ n o m ch a [
l o h h ch a g [ nnl _ m m mo no l _ ( l [ nb _ l nb [ h m cg j f s ch m_ l nch a [ h ch n_ l l o j n_ ^ m o no l _ i l
n q i ni ` f[ nn_ h cn* C i q _ p _ l ( D ^ _ ] c^ _ b i q f i h a [ p _ l nc] [ f j f _ [ n [ h ^ b i q g [ h s
m o n o l _ m n i o m _ [ m D m _ q * E o m n \ _ f i q nb _ d[ q fch _ ( nb _ h _ _ ^ f_ n[ e _ m [ g o m ] f _
\ cn_ [ n nb _ j l i r cg [ f \ [ m _ i ` nb _ g o m ] f _ b cffi ] e * O b _ h _ r n \ cn_ cm n[ e _ h do m n \ _ ì
s i h ^ nb _ ] l _ mn i ` nb _ g i o h ^ * O b _ m _ g o m ] f _ \ cn_ m [ l _ n[ e _ h p _ l nc] [ ffs i l nl [ h m ì
p _ l m_ fs ch nb _ g o m ] f _ ( q b c] b _ p _ l cm _ [ mc_ mn*
J K K J N D O @ K < B @
R b _ h nb cm ` cl mn m o no l _ cm j o ff_ ^ nca b n !I J W ^ M $ TMN\ "$ [ a i i ^ ^ _ [ f i ` nb _ \ o f a _ q cff
\ _ no ] e _ ^ ch * O b _ m o nP l _ cm h i n nc_ ^ ( b i q _ p _ l * Dh mn_ [ ^ ( nb _ fi h a n[ cf i ` nb _ mncn] b
cm b _ f^ \ s [ h ch m nl o g _ h n ni mnl _ n] b cn i o n i ` nb _ q [ s ( m i nb [ n nb _ m o no l _ ] [ h \ _
nc_ ^ ni cnm_ f` q b _ h nb _ j f_ [ n cm ] i g j f _ n_ * O b _ h _ r n \ cn_ !I J W ^ M $ ZQO P \ " cm n[ e _ h [ n
i l do m n f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ ] l _ m n i ` nb _ l _ g [ ch ch a \ o fa _ *
O b _ ` i f f i q ch a \ cn_ cm do m n g _ ^ c[ f _ h i o a b ni j o ff nb [ n j [ l n i ` nb _ b cff ` f[ n !J M TW _ $
TMN\ "& < ` n_ l [ l o h i ` ` cp _ i l g i l _ ` [ l )h _ [ l mncn] b _ m( nb _ b cff q cff b [ p _ \ _ _ h f_ p _ f_ ^
!J M TW _ $ ZQOP \ "&

0
n Q] ` a S b ^ ZObga [
O^ ZOa bg

\ SQY ZW
Tb
O i l _ ` ch _ [ h ^ m_ ] o l _ nb _ m _ [ g ( nb _ mo no l _ cm
l o h \ [ ] e o j b cff( q b _ l _ cn cm nc_ ^ ni cnm_ f` (
f_ [ p ch a do mn i h _ e h i n* O b _ m o \ g [ h ^ c\ o f [ l
] i h ni o l i h nb _ l ca b n mc^ _ m b i o f ^ \ _ j _ l ` _ ] n
h i q *
Dh nb _ f_ ` n o j j _ l j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h [ l _ [ nb _ g o m ì
] f_ \ o g j b [ j j _ h m ni \ _ mg [ ff_ l nb [ h nb _
i h _ i h nb _ l ca b n mc^ _ b [ ^ \ _ _ h * Ai l cn( D [ g
o mch a i h fs [ mch a f_ ` ca o l _ )i ` )_ ca b n mo no l _ ni
` f[ nn_ h nb _ \ o fa _ *

" n
Q] ` a S b ^ ZObg a [
O^ ZOa bg
OC @ > J H KG@O@? > G< NND> > J MN@O R DOC
N@K< M< O@ ND? @ KG@< ON
Dh
g i m n j [ nc_ h nm( nb [ n ] i g j f_ n_ m nb _ j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns *
P mo [ ffs (
h i i nb _ l m o m j _ h m ci h mo no l _ m i l j i mn_ l ci l j fc] [ nci h mo no l _ m [ l _
h _ _ ^ _ ^ ã q cnb i h _ i ] ] [ mci h [ f _ r ] _ j nci h * R b _ h nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m b _ [ ^
cm no l h _ ^ ni nb _ mc^ _ ni ] fi m_ nb _ j _ l c[ o l c] o f[ l ch ] cmci h ( [ h _ q
g o m] f _ \ o g j q cff m i g _ ncg _ m [ j j _ [ l do mn \ _ f i q nb _ g _ ^ c[ f i l
g c^ )d[ q fch _ * O i no ] e ch nb [ n \ o g j ( D j o n ch [ h [ ^ ^ cnci h [ f ` ca o l _ )i ` )
_ ca b n mo no l _ ` l i g nb _ f[ n_ l [ f ch ] cmci h * O b [ n TI \ M ZI T I K K M [ [ \ ] K S %QV
[ ] \ ] ZM cm cffo mnl [ n_ ^ [ n nb _ _ h ^ i ` nb cm ] b [ j n_ l *

h _ ] e fc` n
O b _ g _ ^ c[ f [ ^ p [ h ] _ g _ h n i ` nb _ j f [ n s m g [ ) N H < N f[ s _ l n i q [ l ^ nb _
g c^ fch _ i ` nb _ h _ ] e q cf f i ` n_ h j o ff [ fcnnf_ m o \ ] o n [ h _ i o m ] b _ _ e ` [ n
^ i q h q [ l ^ i h ni i l i p _ l nb _ j l _ p ci o m f s ] f[ l c` c_ ^ d[ q f ch _ * O b _ m o l ì
a _ i h m b i o f ^ m _ _ e [ h ^ nl cg nb cm ^ l [ a a _ ^ ) ^ i q h ` [ n q cn b _ cnb _ l nb _
_ f _ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s i l q cn b m ] cm m i l m ni f_ [ p _ nb _ g _ ^ c[ f d[ q f ch _ o h ] f o n ì
n_ l _ ^ * H i m n i ` nb _ ncg _ Do m _ nb _ ] [ o n_ l s ni ^ i nb cm( \ _ ] [ o m _ nb _ l _
cm f_ mm ] b [ h ] _ i ` ] [ o m ch a h _ q \ f _ _ ^ ch a q cn b cn*
= _ ` i l _ ] f i m ch a ( [ ` n_ l D n b i l i o a b f s [ m m _ m m b _ g i m n [ m c m ( [ fcnnf_
g i l _ o h ^ _ l g c h ch a i ` n b _ h _ ] e ` f[ j cm i ` n_ h h _ _ ^ _ ^ ni l _ f_ [ m_
j o ] e _ l _ ^ me ch ch nb _ ch ` _ l ci l [ h ^ f[ n_ l [ f h _ ] e * D` i h f s [ h [ l l i q [ fì
f_ s i ` g c^ f ch _ me ch cm o h ^ _ l g ch _ ^ ` i l ch m _ l nch a nb _ g c^ f ch _ j f [ ns m ì
g [ [ j j l i r cg [ nci h m o no l _ m ( [ p _ l n c] [ f m e ch ` i f ^ ] i o f ^ \ _ ] l _ [ n_ ^
i l _ r [ ] _ l \ [ n_ ^ [ m nb _ m e ch )[ nn[ ] b _ ^ g o m ] f _ i h _ [ ] b m c^ _ cm [ ^ ì
p [ h ] _ ^ n i q [ l ^ nb _ g c^ fch _ * O i j l _ p _ h n nb cm ( n b _ h _ ] e ` f [ j b [ m n i
\ _ l _ f _ [ m _ ^ ` [ l _ h i o a b f [ n_ l [ f f s i h _ [ ] b m c^ _ n i [ f f i q cn n i \ _
[ ^ _ k o [ n _ f s [ ] ] i g g i ^ [ n _ ^ *

"
n Q] ` a S b ^ ZObg a [
O^ ZOa bg
OC @ > J MN@O P NDI B OC @ B J )< I TR C@M@ NP OP M@
D o m _ nb cm p [ l c[ nci h i ` nb _ ] f[ mmc] n_ ] b h ck o _ ch g i m n j [ nc_ h nm b [ p ch a [ ] i l m _ n
j f [ ns m g [ j f [ m ns * R cnb nb cm g _ nb i ^ ( nb _ mc^ _ j f_ [ nm [ h ^ i nb _ l [ m)h _ _ ^ _ ^ j f_ [ nm
[ l _ ] l _ [ n_ ^ q cnb nb _ m [ g _ l o h h ch a mo no l _ nb [ n cm o m_ ^ ` i l nb _ g c^ fch _ m_ [ g *
O b _ O W %I V a _ P M Z M [ ] \ ] ZM j l i p c^ _ m g _ q cnb nb _ ` l _ _ ^ i g ni g [ e _ [ ^ _ n i o l i ` `
ni i h _ mc^ _ i l nb _ i nb _ l q b _ l _ p _ l [ g o m ] f _ \ o f a _ i l g o m ] f _ n _ [ l l _ k o cl _ m
cg \ l c] [ nci h i l l _ j [ cl * A[ \ l c] [ nch a [ ] i l m_ n q cnb nb _ a i )[ h s q b _ l _ mo no l _ o m o ì
[ ffs n[ e _ m f_ mm n cg _ nb [ h n b _ ] f[ mmc] n_ ] b h ck o _ ^ i _ m* < h ^ nb _ a i )[ h s q b _ l _
mo no l _ f_ [ p _ m i h fs i h _ j i n_ h nc[ ffs p cmc\ f_ i l j [ fj [ \ f_ ^ cmmi fp ch a m o no l _ e h i n
o h ^ _ l n b _ m e ch ã nb _ i h _ nb [ n _ h ^ m nb _ l o h *
Dh g i m n ] [ m_ m nb cm j l i ] _ ^ o l _ cm c^ _ h nc] [ f ni nb _ ] f[ mmc] ] i l m_ n( _ r ] _ j n nb [ n [ m
nb _ o j q [ l ^ m _ ] i h ^ l i q i ` mo no l ch a [ j j l i [ ] b _ m nb _ j l i g ch _ h ] _ i ` nb _ nb s l i c^
] [ l ncf[ a _ ( ch mn_ [ ^ i ` ] i h nch o ch a mnl [ ca b n o j nb _ g c^ fch _ ni nb _ ] b ch ( nb _ mo no l _
p _ _ l m ni i h _ mc^ _ i l nb _ i nb _ l ni no ] e ch q b [ n_ p _ l g o m] f _ \ o fa _ m g [ s \ _ j l _ mì
_ h n \ _ ` i l _ l _ no l h ch a ni nb _ g c^ fch _ ni ` ch cmb nb _ l o h o j ni nb _ ] b ch *
O b _ g c^ fch _ )m_ [ g ch a mo no l _ b [ m [ m] _ h ^ _ ^
ni nb _ j i ch n q b _ l _ [ \ o f a _ cm m _ _ h \ _ f i q
nb _ d[ q f ch _ i h \ i nb mc^ _ m* O b _ \ o g j i h
nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m l ca b n cm [ fcnnf_ f i q _ l nb [ h nb _
i h _ i h nb _ f_ ` n( [ h ^ mi cn q cff \ _ ^ _ [ fn q cnb
` cl mn* O b _ mo no l _ g [ e _ m [ l ca b n [ h a f_ ^ _ ni o l
` l i g nb _ g c^ fch _ [ h ^ g [ e _ m i h _ i l n q i
nl [ h mp _ l m_ L W TX P QV L QG' M[ nb l i o a b nb _ g o m ì
] f_ ni l _ [ ] b n b _ ] [ o ^ [ f \ [ m _ i ` nb _ \ o fa _ *
= _ ] [ o m_ D [ g l ca b n)b [ h ^ _ ^ ( D j f[ ] _ _ [ ] b
b i l ct i h n[ f m ncn] b i ` nb _ l o h h ch a mo no l _ ch ni
nb _ g o m] f_ ch [ l ca b n)ni )f _ ` n ` [ mb ci h ( _ p _ h
q b _ h nb _ l o h h ch a mo no l _ cm g i p ch a [ q [ s
` l i g g _ ni q [ l ^ nb _ l ca b n mc^ _ * R b _ h nb _
mo no l _ cm j o ff_ ^ nca b n( D] [ h #n n_ ff q b c] b q [ s
nb _ \ cn_ m q _ l _ j f[ ] _ ^ ã ` i l _ b [ h ^ ( \ [ ] e b [ h ^ (
p _ l nc] [ f( i l nl [ h mp _ l m_ *

\ SQY ZW
Tb
< \ cn_ cm nb _ h n[ e _ h do mn f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ \ i nì
ni g i ` nb _ \ o g j ni \ _ a ch [ p _ l nc] [ f j f_ [ n
nb [ n l o h m ` l i g \ _ f i q o j q [ l ^ *
O b _ mo no l _ cm U I \ \ Z M [ [ M L \ [ ] e [ h ^ ` i l nb
[ ] l i mm nb _ \ o fa _ o h ncf nb _ mo j _ l ci l [ j _ r i `
nb _ \ o g j b [ m \ _ _ h h c] _ fs ` f[ nn_ h _ ^ *

"
n Q] ` a S b ^ ZObg a [
O^ ZOa bg
< n nb _ ni j i ` nb _ \ o g j ( ch nb _ cffo mnl [ nci h m
[ \ i p _ ( nb _ mo no l _ no l h m [ l i o h ^ [ h ^ b _ [ ^ m
\ [ ] e ^ i q h q [ l ^ ( q _ [ p ch a ` l i g mc^ _ ni mc^ _ ni
l _ ` ch _ nb _ no ] e ( ^ _ m] _ h ^ ch a ni nb _ f_ p_ f [ n
q b c] b nb _ ^ _ ni o l \ _ a [ h * O b _ mo no l _ cm nb _ h
q i p _ h \ [ ] e nb l i o a b nb _ g o m] f _ ni nb _ g c^ ì
fch _ !TMN\ "$ [ h ^ nb _ h _ cnb _ l ] i g j f_ n_ m nb _ o j b cff
g c^ fch _ nca b n_ h ch a ni nb _ ] b ch ( i l nb _ mo no l _
] l i mm_ m nb _ g c^ fch _ [ h ^ ^ i fj b ch ^ cp _ m i p _ l ni
nb _ \ [ m_ i ` nb _ \ o fa _ i h nb [ n mc^ _ ( q b _ l _ [
no ] e )ch j f_ [ n cm \ _ a o h nb _ l _ !ZQOP \ "&
N i g _ n cg _ m i h f s [ m ncn] b i l n q i cm h _ _ ^ _ ^
ni ` f [ nn_ h n b _ \ o g j 7 i nb _ l ncg _ m ( [ fi h a
j f _ [ n cm
l _ k o cl _ ^ ( [ m m b i q h
[ n nb _ f_ ` n*
O b _ h nb _ mo no l _ cm i h ] _ [ a [ ch q i p _ h \ [ ] e
nb l i o a b nb _ g o m ] f _ ni nb _ g c^ fch _ ( q b _ l _ cn
] i h nch o _ m o j n i n b _ ] b ch $[ h ^ nb _ h j _ l b [ j m
^ i q h [ a [ ch ` i l [ ` _ q ] _ h ncg _ n_ l m% ni ] i g ì
j f_ n_ n b _ ] i l m _ n*

\ S QY ZW
Tb
OC @ > J H KG@O@? > J MN@O P NDI B OC @
B J )< I T R C @M@ NP OP M@
N i g _ ncg _ m ( [ m nb _ m _ ] i h ^ l i q \ i nn i g ) n i ) n i j m o no l ch a cm \ _ ch a
^ i h _ ( g i l _ nb [ h i h _ \ o g j q cff \ _ m_ _ h i ` ` ni nb _ mc^ _ * Dh nb [ n
] [ m_ ( nb _ m o no l _ cm q i p _ h nb l i o a b nb _ g o m ] f _ ni no ] e ch nb _ h _ [ l ì
_ m n \ o g j *
R b _ h nb [ n j f_ [ n cm ` ch cmb _ ^ ( nb _ l o h h _ l cm q i p _ h
nb l i o a b nb _ g o m ] f _ [ a [ ch ni l _ [ ] b nb _ g i l _ f[ n_ l [ f \ o g j * < h ^
nb _ h i h ni nb _ h _ r n( \ _ ` i l _ l _ no l h ch a ni nb _ g c^ fch _ * O b cm f_ [ p _ m
m_ p _ l [ f
m b i l n ch n_ l m j [ ] _ ^ p _ l nc] [ f
g o m ] f _
j f_ [ nm nb [ n
g [ s
\ _
j f[ ] _ ^ [ h s q b _ l _ *

"
n
Q] ` a S b ^ ZObg a [
O^ ZOa bg
< QJ D? DI B < H D? GDI @ MD? B@
D ] [ h #n m [ s nb [ n Dh _ p _ l b [ p _ [ j i m ni j _ l [ ncp _ g c^ fch _ l c^ a _ [ ` n_ l [
] i l m_ n j f [ ns m g [ j f [ m ns ã D ^ i ( \ o n l [ l _ fs ( ch j _ l b [ j m - ! i ` ] [ m_ m i l
f_ mm( [ h ^ nb [ n l c^ a _ cm h _ p _ l j l _ m_ h n [ n nb _ _ h ^ i ` mo l a _ l s ( [ h ^ [ fì
g i m n h _ p _ l q cnb ch nb _ ` cl mn ` _ q g i h n b m [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s * J ] ] [ m ci h ì
[ ffs ( [ n / i l g i l _ g i h nb m j i mni j _ l [ ncp _ fs ( m i g _ m] [ l ncmmo _ q cff
b [ p _ ch p [ ^ _ ^ nb _ m o \ g _ h n[ f j i l nci h i ` nb _ g c^ fch _ m _ [ g j l i ^ o ] ì
ch a [ mfca b n nb c] e _ h ch a o mo [ ffs i h fs m_ _ h i l ` _ fn q b _ h nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m
b _ [ ^ cm ncfn_ ^ \ [ ] e * O b cm ^ _ f[ s _ ^ nb c] e _ h ch a ( q b cf _ o h ] i g g i h ( cm
j _ l b [ j m o h [ p i c^ [ \ f_ ch m i g _ j [ nc_ h nm* Dnm nl _ [ ng _ h n cm ^ cm ] o m m _ ^
ch > b [ j n_ l - . * R b _ h Db _ [ l ` l i g ] i ff_ [ a o _ m nb [ n nb _ cl j [ nc_ h nm ` l _ ì
k o _ h nf s ^ _ p _ f i j [ g c^ fch _ l c^ a _ [ ` n _ l [ ] i l m _ n j f [ ns m g [ j f [ m ns (
cn cm fce _ fs nb [ n nb cm j l i \ f_ g cm n b _ l _ m o f n i ` [ h [ p i c^ [ \ f _ n _ ] b h cì
] [ f _ l l i l ã _ mj _ ] c[ ffs c` cn cm m_ _ h cg g _ ^ c[ n_ fs [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s *
OC @ AJ GGJ R DI B H < I @P Q@MN C@GK OJ < QJ D? < KJ NOJ K@M< ODQ@ H D? GDI @ MD? B@6
& > M@< ODI B NK< > @ < GJ I B OC @ H D? GDI @ OJ M@> @DQ@ OC @ DI Q@MO@? H P N> G@ @? B @N
î
DI Q@MODI B * M< OC @M OC < I @Q@MODI B * OC @ H P N> G@ @? B @N ã NO< MODI B R DOC OC @ ADMNO
NODO> C
î
P NDI B < MP I I DI B NP OP M@ M< OC @M OC < I DI O@MMP KO@? NP OP M@N
î
P NDI B < O G@< NO O R J MJ R N J A NP OP M@N $J I @ M J R J A NP OP M @N J AO@I > M@< O@N <
NGDB C O MD? B @%
î
P NDI B H J M@* M< OC @M OC < I G@NN* NP OP MDI B OJ OP > F DI H D? GDI @ < I ? K< M< H @? D< I H P Nì
> G@ = P H KN
î
< GDOOG@ GP > F
R C < O OJ ? J R DOC H P N> G@ C J G@N
J M O@< MN
N i g _ ncg _ m q b cf _ o h ^ _ l g ch ch a nb _ me ch ` f[ j ( l _ g i p ch a ` [ n ` l i g
nb _ mo l ` [ ] _ i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ( o h ^ _ l ] o nnch a nb _ g _ ^ c[ f j f[ ns mg [ ni
g i \ cfct _ cn( i l mo no l ch a nb _ g o m ] f _ ` i l [ j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns ( \ o nni h ì
b i f_ m i l n_ [ l m [ j j _ [ l ch nb _ g o m] f_ * ? _ ` _ ] nm ch nb _ j f[ ns mg [ [ l _
[ fmi ` i o h ^ ch j [ nc_ h nm q b i j l _ p ci o m f s b [ ^ [ h _ ] e fc`n* D` n b _ m _
l _ h nm ch n b _ g o m ] f _ ` [ \ l c] i ] ] o l f [ n_ l [ f f s n b _ s ] [ h \ _ ca h i l _ ^ (
\ o n c` n b _ s i ] ] o l [ f i h a i l \ _ f i q n b _ g _ ^ c[ f n q i nb cl ^ m i ` nb _
d[ q fch _ ( i p _ l fs ch a nb _ m o \ g [ h ^ c\ o f [ l m[ fcp [ l s a f[ h ^ ( i l [ h s q b _ l _
h _ [ l nb _ g c^ fch _ ( nb _ s m b i o f ^ \ _ l _ j [ cl _ ^ ni l _ ^ o ] _ n b _ j i mmc\ cfì
cns i ` [ j i m n i j _ l [ n cp _ \ o f a _ i ] ] o l l ch a [ n [ q _ [ e mj i n*

\ SQY ZW
Tb
O i l _ j [ cl b i f_ m i l n_ [ l m ch nb _ g o m] f_ ( nb _ mo l a _ i h i ` n_ h g o m n g [ e _ [ h _ r ì
] _ j nci h ni nb _ l o f_ i ` i h fs ` [ \ l c] [ nch a p _ l nc] [ f j f_ [ nm ch nb _ j f[ ns mg [ * D` [ b i f_
ch nb _ g o m ] f _ ] [ h i h fs \ _ ] fi m_ ^ nl [ h m p _ l m _ f s ( cn mb i o f^ \ _ ] fi m_ ^ ch n b [ n ^ cì
l _ ] nci h * < m_ ] o l _ ` ca o l _ )i ` )_ ca b n mo no l _ g [ s mo ` ` c] _ ( i l [ nq i )f [ s _ l \ [ ] e )[ h ^ )
` i l nb l o h h ch a mo no l _ g [ s \ _ h _ _ ^ _ ^ ã _ cnb _ l [ m [ h ch ^ _ j _ h ^ _ h n l _ j [ cl ( i l [ m [
^ _ ni o l o mch a nb _ a i )[ h s q b _ l _ mo no l _ ^ o l ch a ] i h mnl o ] nci h i ` [ ] i l m_ n* M_ ì
a [ l ^ f_ mm i ` nb _ ^ cl _ ] nci h i ` nb _ m_ [ g m o m_ ^ ` i l nb _ l _ j [ cl ( nb _ ] _ h nl [ f ch n_ a l cns
i ` nb _ g o m] f_ mb i o f^ \ _ l _ mni l _ ^ [ m m_ ] o l _ fs [ m j i mmc\ f_ *
< ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ( [ fi ] [ fct _ ^ b _ g [ ni g [ i l m_ l i g [ nb [ n ] i h nch o i o mfs \ [ nb _ m [ l _ ì
j [ cl _ ^ [ l _ [ i ` j f[ ns mg [ ch m_ l i o m ` fo c^ g [ s ` o l nb _ l mi ` n_ h nb _ q _ [ e _ h _ ^ g o m ì
] f_ _ h i o a b mi nb [ n nb _ mo no l _ m q i h #n b i f^ ch nb _ m i a a s g o m] f_ * Ob _ l _ ` i l _ m o ] ì
nci h ^ l [ ch m mb i o f^ \ _ j f[ ] _ ^ h _ [ l nb _ mcn_ i ` g o m ] f _ l _ j [ cl [ h ^ f_ ` n ch fi h a
_ h i o a b ni j l _ p _ h n [ j o ^ ^ f_ ` l i g ] i ff_ ] nch a *
G< O@M< G < > > @NN OP > F )DI NP OP M@
< ` n_ l [ j l i j _ l ] i l m_ n b [ m \ _ _ h ` [ \ l c] [ n_ ^ [ h ^ nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m b _ [ ^ b [ m \ _ _ h
no l h _ ^ ni nb _ mc^ _ ` i l ] fi mo l _ i ` nb _ f[ n_ l [ f ch ] cmci h ( [ g o m] f_ \ o g j nb [ n q [ m
h i n nb _ l _ q b _ h nb _ b _ [ ^ q [ m ` [ ] ch a mnl [ ca b n o j cm mi g _ ncg _ m m_ _ h do mn o h ^ _ l
nb _ d[ q fch _ * Ob cm \ o fa _ cm i ` n_ h fi ] [ n_ ^ k o cn_ g _ ^ c[ ffs * O i \ _ ] _ l n[ ch nb [ n cn
q i h #n \ _ p cmc\ f_ [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ( D no ] e cn ch q cnb [ ` ca o l _ )i ` )_ ca b n mo no l _ i l [ l o h ì
h ch a g [ nnl _ mm mo no l _ nb [ n cm j f[ ] _ ^ ch nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ` l i g nb _ f[ n_ l [ f j _ l c[ o l c] o ì
f[ l ch ] cmci h *
Ob cm m [ g _ n_ ] b h ck o _ cm [ fmi o m _ ^ ni no ] e ch [ j f [ ns m g [ \ o fa _ i l [ m o \ ì
g [ h ^ c\ o f [ l m[ fcp [ l s a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ ch [ j [ nc_ h n q b i ^ i _ m h i n q [ h n [ m o \ g _ h ì
n[ f ch ] cmci h [ j j l i [ ] b *

" n Q] ` a S b ^ ZObga [
O^ ZOa bg
Ai l n b _ o mo [ f ` ca o l _ )i ` )_ ca b n mo no l _ ( D j l _ mm ^ i q h i h nb _ \ o g j q cnb nb _
] fi m_ ^ ncj m i ` nb _ fi h a ` i l ] _ j m mi nb [ n D ] [ h m_ _ \ _ s i h ^ nb _ \ o g j ( q b cf_ D
l _ [ ] b ch q cnb nb _ fi h a h _ _ ^ f_ b i f^ _ l ni n[ e _ [ p _ l nc] [ f h _ _ ^ f_ \ cn_ i ` g o m] f_ do mn
ch ` l i h n i ` nb _ \ o fa _ [ h ^ do mn \ _ f i q nb _ d[ q fch _ !TMN\ "& O b _ h _ r n \ cn_ cm f[ n_ l [ f ni
nb _ \ o g j do mn \ _ f i q nb _ d[ q fch _ !ZQOP \ "&
O b _ h _ r n \ cn_ cm [ a [ ch g _ ^ c[ f ni nb _ l _ g [ ch ch a \ o g j \ o n g i l _ ] [ o ^ [ f nb [ h nb _
` cl mn mncn] b !TMN\ "& < h ^ nb _ f[ mn \ cn_ cm f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ l _ mc^ o [ f \ o g j !ZQOP \ "&

\ SQY ZW
Tb
D i ` n_ h o m_ nb _ fi h a h _ _ ^ f_ b i f^ _ l ni j o ff nb _ mb i l n _ h ^ i ` nb _ m o ì
no l _ g _ ^ c[ ffs j [ mn nb _ e h i n ni nca b nfs [ h ^ m_ ] o l _ fs m h o a ^ i q h
_ [ ] b fi i j i ` nb _ e h i n* < m g [ h s [ ^ ^ cnci h [ f g o m ] f _ \ cn_ m [ m h _ _ ^ _ ^
m b i o f ^ \ _ o m_ ^ \ _ ` i l _ \ a QV O nb _ mo no l _ ni no ] e ch nb _ g o m ] f _ ` i l [
m] o f j no l _ ^ d[ q fch _ ] i h ni o l * < h ^ i h _ ] [ p _ [ n6 O b _ d[ q fch _ [ h ^ m o \ ì
g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l j f[ ns mg [ mb i o f ^ \ _ ] f_ [ l _ ^ i ` ` [ n \ _ ` i l _ nb _ m_ j f_ [ nì
ch a mo no l _ m [ l _ ch m_ l n_ ^ * D` ` [ n \ _ ] i g _ m nc_ ^ o j ch n b _ m o no l _ ( [ h
o h q [ h n _ ^ \ o g j g [ s \ _ j l i ^ o ] _ ^ *
P KK@M KG< OTNH < < KKMJ S DH < ODJ I
Kl _ i j _ l [ ncp _ fs m i g _ j [ nc_ h nm ^ cmj f[ s m b i l n j f [ ns m g [ \ [ h ^ m nb [ n
m ni j [ n i l [ \ i p _ nb _ f_ p _ f i ` nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ j l i g ch _ h ] _ ( [ m
q [ m m_ _ h ch nb cm j [ nc_ h n mn[ h ^ ch a [ h ^ l _ ] fch ch a \ _ ` i l _ mo l a _ l s *
J nb _ l m b [ p _ nb _ cl g cf ^ f s f[ r o j j _ l j f [ ns m g [ \ i l ^ _ l m ^ cm] i p _ l _ ^
[ n m o l a _ l s [ ` n_ l [ m o \ ] o n[ h _ i o m fcj _ ] ni g s b [ m o h ] i p _ l _ ^ nb _
j f[ ns mg [ * Dh nb _ m _ j [ nc_ h nm( c` nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ] _ l p c] [ f ` [ m] c[ [ h ^
j f [ n s m g [
l _ n[ ch ch a
f ca [ g _ h nm
b i f^ ch a
nb _
g _ ^ c[ f
j f[ ns mg [
_ ^ a _ m K I ] L I T n i n b _ j l i g ch _ h ] _ i ` nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf [ a _ [ l _
nca b n( [ h ^ c` nb _ l _ cm h i ch ^ c] [ nci h ` i l m o \ j f[ ns mg [ f [ _ mnb _ nc] m o l ì
a _ l s ( nb _ h [ h o j j _ l _ ^ a _ [ j j l i r cg [ nci h i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ f _ ^ a _ m
g [ s \ _ [ ff nb [ n cm h _ _ ^ _ ^ ni _ fcg ch [ n_ nb _ mg [ ff \ [ h ^ m [ h ^ ` f[ nn_ h
[ g i ^ _ m nf s mf[ ] e m o \ g _ h n[ f t i h _ *

" n Q] `a S b ^ ZObga [
O^ ZOa bg
< mb i l n i h _ )f[ s _ l l o h h ch a m_ [ g i ` n_ h
mo ` ` c] _ m ch nb cm mcno [ nci h ( [ fnb i o a b [ nq i )
f[ s _ l m_ [ g cm mi g _ ncg _ m [ j j l i j l c[ n_ ã
nb o m [ j j l i r cg [ nch a nb _ g _ ^ c[ f g o m] f_
_ ^ a _ m ` l i g nb _ ] b ch ni nb _ j l i g ch _ h ] _
i ` nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ ( i l j _ l b [ j m do mn
[ fcnnf_ b ca b _ l i l fi q _ l * Ob _ g o m] f_ \ cn_ m
mb i o f^ \ _ e _ j n ] fi m_ ni nb _ _ ^ a _ m mi
nb [ n nb _ g _ ^ c[ f g o m] f_ \ i l ^ _ l m nb [ n
fc_ ] [ o ^ [ f ni nb cm fcg cn_ ^ o j j _ l g c^ fch _
m _ [ g [ l _ h i n c[ nl i a _ h c] [ ffs g [ ^ _ ch ni
h _ q f i q _ l j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h \ [ h ^ m \ s l i fì
fch a nb _ g ch ni [ mn[ h ^ )o j j i mcnci h * D`
i h fs [ i h _ )f[ s _ l [ j j l i r cg [ nci h cm ^ i h _ (
[ ` _ q ch n_ l l o j n_ ^ mo no l _ m i p _ l nb _ ch ì
p _ l n_ ^ m_ [ g [ l _ [ ^ ^ _ ^ ni fi ] e nb _ l o h ì
h ch a mo no l _ ch j f[ ] _ *

h _ ] e fc`n
D` D] i h mc^ _ l [ h o j j _ l _ ^ a _ [ j j l i r cg [ nci h [ n mo l a _ l s ( D g o mn \ _ ] i h p ch ] _ ^ nb [ n
nb _ fi q _ l j f[ ns mg [ \ i l ^ _ l m l _ [ ffs [ l _ ` cl g fs \ i o h ^ ^ i q h * Dh ] [ h ^ c^ [ n_ m ` i l nb _
j l i ] _ ^ o l _ ( o mo [ ffs D m_ _ [ ^ cmnch ] n q b cn_ nl [ h mfo ] _ h n g _ g \ l [ h _ i ` ` [ m] c[ mj [ h ì
h ch a nb _ g c^ fch _ ( [ h ^ q b _ h D nl s ni fc`n o j i h nb _ f i q _ l g o m] f_ _ ^ a _ m( nb _ s
^ i h #n \ o ^ a _ * D` nb [ n#m nb _ ] [ m_ ( D ^ i h i nb ch a ni ^ cmno l \ nb _ ch n_ a l cns i ` nb [ n \ ch ^ ì
ch a ` [ m] c[ * D ^ i h #n ] o n nb _ _ ^ a _ m ` l _ _ ( [ h ^ D^ i h #n l _ g i p _ [ h s g c^ fch _ ` [ n( \ _ ì
] [ o m_ c` D^ i ( D#ff q cm b nb [ n D b [ ^ ^ i h _ [ l _ [ f ] i l m_ n c` fi q _ l j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m [ j ì
j _ [ l f[ n_ l i h *
D ^ i h #n ^ i [ h o j j _ l _ ^ a _ [ j j l i r cg [ nci h p _ l s i ` n_ h * P mo [ ffs ( [ n mo l a _ l s ( q b _ h
D nb ch e nb [ n [ ff D q cff h _ _ ^ cm [ h o j j _ l [ j j l i r cg [ nci h ( D ` ch ^ nb [ n q b _ h nb _ l o h ì
h ch a mo no l _ l _ [ ] b _ m nb _ j l i g ch _ h ] _ i ` nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ ( do mn nb _ fcnnf_ \ cn i `
g _ ^ c[ f [ ^ p [ h ] _ g _ h n i ` nb _ g o m] f_ m ch nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f t i h _ q cff b [ p _ g [ ^ _ nb _
j f[ ns mg [ _ ^ a _ m \ _ fi q nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ j i j i o n* Ni D e _ _ j mo no l ch a ( [ h ^
j l _ nns mi i h D#g ch ni [ ` o ff ] i l m_ n*
O b _ ` _ g [ f_ j [ nc_ h n m b i q h [ \ i p _ b [ ^ mb i l n j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f_ \ [ h ^ m pcmc\ f_ j l _ )
i j _ l [ ncp_ fs * Ob _ g [ f_ j [ nc_ h n !J MTW_ "$ b [ ^ h i p cmc\ f_ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp _ \ [ h ^ m \ o n [ ` ì
n_ l [ h i j _ h mo \ g _ h n[ f fcj _ ] ni g s q [ m ` i o h ^ ni b [ p _ g i ^ _ mnfs l _ f[ r _ ^ o j j _ l
j f[ ns mg [ \ i l ^ _ l m* = i nb j [ nc_ h nm b [ ^ fi q _ l j f[ ns mg [ _ ^ a _ m nb [ n q _ l _ nca b nfs
[ h ] b i l _ ^ ch j f[ ] _ * Oi j l _ p _ h n o j j _ l j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m ` l i g [ j j _ [ l ch a j i mni j _ l )
[ ncp_ fs ( [ h ^ ni ` o l nb _ l ` f[ nn_ h nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f j f[ h _ ( [ h o j j _ l j f [ ns m g [ [ j j l i r ì
cg [ nci h q [ m ^ i h _ ch _ [ ] b ] [ m_ ( q cnb ] [ l _ n[ e _ h h i n ni j l i ^ o ] _ h _ q fi q _ l
j f[ ns mg [ ] i l ^ m*

c -
)
] i l m _ n j f [ n s m g [ j f [ m n s
R C < O DN < > J MN@O( < I ? R C < O DN I J O
D` [ m o l a _ i h ^ i _ m g i l _ n b [ h do m n [ m b i l n g c^ f ch _ j f [ n s m g [ j fcì
] [ n ci h ( b _ i l m b _ cm [ j n n i ] [ ff n b _ j l i ] _ ^ o l _ [ ] i l m _ n j f [ n s m g [ ì
j f [ m ns * D#g j f _ [ m _ ^ n b [ n n b _ n _ l g K W Z [ M \ b [ m \ _ ] i g _ j [ l n i ` n b _
j f [ m n c] m o l a _ l s p i ] [ \ o f [ l s ( \ o n g i m n i ` n b _ j f [ n s m g [ j f [ m n c _ m \ _ ì
ch a ^ _ m ] l c \ _ ^ [ m ] i l m _ n m l _ [ f f s [ l _ h i n* D` n b _ j l i ] _ ^ o l _ ch p i f p _ m
[ h s [ g i o h n i ` j f [ n s m g [
l _ m _ ] n ci h
i l n l [ h m _ ] n c i h n i
_ f cg ch [ n _
g o m ] f _ \ [ h ^ m ( cn ] [ h #n b _ ] [ f f _ ^ [ ] i l m _ n * D` [ l i q i ` Q V \ M Z Z ] X \ M L
V W V QV ^ M Z \ Q V O [ ] \ ] Z M [ cm o m _ ^ [ f i h a n b _ g c^ f ch _ ( cn cm h i n [ ] i l m _ n (
_ p _ h c` n b _ di ch cm ] i h n c h o _ ^ f i q ch n b _ h _ ] e * D` i \ p c i o m g o m ] f _
\ o g j m [ l _ f_ ` n [ f i h a n b _ g c^ f ch _ m _ [ g ( i l ch n b _ j [ l [ g _ ^ c [ h i l
m o \ g [ h ^ c \ o f [ l [ l _ [ m ( n b _ j l i ] _ ^ o l _ cm h i n [ n l o _ ] i l m _ n j f [ n s m g [ ì
j f [ m ns * < h o j j _ l _ ^ a _ j f c] [ nci h $do m n ^ _ m ] l c \ _ ^ %( _ p _ h c` cn ch p i f p _ m
[ n q i ) f [ s _ l m _ [ g ( cm h i n [ ] i l m _ n * < h ^ ` ch [ ffs ( [ ] i l m _ n ^ i _ m h i n
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ni g s * < l ] b J ni f[ l s h a i f C_ [ ^ I _ ] e No l a - - 5 62 5 0 ( - 5 5 / *
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mnl o ] ncp_ No l a _ l s * K[ l cm* - 5 3 1 *
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j f[ ns mg [ f `[ ] _ )fc`n i j _ l [ nci h * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 2 / 6/ 2 0 ( - 5 3 5 *
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Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 2 2 64 . 2 ( - 5 4 , *
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0 5 1 ( . , , , *
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fc`n6 < h [ ni g c] [ f mno ^ s [ h ^ [ h [ fs mcm i ` / , ] [ m_ m \ s ? [ h c_ f G[ \ \ 2 ( M*B* Al [ h ] i ( [ h ^
E* I c] i f[ m* Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a - - 3 6. , , 4 ( . , , 2 *
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g c^ fch _ ni cg j l i p_ nb _ ] _ l pc] [ f j l i `cf_ ; < h [ h [ ni g c] mno ^ s o mch a . , ] [ ^ [ p_ l m \ s
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\ s < h ni h ci Ao _ h n_ ^ _f > [ g j i * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a - , . 6- 3 - 1 ( - 5 5 4 *
0 , * A_ f^ g [ h ( EE* A[ ] _ i l h _ ] e fc`n q cnb i o n [ j i mn)[ o l c] o f[ l ch ] cmci h * < \ mnl [ ] nm i ` nb _
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< l ] b J ni f[ l s h a i f 3 / 6- 1 / ( - 5 2 - *
0 0 * Al c_ ^ f[ h ^ E< * ? cm] o mmci h i ` B l s me c_ q c] t EH * No \ g _ h n[ f mo ] nci h )[ mmcmn_ ^ fcj ì
_ ] ni g s q cnb i o n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns 6 Ko mb ch a nb _ $me ch % _ h p_ fi j _ ni [ pi c^ [ `[ ] _ fc`n `i l
o h mo cn[ \ f_ ] [ h ^ c^ [ n_ m* Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a - - . 6- 0 , 2 ( . , , / *
0 1 * Ao _ h n_ ^ _f > [ g j i < * H c^ fch _ j f[ ns mg [ g o m] o f[ l i p_ l f[ j `i l h _ ] e l _ mni l [ nci h * Kf[ mn
M_ ] i h mnl No l a - , . 6- 3 - , ( - 5 5 4 *
0 2 * Ao l h [ m ? R * ? cm] o mmci h i ` wt ^ _ g cl M( F cfch ] C( x h f~ M@( P s m[ f < > ( N_ g m} t J (
= [ l [ h > I * < h [ ni g c] i b cmni fi a c] mno ^ s i ` nb _ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm i ` nb _ `[ ] _ [ h ^
o m_ ch `[ ] _ fc`n6 M_ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h n ] i l l _ ] nci h [ h ^ NH < N j fc] [ nci h * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl
No l a - - , 6- - 0 4 ( . , , . *
0 3 * Ao l h [ m ? R * Ob _ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm i ` nb _ ] b _ _ e * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 4/ 6- - ( - 5 4 5 *
0 4 * Ao l h [ m ? R * Nnl [ n_ a c_ m ` i l h [ mi f[ \ c[ f f_ pcn[ nci h * > fch Kf[ mn No l a . . 6. 2 1 ( - 5 5 1 *

" n Q] `a Sb ^ ZObga[
O^ ZOabg
0 5 * Bc[ g j [ j [ Q> * I _ ] e l _ ] i h ni o l ch a q cnb mo no l _ mo mj _ h mci h [ h ^ fcj i mo ] nci h 6 < h [ fì
n_ l h [ ncp_ ` i l nb _ _ [ l fs l b s nc^ _ ] ni g s ] [ h ^ c^ [ n_ * < _ mnb _ nc] Kf[ mn No l a - 5 6. - 3 ( - 5 5 1 *
1 , * Bc[ g j [ j [ Q* ? _ `ch ch a nb _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l ] i h ni o l q cnb fcj i mo ] nci h [ h ^ mo no l _ mo mì
j _ h mci h n_ ] b h ck o _ m6 Ob _ e _ s ni [ s i o nb ` o f d[ q fch _ * Kl _ m_ h n_ ^ [ n nb _ Dh n_ l h [ nci h [ f
Ni ] c_ ns i ` < _ mnb _ nc] Kf[ mnc] No l a _ l s [ h ^ nb _ Gcj i j f[ mns Ni ] c_ ns i ` I i l nb < g _ l c] [
Ns g j i mco g i h < ^ p[ h ] _ ^ A[ ] c[ f > i h ni o l ch a ( N[ h ? c_ a i ( < j l cf - 5 5 - *
1 - * B c[ g j [ j [ Q( ? c = _ l h [ l ^ i = @* I _ ] e l _ ] i h ni o l ch a q cnb mo no l _ mo mj _ h mci h [ h ^ fcj i ì
mo ] nci h 6 < h [ fn_ l h [ ncp_ ` i l _ [ l fs l b s nc^ _ ] ni g s ] [ h ^ c^ [ n_ m* < _ mnb _ nc] Kf[ mn No l a
- 5 6. - 3 ( - 5 5 1 *
1 . * Bi h t [ f_ t )P ffi [ H * Ob _ b cmni l s i ` l b s nc^ _ ] ni g s * < _ mnb _ nc] Kf[ mn No l a 0 6- ( - 5 4 , *
1 / * B l s me c_ q c] t EH * No \ g _ h n[ f mo ] nci h )[ mmcmn_ ^ fcj _ ] ni g s q cnb i o n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns 6
Ko mb ch a nb _ $me ch % _ h p_ fi j _ ni [ pi c^ [ `[ ] _ fc`n ` i l o h mo cn[ \ f_ ] [ h ^ c^ [ n_ m* Kf[ mn
M_ ] i h mnl No l a - - . 6- / 5 / ( . , , / *
1 0 * Bo _ l l _ l i m[ h ni m E* No l a c] [ f ] i l l _ ] nci h i ` nb _ `[ nns `[ ff_h h _] e * < h h Kf[ mn No l a . 6/ 4 5 (
- 5 3 5 *
1 1 * Bo _ l l _ l i m[ h ni m E* _n [ f* >i l l _ ] nci h i ` ] _l pc] i )`[ ] c[ f q l ch e f_ m* M_ p N[ h Bo [ ^ $H _ r % 0 65 3 (
- 5 3 - *
1 2 * Bo _ l l _ l i m[ h ni m E* H o m] o f[ l `f[ j ch ] _ l pc] [ f l b s nc^ i j f[ mns * Kl _ m_ h n_ ^ [ n nb _ < h h o [ f
H _ _ nch a i ` nb _ < g _ l c] [ h Ni ] c_ ns i ` Kf[ mnc] [ h ^ M_ ] i h mnl o ] ncp_ No l a _ i h m( Ci ffs ì
q i i ^ ( AG( J ] n - 5 3 / *
1 3 * B o _ l l _ l i m[ h ni m E* N_ ] nci h ch a [ h ^ fc`ncha i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f_ * Kl _ m_ h n_ ^ [ n nb _
Dh n_ l h [ nci h [ f Ns g j i mco g i h < _ mnb _ nc] No l a _ l s ( Afi l _ h ] _ ( Dn[ fs( < j l cf - 5 3 . *
1 4 * Bo _ l l _ l i m[ h ni m E* Ob _ l i f_ i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ch l b s nc^ _ ] ni g s * > fch Kf[ mn No l a 1 6. 5 (
- 5 3 4 *
1 5 * B o _ l l _ l i m[ h ni m E* Ob _ l i f_ i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f_ ch l b s nc^ i j f[ mns * > fch Kf[ mn No l a
1 6. 5 ( - 5 3 4 *
2 , * Bo _ l l _ l i m[ h ni m E( @mj [ cff[ n G( H i l [ f_ m A* H o m] o f[ l fc`n ch ] _ l pc] [ f l b s nc^ _ ] ni g s * Kf[ mn
M_ ] i h mnl No l a 1 0 6- . 3 ( - 5 3 0 *
2 - * Bo _ l l _ l i m[ h ni m E* M[ g cl _ t H ( Nj [ cff[ n G* > _ l pc] i `[ ] c[ f l b s nc^ i j f[ mns * M_ p G[ n < g >cl
Kf[ mn - 0 6/ - ( - 5 3 . *
2 . * B o _ l l _ l i m[ h ni m E* Ob _ l i f_ i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ch l b s nc^ _ ] ni g s * > fch Kf[ mn No l a 1 6. 5 (
- 5 3 4 *
2 / * C o a i I @* Mb s nc^ _ ] ni g s [ h ^ l [ ^ c] [ f fcj _ ] ni g s [ h ^ j f[ ns mg [ f `f[ j m* Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl
No l a 2 1 6- 5 5 * - 5 4 , *
2 0 * F [ h _ ( H < * I i h mo l a c] [ f nl _ [ ng _ h n i ` j f[ ns mg [ f \ [ h ^ m q cnb ch d_ ] nci h i ` \ i no fch o g
ni r ch < * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a - , / 62 1 2 ( - 5 5 5 *
2 1 * F [ h _ H < * I i h mo l a c] [ f nl _ [ ng _ h n i ` j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m q cnb ch d_ ] nci h i ` \ i no fch o g
ni r ch < l _ pcmcn_ ^ * - - . $No j j f%6 - . 1 N( . , , / *
2 2 * F [ s _ = G* Ob _ _ r n_ h ^ _ ^ `[ ] _ )fc`n q cnb [ h ] cff[ l s j l i ] _ ^ o l _ m* < h h Kf[ mn No l a 2 6/ / 1 (
- 5 4 - *
2 3 * F h ct _ ? H * Gcg cn_ ^ ch ] cmci h mo \ g _ h n[ f fcj _ ] ni g s [ h ^ j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl
No l a - , - 60 3 / ( - 5 5 4 *
2 4 * G[ \ \ _ ? ( Al [ h ] i MB( I c] i f[ m E* Kf[ ns mg [ )mo mj _ h mci h [ h ^ j f[ ns mg [ )j _ r s ^ o l ch a
h _ ] e fc`n6 < h [ ni g c] [ f mno ^ s [ h ^ [ h [ fs mcm i ` nb cl ns ] [ m_ m* Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a - - 3 6
. , , - ( . , , 2 *
2 5 * G_ q cm > H * Gcj i j f[ mns i ` nb _ h _ ] e * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 3 2 6. 0 4 ( - 5 4 1 *
3 , * H [ l ] b [ ] ? * Eo fc_ h = i o l a o _ n6 Ob _ j ci h _ _ l ch [ _ mnb _ nc] mo l a _ l s i ` nb _ h _] e * >fch Kf[ mn
No l a - , 6/ 2 / ( - 5 4 / *
3 - * H [ l ch i C( B[ f[ _ h i @E( B i h ^ i f` i @< * Kf[ mnc] ] i l l _ ] nci h i ` ^ i o \ f_ ] b ch 6 = o _ h i m
< cl _ m( < l a _ h nch [ * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a / - 60 1 ( - 5 2 / *
3 . * H [ l ch i C* B[ f_ [ h i @E( B i h ^ i f` i @< * Kf[ mnc] ] i l l _ ] nci h i ` ^ i o \ f_ )] b ch 6 Dg j i l n[ h ] _
i ` nb _ j i mcnci h i ` nb _ b s i c^ \ i h _ * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a . 3 61 0 0 ( - 5 2 - *
3 / * H [ l n_ h O* K[ h _ f i h nl _ [ nch a nb _ i \ no m_ h _ ] e * < _ mnb _ nc] No l a E $ch j l _ mm%*

h _ ] e fc`_
3 0 * H [ n[ l [ mmi < ( H [ n[ l [ mmi N( = l [ h ^ n A( _ n [ f* = i no fch o g < _ r i ni r ch ` i l nb _ g [ h [ a _ ì
g _ h n i ` j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m* Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a - , / 62 0 1 ( - 5 5 5 *
3 1 * H ] F ch h _ s K( F [ nl [ h [ ? E* Kl _ p_ h nci h i ` ch do l s ni nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p_ ^ o l ch a
l b s nc^ _ ] ni g s * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 2 2 62 3 1 ( - 5 4 , *
3 2 * H ] F ch h _ s K* H [ h [ a _ g _ h n i ` j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m* Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a - - , 65 4 . ( . , , . *
3 3 * H ] F ch h _ s K* Ob _ g [ h [ a _ g _ h n i ` j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m* Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 5 4 65 5 5 ( - 5 5 2 *
3 4 * H _ h ^ _ fmi h = > * N H < N `cr [ nci h ni nb _ `[ ] c[ f me _ f_ ni h 6 M[ nci h [ f_ [ h ^ l _ mo fnm* Kf[ mn
M_ ] i h mnl No l a - , , 6- 4 / 0 * - 5 5 3 *
3 5 * H _ h ^ _ fmi h = > * No l a _ l s i ` nb _ mo j _ l `c] c[ f g o m] o fi [ j i h _ o l i nc] ms mn_ g 6 Kl ch ] cj f_ m
i ` l _ f_ [ m_ ( p_ ] ni l m( [ h ^ `cr [ nci h * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a - , 3 6- 1 0 1 ( . , , - *
4 , * H cff[ l ^ ? M El ( B[ l mn R K( = _ ] e MG( _ n [ f* No \ g _ h n[ f [ h ^ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l fcj _ ] ni g s ch
] i h do h ] nci h q cnb [ ` [ ] _ fc`n ch nb _ g [ f_ i l `_ g [ f_ * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 0 5 6/ 4 1 ( - 5 3 . *
4 - * H cff[ l ^ M? El ( Kca a i nn MR ( C _ ^ i < * No \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l fcj _ ] ni g s * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a
0- 61- / ( - 5 2 4 *
4 . * I [ b [ c A* M_ ] i h mc^ _ l ch a h _ ] e mo mj _ h mci h mo no l _ m* < _ mnb _ nc] No l a E . 0 6/ 2 1 ( . , , 0 *
4 / * J q mf_ s EL * < _ mnb _ nc] A[ ] c[ f No l a _ l s * Kb cf[ ^ _ fj b c[ 6 R = N[ o h ^ _ l m( - 5 5 0 *
4 0 * J q mf_ s EL * No j _ l `c] c[ f g o m] o fi [ j i h _ o l i nc] ms mn_ g j f[ ns mg [ `[ ] _ fc`n* Dh ? o ^ f_ s C(
> [ l n_ l ? ( Mo mm_ ff M> > ( _ ^ m* J j _ l [ ncp_ No l a _ l s * Gi h ^ i h 6 = o nn_ l q i l nb ( - 5 4 2 *
4 1 * J q mf_ s E L El * Kf[ ns mg [ )` [ m] c[ f l b s nc^ _ ] ni g s 6 < j l _ fcg ch [ l s l _ j i l n* Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl
No l a 2 , 64 0 / ( - 5 3 3 *
4 2 * J q mf_ s E L El * NH < N)j f[ ns mg [ `[ ] _fc`n* Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 3 - 61 3 / ( - 5 4 / *
4 3 * J t ^ _ g cl M( F cfch] C( P h fo M@( P s m[ f < > ( N_ g mi t J * = [ l [ h > I * < h [ ni g c] i b cmni )
fi a c] mno ^ s i ` nb _ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm i ` nb _ ` [ ] _ [ h ^ o m_ ch ` [ ] _ fc`n6 M_ n[ ch ch a fca ì
[ g _ h n ] i l l _ ] nci h [ h ^ N H < N j fc] [ nci h * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a - - , 6- - / 0 ( . , , . *
4 4 * K[ ^ a _ nn @> ( Nn_ j b _ h m_ h F G* Kf[ mnc] [ h ^ M_ ] i h mnl o ] ncp_ No l a _ l s * Nj l ch a ` c_ f^ ( DG6
> b [ l f_ m > Ob i g [ m( - 5 0 4 ( j 2 / 4 *
4 5 * K[ mmi n M* G[ ] i l l _ ] nci h ] b cl o l a c] [ f_ ^ _ m l c^ _ m ^ o pcm[ a _ * < ] [ ^ H _ ^ K[ l cm . 5 63 ( - 5 - 5 *
5 , * K_ mm[ E@( B[ l t [ K< ( Gi p_ QH ( _ n [ f* Ob _ [ h [ ni g s i ` nb _ f[ \ ci g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l `i f^ * Kf[ mn
M_ ] i h mnl No l a - , - 60 4 . ( - 5 5 4 *
5 - * K_ n_ l mi h M* > _ l pc] [ f)l b s nc^ _ ] ni g s ã < j _ l mi h [ f [ j j l i [ ] b * Kl _ m_ h n_ ^ [ n nb _ < h h o [ f
Ns g j i mco g i ` < _ mnb _ nc] Kf[ mnc] No l a _ l s ( Bo [ ^ [ f[ d[ l [ ( H _ r c] i ( J ] n - 5 3 0 *
5 . * K_ n_ l mi h M* > _ l pc] [ f)l b s nc^ _ ] ni g s * Kl _ m_ h n_ ^ [ n nb _ < _ mnb _ nc] Ni ] c_ ns Ns g j i mco g
i h nb _ < a ch a A[ ] _ ( ? _ h p_ l ( > J ( J ] n - 5 3 2 *
5 / * K_ n_ l mi h M< * Ob _ l i f_ i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f_ ch ] _ l pc] [ f fc`nm* Dh Bi o fc[ h ? (
> i o l ncmm @( _ ^ m* Ns g j i mco g i h No l a _ l s i ` nb _ < a ch a A[ ] _ * Nn Gi o cm6 H i m\ s ( - 5 3 4 (
j j - - 1 )- . 0 *
5 0 * Kcng [ h B C * A[ n ] i h ni o l ch a ch nb _ ` [ ] _ [ h ^ h _ ] e * J j _ l O_ ] b Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a
/ 65 0 ( - 5 5 2 *
5 1 * Kcng [ h B C * Gcj i mo ] nci h [ h ^ < _ mnb _ nc] No l a _ l s * Nn Gi o cm6 H i m\ s )T_ [ l = i i e ( - 5 5 / *
5 2 * M[ g cl _ t J H * > _ l pc] i j f[ mns 6 I i h _ r ] cmci h [ f [ h n_ l ci l [ j j l i [ ] b * < - , )s _ [ l ` i ffi q )o j *
Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a - - - 6- / 0 . ( . , , / *
5 3 * M[ g cl _ t J H * > _ l pc] i j f[ mns 6 I i h _ r ] cmci h [ f [ h n_ l ci l [ j j l i [ ] b * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a
5 5 6- 1 3 2 ( - 5 5 3 *
5 4 * M_ _ m O? * A[ ] _)fc`n* Dh M_ _ m O? ( R i i ^ )Ng cnb ? ( _ ^ m* > i mg _ nc] A[ ] c[ f No l a _ l s * Kbcf[ ì
^ _ fj b c[ 6 R = N[ o h ^ _ l m( - 5 3 / ( j . , / *
5 5 * M_ _ m O? ( < mni h NE* < ] fch c] [ f _ p[ fo [ nci h i ` nb _ l _ mo fnm i ` mo \ g o m] o fi )[ j i h _ o l i nc]
^ cmm_ ] nci h [ h ^ `cr [ nci h ch ` [ ] _ fc`nm* Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 2 , 64 1 - ( - 5 3 3 *
- J J * Mi a _ l m = J * Ob _ ^ _ p_ fi j g _ h n i ` [ _ mnb _ nc] j f[ mnc] mo l a _ l s 6 < b cmni l s * < _ mnb _ nc] Kf[ mn
No l a - 6/ ( - 5 3 2 *
- , - * Mi g [ h _ m B E* > o h h ch a b [ g #m O_ r n = i i e i ` < h [ ni g s ( - , nb _ ^ * I _ q Ti l e 6 J r ` i l ^
P h cp_ l mcns Kl _ mm( - 5 2 0 *
- , . * Mo \ ch GM* Ob _ [ h [ ni g s i ` [ mg cf_ 6 Dnm cg j i l n[ h ] _ ch nb _ nl _ [ ng _ h n i ` `[ ] c[ f j [ l [ fs ì
mcm* Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 1 / 6/ 4 0 * - 5 3 0 *

" n Q] `a Sb ^ZObga[ O^ ZOabg
- , / * N[ s f[ h U* < h o j ^ [ n_ i h m_lc[ f h i n] b ch a i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m* < _ mnb _ nc] No l a E
. . 6. 3 0 * . , , . *
- , 0 * N[ s f[ h U* N_lc[ f h i n] b ch a i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m* < _ mnb _ nc] No l a E . - 60 - . ( . , , - *
- , 1 * Nch a _ l M* Dg j l i p_ g _ h n i ` nb _ s i o h a `[ nns h_] e * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 3 / 61 4 . ( - 540*
- , 2 * Ne [ h ^ [ f[ e cm E@( Bl [ s NR ( Mi q _ EN El * No l a c] [ f [ h [ ni g s i ` nb _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l nlcì
[ h a f_ * < g No l a 0 1 61 5 , ( - 5 3 5 *
- , 3 * Ne i i a O* Kf[ mnc] No l a _ l s ã I _ q H _ nb i ^ m [ h ^ M_ `ch _ g _ h nm* Kbcf[ ^ _fj b c[ 6 R = N[ o h ì
^ _ l m( - 5 3 0 ( j / - 1*
- , 4 * Ne i i a O* P m_ `o f n_ ] b h ck o _ m ch `[ ] _ fc`ncha * Kl _ m_ h n_ ^ [ n nb _ < h h o [ f H _ _ nch a i ` nb_
< g _ l c] [ h < mmi ] c[ nci h i ` Kf[ mnc] No l a _ i h m( N[ h Al [ h ] cm] i * < j l cf - 5 2 5 *
- , 5 * Ni o nb _ l NB ( Qcmnh _ m GH * H _ ^ c[ f [ j j l i r cg [ nci h i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f_ ch nb_
nl _ [ ng _ h n i ` h _ ] e ^ _ `i l g cnc_ m* Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 2 3 62 , 3 ( - 54- *
- - , * Nno t ch EH ( = [ e _ l OE( B i l ^ i h CG( _n [ f* @r n_ h ^ _ ^ NH < N ^ cmm_ ] nci h [ m [ h [ j j l i [ ] b
ni g c^ `[ ] _ l _ do p_ h [ nci h * >fch Kf[ mn No l a . . 6. 5 1 ( - 5 5 1 *
- - - * Nno t ch EH ( = [ e _ l OE( B i l ^ i h CG* Ob _ l _ f[ nci h mb cj i ` nb _ moj _l `c] c[ f [ h ^ ^ _ _ j f[ s _l
`[ m] c[ m6 M_ f_ p[ h ] _ ni l b s nc^ _ ] ni g s [ h ^ [ a ch a * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 4 5 60 0 - (- 5 5 . *
- - . * O_ cg i o l c[ h =* A[ ] _ [ h ^ h _ ] e mo ] nci h )[ mmcmn_ ^ fcj _ ] ni g s [ mmi ] c[ n_ ^ q cnb l b s nc^ _ ] ì
ni g s * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a 3 . 62 . 3 ( - 5 4 / *
- - / * Oi j c[ < ( A_ll_cl[ =( @h a M* Gcj i mo ] nci h ch ] _ l pc] [ f l _ do p_ h [ nci h * < _ mnb _ nc] Kf[ mn
No l a - - 65 1 ( - 5 4 3 *
- - 0* Qcmnh _ m GH ( Ni o nb _ l NB * Ob _ [ h [ ni g c] [ f \ [ mcm `i l ] i g g i h ] i mg _ nc] [ hn_ l ci l h_] e
^ _ `i l g cnc_ m* < h h Kf[ mn No l a . 6/ 4 - ( - 5 3 5 *
- - 1* Qcmnh _ m GH ( Ni o nb _ l NB * Ob _ j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f_ 6 < h [ ni g c] ] i h mc^ _ l [ nci h m `i l [ _ mì
nb _ nc] mo l a _ l s i ` nb _ [ hn_ l ci l h _] e * >fch Kf[ mn No l a - , 60 0 - ( - 5 4 / *
- - 2* R _ \ mn_ l M> ( Ng cnb M> ( Ng cnb FA* A[ ] _ fc`n* K[ l n 16 No mj _ h ^ ch a mo no l _ m `i l j f[ ì
ns mg [ ] i l ^ ch a * C_ [ ^ I _ ] e No l a 2 64 3 , ( - 5 4 0 *
- - 3* R _ cmg [ h K<* Ncg j fc`c_ ^ n_ ] b h ck o _ ch mo \ g _ h n[ f fcj _ ] ni g s * Kf[ mn M_ ] i h mnl No l a
0 4 60 0 / ( - 53- *

(Trang không có chữ)

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m o l a _ l s
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= P O DO R J P G? I J O NH J J OC *
OC @ > J < O R < N T < I F @? (
= P O DO R J P G? I J O C < I B MDB C O*
ODGG OC @ OJ T(
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R @M@ M@H J Q@? *
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h _ ] e fc`_
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q [ m ] i h mc^ _ l _ ^ VW U I V [ TI VL& @p_ h nb _ l _ g i p[ f i ` [ mg [ ff
[ g i o h n i ` mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f `[ n q [ m [ j j l i [ ] b _ ^ q cnb a l _ [ n l _fo] ì
n[ h ] _* Ob cm [ nncno^ _ l _`f_] n_^ m_p_l [ f ] i h ] _ l h m6 nb [ n l _ g i pch a
mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f `[ n q i o f^ f_[ p_ \ _ b ch ^ [ ] _hnl [ f h _ ] e ^ _ j l _ mì
mci h7 nb [ n pcn[ f mnl o ] no l _ m ] i o f^ _[ mcfs \ _ ^ [ g [ a _ ^ 7 nb [ n j l i \ ì
f_g [ nc] \ f_ _ ^ ch a q i o f^ \ _ _ h ] i o h n_ l _ ^ 7 nb[ n nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncì
f[ a _ q i o f^ \ _ ] i g _ me _f_ni h ct _^ ch g _ h [ h ^ g [ m] o fch ct _ ^ ch
q i g _ h 7 [ h ^ nb _ \ _fc_` nb [ n nb _ mb [ j _ i ` nb _ ^ _ _ j ncmmo _ m [ n
nb_ `l i h n i ` nb _ h _ ] e [ h ^ `fi i l i ` nb _ g i o nb q _ l _ oh[ fn_l [ \ f_*
Ai l mi g _ j f[ mnc] mo l a _ i h m( i h ] _ o j i h [ ncg _ cm h i q * =on(
g [ h s i nb _ l m b [ p_ ] i g _ ni l _ ] i a h ct _ nb [ n nb _ ^ c` ` _ l _ h ] _ \ _ ì
nq _ _ h [ m[ ncm` [ ] ni l s l _ mo fn [ h ^ [ h o h m[ ncm` [ ] ni l s l _ mo fn ` i fì
fi q ch a h _ ] e )fc` n mo l a _ l s ã c` h i n nb _ ^ c` ` _ l _ h ] _ \ _ nq _ _ h [
a i i ^ l _ mo fn [ h ^ [ a l _ [ n l _ mo fnã i ` n_ h ^ _ j _ h ^ m i h q b _ nb _ l
g [ fj i mcnci h _ ^ i l _ r ] _ mm mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ncmmo _ m b [ p _ \ _ _ h
l _ j i mcnci h _ ^ i l l _ g i p _ ^ * I i g [ nn_ l b i q j _ l `_] nfs _r _] o n_ ^
nb _ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m fcj _ ] ni g s [ h ^ j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns ( h i l b i q
q _ff n[ cfi l _^ nb _ me ch ] i p_l ( c` [ \ o fa _ j _l mcmnm \ _ nq _ _ h [ h ^
\ _ h _ [ nb nb _ ] _hnl [ f j f[ ns mg [ m( nb _ j i mni j _ l [ ncp_ h _ ] e q cff l _ì
g [ ch f_mm nb [ h nb _ _ f_ a [ h n ] i h ni o l cn ] i o f^ \ _*
No \ j f[ ns mg [ f \ o g j m( b i q _ p_ l ( [ l _ h i n _[ mcfs no ] e _ ^ [ q [ s \ s
mcg j fs nca b n_ h ch a nb _ i p_ l fs ch a ncmmo _ m* Ko mb ch [ \ o fa _ [ n i h _
j f[ ] _( [ h ^ cn q cff fce_fs j i j i o n [ n [ h i nb _ l j f[ ] _ h _ [ l \ s ã [ j b _ ì
h i g _ h i h M[ g cl _ t ] [ ffm nb _ mbc`ncha i ` m_ g cmi fc^ `fo c^ m* 5
H i ^ c`s ch a mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f [ h [ ni g s cm i `n_ h [ \ _nn_l q [ s ni [ ^ ì
^ l _ mm mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ] i h ni o l cl l _a of[ l cnc_m* J ` ] i o l m_ ( nb _ mo l ì
a _ i h g o mn \ _ ] [ l _ ` o f h i n ni i p _ l l _ m_ ] n nb _ m_ ncmmo _ m i l
] l _ [ n_ [ h o h h [ no l [ f mb [ j _ (è \ o n mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f m] o fj nol ch a
] [ h \ _ ^ i h _ m[ `_fs [ h ^ _``_] ncp_fs c` ] [ l _ cm n[ e _ h [ h ^ [ j l i j _l
mol a c] [ f n_ ] b h ck o _ cm o m_ ^ * Dh nbcm ] b [ j n_l * D#ff ^ _ m] l c\ _ [ h^ cfì
fomnl [ n_ nb _ g _ nb i ^ m D o m_ `i l [ fn_l cha nb _ mct _( mb [ j _ ( [ h^ j i ì
mcnci h i ` mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f `[ n( ^ _ _ j ] _l pc] [ f j _ l cb s i c^ `[ m] c[ ( [ h^
nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m* < m `i l nb _ nl _ [ ng _ h n i ` mo \ ì
g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp[ l s a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ m( nb cm ] i g j f_ r ni j c] q [ l l [ h nm
cnm i q h ] b [ j n_l *

N
î
m o \ j f [ ns m g [ f [ _ m nb _ nc] m o l a _ l s
KM@J K@M< ODQ@ < NN@NNH @I O
< f n b i o a b nb _ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp _ _ p [ fo [ nci h
i ` m o \ j f [ ns m g [ f ncmmo _ m
q [ m [ ^ ^ l _ m m _ ^ ch [ h _ [ l fc_ l ] b [ j n_ l ( f_ n g _ l _ cn_ l [ n_ i h _ j i ch n
b _ l _ 6 j l _ i j _ l [ n cp _ [ m m _ m m g _ h n i ` n b _ m _ ^ _ _ j _ l ncm m o _ m cm i ` ì
n _ h ch [ ] ] o l [ n_ * J ` ] i o l m _ ( nb _ fi i e [ h ^ ` _ _ f i ` g [ h s h _ ] e m q cff
m o a a _ m n nb _ h _ _ ^ ` i l m o \ j f [ ns m g [ f mo l a _ l s * < ` cl g l [ nb _ l nb [ h [
m i ` n ] i h m cm n_ h ] s ni nb _ m o \ g _ h n[ f ` [ n( [ f i h a q cn b [ h o j ) [ h ^ )
^ i q h \ i \ q cn b m q [ f f i q ch a ( [ h ^ [ mfcj ` l i g nb _ j ch ] b q b _ h nb _
j f [ ns m g [ cm n_ h m _ ^ ( [ ff m o a a _ m n _ r ] _ m m m o \ j f [ ns m g [ f ` [ n l [ nb _ l
nb [ h _ r ] _ m m m o \ ] o n [ h _ i o m ` [ n* C i q _ p _ l ( [ ff i ` nb _ m _ n_ m nm b [ p _
j l i p _ ^ o h l _ fc[ \ f_ ã [ n f_ [ mn ` i l g _ *
Ncg cf[ l fs ( [ h ch ] l _ [ m_ ch m o \ g _ h n[ f \ o f a _ ` o ffh _ mm q b _ h nb _ ] b ch
cm no ] e _ ^ i h ni nb _ ] b _ m n g [ s ch ^ c] [ n_ nb [ n f[ l a _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c]
g o m ] f _ m [ l _ j l _ m _ h n( \ o n i ` n_ h nb _ s [ l _ h i n* < h ^ nb _ l _ cm h i j l _ ì
i j _ l [ ncp _ g [ h _ o p _ l ni l _ fc[ \ fs [ m m _ m m nb _ k o [ fcns [ h ^ k o [ h ncns i `
nb _ ^ _ _ j ] _ l p c] [ f ` [ m] c[ nb [ n g [ s \ _ \ l c^ a ch a [ ] l i m m nb _ b s i c^
[ h a f_ *
D \ _ fc_ p _ nb [ n [ ff i ` nb _ ^ _ ] cm ci h m l _ a [ l ^ ch a [ f n_ l [ nci h m n i n b _
m o \ j f [ n s m g [ f n cm m o _ m b [ p _ n i \ _ g [ ^ _ [ n m o l a _ l s [ m nb _ m _ ncmì
m o _ m [ l _ m_ k o _ h nc[ f f s o h ] i p _ l _ ^ ( p cmo [ fct _ ^ ^ cl _ ] nfs ( [ h ^ m b [ j _ ^
q cn b [ h [ l ncmn#m _ s _ *
NP = KG< OTNH < G GDK@> OJ H T
O b _
[ h m q _ l ni nb _
k o _ m nci h
i `
b i q g o ] b ` [ n ni _ r ] cm_
cm6
M V W ] O P & O b cm m i o h ^ m ` fcj j [ h n( \ o n cn#m [ ] ] o l [ n_ * D l _ g i p _ _ h i o a b
^ _ _ j ` [ n n i i \ n[ ch n b _ m o \ g _ h n [ f ] i h n i o l [ h ^ b s i c^ [ h a f _ n b [ n
D m _ _ e i l o h ncf D l o h i o n i ` ` [ n [ h ^ D#g fi i e ch a [ n nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ cì
a [ mnl c] g o m ] f _ m [ h ^ n b _ ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ m o l l i o h ^ ch a nb _ b s i c^ cnm_ f` *
R b _ h n[ e ch a i o n m o \ j f [ n s m g [ f ` [ n( cn cm cg j i l n[ h n ni ] i h m c^ _ l
q b _ l _ ni l _ g i p _ cn* Dh [ ^ ^ cnci h ni l _ g i p ch a _ r ] _ m m ` [ n i p _ l nb _
[ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] m ( D g [ s [ f m i nl cg ` [ n i p _ l [ h ^ [ l i o h ^ nb _ b s i c^ (
\ _ h _ [ nb nb _ g _ ^ c[ f j f [ n s m g [ i o n ni nb _ ] [ j m o f _ i ` nb _ m o \ g [ h ì
^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp [ l s a f [ h ^ m ( [ h ^ i p _ l nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ [ h ^ ^ i q h
nb _ g c^ fch _ n i q [ l ^ n b _ m o j l [ m n_ l h [ f h i n] b ni i j ncg [ ffs ] i h ni o l

\ SQY ZW
Tb
nb _ h _ ] e * O b cm ^ _ _ j ] _ h nl [ f f cj _ ] ni g s cm k o cn_ m[ ` _ \ _ ] [ o m _ nb _
` [ ] c[ f h _ l p _ \ l [ h ] b _ m [ l _ f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ [ l _ [ i ` ` [ n l _ m_ ] nci h ( [ h ^
nb _ h _ l p _ m ni nb _ f[ l s h r [ l _ \ _ h _ [ nb nb _ mnl [ j g o m ] f _ m ( q b c] b
j l i p c^ _ nb _ ` fi i l i ` nb _ [ l _ [ i ` ` [ n l _ m_ ] nci h *
> i o f ^ D n[ e _ i o n ni i g o ] b m o \ j f [ ns m g [ f ` [ n [ h ^ ] l _ [ n_ [ m o \ g _ h ì
n[ f i l g c^ fch _ b i f f i q ( i l i p _ l _ r j i m _ nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ ; T _ m( D
m o j j i m _ D ] i o f^ ( \ o n nb [ n cm o h fce _ fs ni b [ j j _ h \ _ ] [ o m _ D j [ l nc[ ffs
`cff nb _ m j [ ] _ ` i l g _ l f s i ] ] o j c_ ^ \ s nb _ l _ g i p _ ^ ` [ n q cn b j f[ ns mg [
g o m ] f _ l i ff_ ^ ch \ s nb _ ] i l m _ n j f [ ns mg [ j f [ m ns ( [ h ^ nb _ ] i l m_ n ] i p ì
_ l m nb _ f[ l s h a _ [ f ] [ l ncf[ a _ ] i g j f_ n_ fs * Dh g s b [ h ^ m ( [ g cf^ ] _ h nl [ f
h _ ] e b i f f i q q i o f ^ \ _ g i l _ fce _ fs ni i ] ] o l ` l i g mnl _ n] b ch a i o n i `
nb _ j f [ ns m g [ [ j j l i r cg [ nci h [ ] l i m m nb _ g c^ fch _ nb [ h \ s [ l _ g i p [ f
i ` ni i g o ] b ] _ h nl [ f h _ ] e ` [ n*
I i h _ nb _ f_ m m( D i ` n_ h mn[ l n nb _ m o \ j f [ ns m g [ f f cj _ ] ni g s \ s j _ _ fch a
i ` ` nb ch f[ s _ l m( nb ch e ch a nb [ n D [ g a i ch a ni f_ [ p _ m i g _ ` [ n i h nb _
[ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m ] f _ m ( q b c ] b i ] ] [ m ci h [ f f s D ^ i *
C i q _ p _ l (
g i m n i ` nb _ ncg _ ( [ ` n_ l D#p _ m b [ p _ ^ [ q [ s _ h i o a b ` [ n ni i \ n[ ch [
j _ l ` _ ] nfs ` f[ n m o \ g _ h n[ f j f[ h _ ( D ` ch ^ g s m _ f ` l ca b n ^ i q h i h nb _ [ h ì
n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m ] f _ m * < h ^ \ _ ] [ o m _ D n l s h i n n i l _ g i p _ [ h s
` [ n ` l i g \ _ n q _ _ h n b _ [ h n _ l ci l ^ ca [ m nl c] m ( n b _ ] i h n i o l [ l l cp _ ^
[ n cm ` f[ n( i l j _ l b [ j m m i g _ q b [ n ] i h p _ r ( \ o n h i n ] i h ] [ p _ *
> i h ] _ l h nb [ n mca h c` c] [ h n \ f_ _ ^ ch a g [ s [ nn_ h ^ nb _ _ r ] cmci h i ` m o \ ì
j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n cm o h q [ l l [ h n_ ^ 7 nb _ l _ cm p _ l s fcnnf_ \ f_ _ ^ ch a ( \ _ ] [ o m _
[ ff i ` n b _ ` [ n cm l _ g i p _ ^ o m ch a n b _ fi h a _ f _ ] nl i m o l a c] [ f h _ _ ^ f _
nb [ n ^ _ fcp _ l m [ j o l _ ] i [ a o f [ nch a ] o l l _ h n $h i n [ \ f_ h ^ i ` ] i [ a o f [ nì
ch a
[ h ^ ] o nnch a
g i ^ _ m %*
C i q _ p _ l (
o h ^ _ l ] o nnch a nb _ j f[ ns mg [
q cnb m ] cmmi l m i ` n_ h ^ i _ m mncg o f[ n_ \ f_ _ ^ ch a ( ` l i g mg [ ff \ l [ h ] b _ m
i ` nb _ m o \ g _ h n[ f i l mo j _ l ci l nb s l i c^ [ l n_ l c_ m ] i o l m ch a nb l i o a b
nb _ ` [ n( i l \ s ] o nnch a ch ni nb _ [ h n_ l ci l do a o f [ l p _ ch m( q b c] b l o h
nb l i o a b nb _ m o \ j f [ ns m g [ f ` [ n j [ l [ ff_ f [ h ^ do m n f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ g _ ^ c[ f
j f [ ns m g [ _ ^ a _ m* = o n nb _ l _ [ l _ h i g [ di l [ l n_ l c_ m ni q i l l s [ \ i o n
b _ l _ ( [ h ^ q b [ n_ p _ l \ f _ _ ^ ch a ^ i _ m i ] ] o l ] [ h \ _ l _ [ ^ cfs p cmo [ fct _ ^
[ h ^
] i h nl i ff_ ^
i h ] _
nb _
? _ [ p _ l l _ nl [ ] ni l
b [ m
n_ h n_ ^
o j nb _
j f [ ns mg [ ( [ h ^ nb _ T [ h e [ o _ l m o ] nci h [ h ^ _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s q i l e ni ì
a _ nb _ l ni ` ch ^ [ h ^ ] i [ a o f [ n_ nb _ l _ m j i h m c\ f_ p _ mm_ fm*

N
î
m o \ j f [ n s m g [ f [ _ m n b _ n c] m o l a _ l s
D q [ h n ni g [ e _ i h _ j [ l nc] o f [ l f s cg j i l n [ h n [ ^ ^ cnci h [ f j i ch n6 i ` n_ h (
cn cm h i n h _ ] _ m m [ l s n i l _ g i p _ [ f [ l a _ [ g i o h n i ` m o \ j f [ n s m g [ f
` [ n n i b [ p _ [ m ca h c` c] [ h n c g j [ ] n i h h _ ] e ] i h n i o l * @ [ ] b i ` nb _
` i f f i q ch a nb l _ _ j [ nc_ h nm b [ ^ i h f s [ m g [ f f [ g i o h n i ` ^ _ _ j ` [ n l _ ì
g i p _ ^ ( \ o n nb [ n m g [ f f [ g i o h n g [ ^ _ [ p _ l s \ ca ^ c` ` _ l _ h ] _ *

\ SQY ZW
Tb
DI NOMP H @I ON AJ M NP = KG< OTNH < G
NP MB@MT
Dh [ ^ ^ cnci h ni nb _ ch mnl o g _ h nm o m_ ^ ` i l ] i l m_ n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns ( D
[ fmi o m_ n q i fi h a l ca b n)[ h a f_ b _ g i mn[ nm ni a l [ mj [ h ^ mo mj _ h ^
nb _ mo j _ l ci l g _ ^ c[ f j f[ ns mg [ _ ^ a _ m* O b _ m _ b _ g i mn[ nm [ l _ b o h a
i o nmc^ _ nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f ch ] cmci h [ h ^ [ ] n [ m [ ] ] _ mmi l s l _ nl [ ] ni l m
nb [ n h i n i h fs n_ h n o j nb _ j f[ ns mg [ _ ^ a _ m( \ o n [ fmi b _ fj ni j l _ p _ h n
nb _ g o m] f_ ` l i g mfcj j ch a i o n ` l i g o h ^ _ l nb _ ? _ [ p _ l l _ nl [ ] ni l *
NP MBD> < G O@> CI DL P @6
NP = KG< OTNH < G GDK@> OJ H T
D l _ g i p _ m o \ j f [ ns m g [ f ` [ n ch i h _ i ` n q i q [ s m 6 nb _ o mo [ f q [ s ã
\ s ` cl mn ] o nnch a ` l _ _ nb _ j f[ ns mg [ _ ^ a _ m [ h ^ o h ^ _ l ] o nnch a nb _ g _ ì
^ c[ f j f[ ns mg [ i h _ [ ] b mc^ _ q cnb m] cmmi l m( nb _ h i \ n[ ch ch a b _ g i ì
mn[ mcm o h ^ _ l nb _ g o m] f_ ` f[ j m( ` i ffi q _ ^ \ s l _ g i p [ f i ` _ r ] _ mm g c^ ì
fch _ [ h ^ j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h ` [ n o mch a nb _ _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s * < h ^ nb _ i nb _ l
q [ s ã \ s mn[ l nch a q cnb nb _ l _ g i p [ f i ` g c^ fch _ ` [ n o mch a nb _ _ f_ ] ì
nl i ] [ o n_ l s [ h ^ mi g _ ncg _ m j _ _ fch a i o n [ fcnnf_ ` [ n ` l i g o h ^ _ l h _ [ nb
nb _ j f[ ns mg [ _ ^ a _ m q cnb nb _ ] [ o n_ l s [ m q _ ff* P h ^ _ l ] o nnch a i ` nb _
j f[ ns mg [ cm i h fs ^ i h _ c` j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h ` [ n h _ _ ^ m ni \ _ _ r ] cm_ ^ i l c`
nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ` f[ j m h _ _ ^ g i l _ g i \ cfct [ nci h ` i l nb _ cl mfc^ _ ni nb _
g c^ fch _ ` i l nb _ ] i l m_ n* O b cm m_ ] i h ^ g _ nb i ^ cm o m_ ^ ch i i t s j [ ì
nc_ h nm( ch q b i g D q [ h n ni ^ i _ p _ l s nb ch a q cnb nb _ _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s
l [ nb _ l nb [ h m] cmmi l m( [ h ^ ` i l nb i m_ q b i l _ k o cl _ i h fs [ mg [ ff
[ g i o h n i ` ` [ n l _ g i p [ f [ fi h a nb _ g c^ fch _ *

= Ç m o \ j f[ ns m g [ f [ _ m nb _ nc] m o l a _ l s
G_ n#m fi i e [ n nb _ o mo [ f g _ n b i ^ ` cl mn* D` [ h [ l _ [ i ` m o \ g _ h n[ f j f[ ns mg [ ^ _ ] o m m [ ì
nci h cm j l _ m_ h n( cn cm i j _ h _ ^ ^ i q h nb _ g c^ fch _ q cnb nb _ _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s i l q cnb
m] cmmi l m* < mg [ ff [ g i o h n i ` fi ] [ f [ h _ mnb _ nc] q cnb _ j ch _ j b l ch _ cm o mo [ ffs ch d_ ] nì
_ ^ ch ni nb _ ` [ n o h ^ _ l h _ [ nb nb _ j f[ ns mg [ i h _ [ ] b mc^ _ ` i l p [ mi ] i h mnl c] nci h [ h ^
j [ nc_ h n ] i g ` i l n*

\ SQY ZW
Tb
J h _ [ ] b mc^ _ ( nb _ g _ ^ c[ f . ] g i ` j f[ ns mg [ cm o h ^ _ l ] o n j [ l [ ff_ f q cnb nb _ mo l ì
` [ ] _ i ` nb _ g o m] f_ q cnb nb _ fi h a ` ch _ )ncj j _ ^ H _ nt _ h \ [ o g m] cmmi l m*

N
Ç m o \ j f[ ns m g [ f [ _ m nb _ nc] m o l a _ l s
O b _ o j j _ l j f [ ns m g [ _ ^ a _ m [ l _ a l [ m j _ ^ \ s
nb _ fi h a l ca b n)[ h a f _ ^ b _ g i m n[ nm ( q b c] b [ l _
nb _ h b o h a i o nm c^ _ nb _ ch ] cmci h ni n_ h n o j
nb _ g o m] f _ * R cn b nb _ ? _ [ p _ l no l h _ ^ ni fc`n
o j i h nb _ j f [ ns m g [ ( nb _ T [ h e [ o _ l [ h ^ fi h a
_ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s _ r j fi l _ ` i l b _ g i m n [ m cm \ _ ì
h _ [ nb nb _ ` l _ _ ^ g o m] f _ *
O b _ T [ h e [ o _ l ( q c n b m o ] nci h n o l h _ ^ i h ( cm
o m _ ^ n i m cg o f n[ h _ i o m f s ^ _ j l _ m m [ h ^ j o ff
n b _ m o \ j f [ n s m g [ f ` [ n n i q [ l ^ n b _ g c^ fch _
q b cf _ n b _ _ f _ ] n l i ] [ o n _ l s ] l _ [ n_ m [ g i l _
^ _ ` ch _ ^ ] f _ ` n \ _ n q _ _ h n b _ ` [ n [ h ^ n b _ o h ì
^ _ l m c^ _ i ` n b _ j f [ n s m g [ *

\ SQY ZW
Tb
< m nb _ ` [ n cm j _ _ f_ ^ ni q [ l ^ nb _ g c^ fch _ ( nb _
[ h n_ l ci l do a o f[ l p _ ch cm i ` n_ h o h ] i p _ l _ ^ * O b _
^ cmm_ ] nci h o mo [ ffs _ r n_ h ^ m i o nq [ l ^ [ fg i mn
ni q b _ l _ nb _ g _ ^ c[ f
] [ j m o f _ i ` nb _ m o \ ì
g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp [ l s a f[ h ^ cm fi ] [ n_ ^ * D` nb _
] [ j mo f_ cm o h ch n_ h nci h [ ffs i j _ h _ ^ ( cn ] [ h \ _
] fi m_ ^ q cnb [ ` ca o l _ )i ` )_ ca b n m o no l _ ni j l _ ì
p _ h n j i mmc\ f_ b _ l h c[ nci h i ` nb _ a f[ h ^ *
N i g _ ncg _ m D o m_ nb _ f i h a ` i l ] _ j m ni j o ff nb _
j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h mo \ j f [ ns m g [ f ` [ n [ q [ s ` l i g nb _
o j j _ l j f[ ns mg [ do mn o h ^ _ l nb _ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l
\ i l ^ _ l [ h ^ [ q [ s ` l i g nb _ o j j _ l f[ n_ l [ f _ ^ a _
i ` nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f _ * D g [ s _ r ] cm_
nb cm o j j _ l ] i l h _ l m o \ j f [ n s m g [ f ` [ n ni _ fcg ì
ch [ n_ [ fcnnf_ ` o ffh _ mm nb _ l _ * O b cm ` [ n i ` n_ h
] i h n[ ch m i h _ i l n q i mg [ ff m o \ g _ h n[ f fs g j b
h i ^ _ m
nb [ n
h i l g [ ffs
l _ m _ g \ f _
fcnnf_
j ch e
\ _ [ h m* @ [ ] b f s g j b h i ^ _ b [ m [ ` ch _ )] [ fc\ _ l
^ _ ^ c] [ n_ ^ [ l n_ l s ` _ _ ^ ch a
cn nb [ n ` l _ k o _ h nfs
b [ m ni \ _ mj _ ] c` c] [ ffs _ f_ ] nl i ] i [ a o f[ n_ ^ [ m
nb _ ` [ n cm \ _ ch a l _ g i p _ ^ *

N î
m o \ j f[ ns m g [ f [ _ m nb _ nc] m o l a _ l s
O b _ [ g i o h n i ` ` [ n j l _ m _ h n \ _ n q _ _ h [ h ^ \ _ h _ [ nb n b _ j f [ ns m ì
g [ m p [ l c_ m ] i h m c^ _ l [ \ fs * H [ h s nb ch )h _ ] e _ ^ j [ nc_ h nm b [ p _ p _ l s
fcnnf_ ` [ n o h ^ _ l nb _ g o m] f_ ( q b _ l _ [ m ` o ff)h _ ] e _ ^ j [ nc_ h nm( fce _ nb _
j [ nc_ h n \ _ fi q ( g [ s b [ p _ [ f[ l a _ [ g i o h n*
O b _ j b i ni i h nb _ f_ ` n m b i q m nb _ \ [ l _ ^ j f[ ns mg [ g o m ] f _ m [ ` n_ l
nb _ m o \ ] o n[ h _ i o m fcj _ ] ni g s b [ m \ _ _ h ] i g j f_ n_ ^ ( q cnb nb _ g c^ ì
fch _ j i l nci h i ` nb _ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n p cmc\ f_ * R cnb nb _ j f[ ns mg [
` f[ j m no l h _ ^ \ [ ] e ( nb _ j b i ni i h nb _ l ca b n l _ p _ [ fm nb _ p [ mn [ g i o h n
i ` mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n j l _ m_ h n ch nb cm j [ l nc] o f[ l j [ nc_ h n*

\ SQY ZW
Tb
D o mo [ ffs mn[ l n [ mo \ j f [ ns m g [ f fcj _ ] ni g s [ n
nb _ g c^ fch _ do mn \ _ f i q nb _ ] b ch ( j _ _ fch a nb _
_ r ] _ mm ` [ n ^ i q h q [ l ^ q cnb nb _ _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o ì
n_ l s * D g [ s ch n_ h nci h [ ffs f_ [ p _ mi g _ ` [ n i h nb _
[ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m o h ncf D m_ h m_ nb _
f[ s i ` nb _ f[ h ^ ( \ o n ch nb cm cffo mnl [ nci h [ h ^
nb i m_ nb [ n ` i ffi q ( nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] m [ l _
o h ] i p _ l _ ^ [ m nb _ ` [ n cm j _ _ f_ ^ [ q [ s *
I i n [ ff i ` nb _ mo \ j f [ ns m g [ f ` [ n nb [ n#m ni \ _
l _ g i p _ ^ ( ch ] fo ^ ch a j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h ` [ n( h _ _ ^ m
ni \ _ l _ g i p _ ^ ch i h _ \ ca j c_ ] _ ã [ m cn cm ch
nb cm j [ nc_ h n !J MTW_ $ TMN\ "& Q_ l s i ` n_ h cn cm _ [ mì
c_ l ni \ _ a ch \ s l _ g i p ch a do mn nb _ o j j _ l g c^ ì
fch _ ` [ n( f_ [ p ch a nb _ j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h ` [ n [ h ^ nb _
` [ n i p _ l [ h ^ \ _ fi q nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ ch
j f[ ] _ * J h ] _ nb [ n ` cl mn ] _ h nl [ f j c_ ] _ b [ m \ _ _ h
_ r ] cm_ ^ ( D ] [ h m_ _ j l _ ] cm_ fs c` [ h ^ q b _ l _ ni
l _ g i p _ g i l _ ` [ n* Dh nb _ cffo mnl [ nci h !J MTW_ $
ZQOP \ "$ nb _ j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h mnl cj i ` ` [ n b [ m \ _ _ h
n_ g j i l [ l cfs f_ `n ch j f[ ] _ *

H n a c P^ ZObga [
OZ OS a bVS bW
Q a c `US `g
D a _ h _ l [ ffs q i l e \ [ ] e [ h ^ ` i l nb ( ] o n nch a [ h ^
j _ _ fch a n b _ ` [ n [ fcnnf_ i h i h _ m c^ _ [ h ^ nb _ h
nb _ i nb _ l * Ob _ h D j _ _ f nb _ ` [ n ^ i q h nb _ g c^ ì
^ f_ ni ] [ n] b o j q cnb nb _ mc^ _ m* R b _ h D] [ h #n
m_ _ q _ ff( D j [ o m_ [ h ^ a l [ \ nb _ ` [ n ch [ ^ c` ` _ l ì
_ h n mj i nã [ h ^ j o ff cn ` i l ] _ ` o ffs [ q [ s ` l i g
q b _ l _ nb _ h _ _ ^ f_ )ncj cm q i l e ch a * Dh nb cm cffo mì
nl [ nci h ( [ f_ `n j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h mnl cj i ` ` [ n b [ m
\ _ _ h n_ g j i l [ l cfs f_ ` n ch j f[ ] _ *
J h ] _ nb _ ] _ h nl [ f ` [ n b [ m \ _ _ h l _ f_ [ m_ ^ ` l i g
nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] m( [ m m b i q h \ _ fi q ( D o mo ì
[ ffs ] o n [ ] l i mm cn nl [ h mp _ l m_ fs [ n nb _ f_ p_ f i `
nb _ b s i c^ \ i h _ i l nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ ã [ fcnnf_
i h i h _ mc^ _ ( nb _ h [ fcnnf_ i h nb _ i nb _ l mc^ _ (
\ [ ] e [ h ^ ` i l nb ( o h ncf cn#m ] i g j f_ n_ fs ] o n ` l _ _ *
Ob _ _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s b [ m ni \ _ m_ n b ca b _ h i o a b
ni ] i [ a o ] o n nb l i o a b nb cm ^ _ h m_ ` [ n nb [ n ] i h ì
n[ ch m nb _ b s i c^ fca [ g _ h n*

\ SQY ZW
Tb
< j [ ^ i ` ` [ n nb [ n no l h m i o n ni \ _ nl c[ h a o f[ l ch mb [ j _ cm o mo [ ffs l _ ì
g i p _ ^ ( q cnb nb _ [ j _ r [ n nb _ ] b ch [ h ^ nb _ \ [ m_ [ n nb _ b s i c^ * = _ ì
] [ o m_ nb cm ` [ n ] i h n[ ch m [ fi n i ` ` c\ l i o m ncmmo _ ( cn ` _ _ fm fce _ ` cl g
l o \ \ _ l q b _ h mk o _ _ t _ ^ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ ` ch a _ l m*
J h ] _ nb _ \ ca g c^ fch _ j c_ ] _ i l j c_ ] _ m [ l _ i o n( cn cm _ [ m s ni m_ _
ch ni nb _ ] [ p cns [ h ^ ] b i i m _ q b _ l _ D q [ h n ni l _ g i p _ [ ^ ^ cnci h [ f
\ cnm i ` ` [ n* C _ l _ ( D#g l _ g i p ch a nb _ j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h mnl cj m i ` _ r ] _ mm ` [ n*

N î
m o \ j f[ ns m g [ f [ _ m nb _ nc] m o l a _ l s
C _ l _ D#g l _ g i p ch a [ fcnnf_ g i l _ ` [ n ` l i g nb _ ] _ h nl [ f g c^ fch _ !TMN\ "$ [ m q _ ff [ m
mi g _ ` [ n ` l i g nb _ fi q _ l g c^ fch _ !ZQOP \ "&
O b cm cm [ j b i ni i ` nb _ o h ] i p _ l _ ^ [ h n_ l ci l ^ cì
a [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m [ h ^ b s i c^ [ l _ [ i ` nb _ j [ nc_ h n
q b i m _ ch nl [ i j _ l [ ncp _ j b i ni a l [ j b m [ l _ m b i q h
i h j j * / 3 / nb l i o a b / 3 3 *

\ SQY ZW
Tb
O b _ i nb _ l g _ nb i ^ ( nb _ i h _ o m_ ^ ` i l l _ g i p ch a
mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n ch [ h i i t s j [ nc_ h n i l [ j [ nc_ h n
ch q b i g
i h fs
g c^ fch _ ` [ n h _ _ ^ m ni
\ _
l _ ì
g i p _ ^ ( cm cffo mnl [ n_ ^ i h nb cm j [ a _ *
O b _ h _ _ ^ f_ )ncj _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s ] i [ a o ] o nm [ fi h a
\ i nb g _ ^ c[ f j f[ ns mg [ _ ^ a _ m* D` D q [ h n ni [ fmi
l _ g i p _ do mn [ fcnnf_ ` [ n ` l i g \ _ h _ [ nb nb _ g _ ^ c[ f
j f[ ns mg [ m( nb _ ` [ n cm a l [ mj _ ^ do mn g _ ^ c[ f ni nb _
] o n _ ^ a _ [ h ^ j o ff_ ^ ni q [ l ^ nb _ g c^ fch _ ( mi
nb [ n nb _ ] [ o n_ l s ] [ h me cp _ o h ^ _ l nb _ g o m ] f _
_ ^ a _ ` i l 1 ni - J g g ch [ \ _ p _ f_ ^ ` [ mb ci h ( [ h ì
a fch a ^ _ _ j ni q [ l ^ nb _ o h ^ _ l fs ch a mn_ l h i b s i c^
g o m] f_ ` [ m] c[ * O b _ h nb _ ] cl ] o g m] l c\ _ ^ ] _ h nl [ f
mnl cj i ` ` [ n ] [ h \ _ j _ _ f_ ^ [ q [ s *

N î
m o \ j f[ ns m g [ f [ _ m nb _ nc] m o l a _ l s
K@MDCTJ D? A< N> D< M@G@< N@
R cn b n b _ m o \ j f [ ns m g [ f f cj _ ] ni g s ] i g j f _ n_ ^ ( n b _ [ _ m nb _ nc] m i ` nb _ [ l _ [
[ l i o h ^ nb _ b s i c^ ] [ h \ _ ` o l n b _ l _ p [ f o [ n_ ^ * D^ _ [ ffs ( D q i o f ^ fce _ ni m_ _ [ ` f[ n
mo \ g _ h n[ f j f[ h _ b _ l _ nb [ n g _ _ nm q cnb nb _ p _ l nc] [ f j f[ h _ [ fi h a nb _ ` l i h n i `
nb _ h _ ] e [ n [ fg i mn [ 5 , )^ _ a l _ _ [ h a f_ * C i q _ p _ l ( n b _ ^ _ _ j ch p _ mnch a ` [ m ì
] c[ n b [ n fc_ m \ _ h _ [ nb nb _ m o \ j f [ ns m g [ f ` [ n i ` n_ h \ l c^ a _ m nb _ b s i c^ i l
m o j l [ b s i c^ [ h a f _ g [ e ch a cn m i g _ q b [ n g i l _ i \ no m _ * R b _ h nb _ mo \ j f[ ns mì
g [ f ` [ n cm _ r ] cm_ ^ ( ch p [ l c[ \ fs m i g _ i ` nb cm \ l c^ a ch a ` [ m] c[ ] i g _ m i o n q cnb
nb _ ` [ n* Ob cm i ` n_ h l _ mo fnm ch [ h [ o ni g [ nc] l _ f_ [ m_ i ` nb _ \ i q )m nl o h a j _ l c)
b s i c^ ` [ m] c[ ã [ \ s )j l i ^ o ] n i ` nb _ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f fcj _ ] ni g s ã mi nb [ n ` l _ ì
k o _ h nfs h i nb ch a g i l _ h _ _ ^ m ni \ _ ^ i h _ ni nb _ j _ l cb s i c^ ` [ m] c[ * = o n [ fg i mn
[ m i ` n_ h ( D ` ch ^ nb [ n nb _ l _ j _ l mcmnm [ fcnnf_ g i l _ i \ fck o cns ni nb _ ] _ l p c] i g _ h n[ f
[ h a f_ nb [ h D q i o f ^ fce _ * < h [ ^ ^ cnci h [ f l _ f_ [ m_ i ` nb cm nca b n \ i q ) m n l o h a ` [ m ì
] c[ ( _ cnb _ l \ s nl [ h m _ ] nci h i l _ r ] cmci h ( cm [ h _ [ ms q [ s ni ` o l nb _ l ^ _ _ j _ h [ h ^
l _ ` ch _ nb _ b s i c^ [ h a f_ *
O b cm j [ nc_ h n j l _ m_ h n_ ^ q cnb [ h i \ fck o _ ] _ l p c] i g _ h n[ f [ h a f_ * < n mo l a _ l s ( cg ì
g _ ^ c[ n_ fs [ ` n_ l [ g i ^ _ m n mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f fcj _ ] ni g s ( nb _ l _ q [ m mncff m i g _ \ fo h nì
ch a i ` nb _ b s i c^ [ h a f_ !I ZZW _ "$ \ _ ] [ o m_ nb _ q b cn_ ^ _ _ j ch p _ mnch a ` [ m] c[ ] i p ì
_ l ch a nb _ g c^ fch _ [ h ^ nb _ mn_ l h i b s i c^ g o m] f_ m mncff \ l c^ a _ ^ i p _ l nb _ b s i c^ ni
\ f_ h ^ q cnb nb _ ` [ m] c[ i ` nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] [ h ^ g s fi b s i c^ g o m] f_ m* D l _ ì
g i p _ ^ [ fcnnf_ i ` nb cm \ l c^ a ch a ` [ m] c[ b _ l _ [ h ^ nb _ l _ ni ^ _ _ j _ h nb _ ] _ l p c] i ì
g _ h n[ f [ h a f_ *

\ SQY ZW
Tb
H i m n i ` nb _ ncg _ ( [ ff nb [ n cm h _ _ ^ _ ^ cm [ p _ l s m b [ ffi q ] i [ a o ] o n i ` nb _ q b cn_
` [ m] c[ do m n [ \ i p _ nb _ b s i c^ $do m n \ _ f i q nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ m nl c] m %ã q b [ n D ] [ ff [
[ ] XZI P a WQL NI [ KQI ZMTMI [ M $N C A M %ã [ m cffo mnl [ n_ ^ i h nb _ f_`n* = o n mi g _ ncg _ m
nb _ \ l c^ a ch a ` [ m] c[ cm nb c] e _ l [ h ^ g i l _ [ \ o h ^ [ h n* Ai l nb [ n( D fc`n nb _ ` [ m] c[ q cnb
nb _ fi h a ` i l ] _ j m [ h ^ o m_ nb _ _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s ni ] o n [ q [ s nch s \ cnm q b _ l _ p _ l [
fcnnf_ g i l _ [ h a f_ ^ _ _ j _ h ch a cm l _ k o cl _ ^ ã q b [ n D ] [ ff [ XMZQP a WQL NI [ KQI ZMTMI [ M
$K C A M %ã [ m mb i q h i h nb _ l ca b n*
< h cg j i l n[ h n ` [ ] ni l ] i h nl c\ o nch a ni nb _ cg j l i p _ g _ h n i ` h _ ] e ] i h ni o l ch nb cm
j [ nc_ h n q [ m [ j _ l cb s i c^ ` [ m] c[ l _ f_ [ m_ *