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i ` mi g _ h _ ] e me ch ch nb cm j [ l nc] o f[ l j [ nc_ h n l [ nb _ l nb [ h i h _ i `
g s g i l _ o mo [ f mo f] o m ch ] cmci h m; Dg [ e _ nb [ n ^ _ n_ l g ch [ nci h g i l _
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g [ e _ g s ^ _ n_ l g ch [ nci h i h fcnnf_ g i l _ nb [ h nb [ n* I i g _ [ mo l _ ì
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g i l _ nb [ h cn ^ i _ m me ch _ f[ mnc] cns * B l s me c_ q c] t . è ` i o h ^ nb [ n nb _
\ _ mn j l _ ^ c] ni l i ` [ h ] V[ I \ Q[ NI K\ WZa me ch l _ nl [ ] nci h ` i ffi q ch a [
] fi m_ ^ fcj i mo ] nci h i ` nb _ h _ ] e q [ m nb _ j l _ m_ h ] _ i ` [ ] l _ j _ j [ j _ l
[ j j _ [ l [ h ] _ ni nb _ me ch ã ] b [ l [ ] n_ l ct _ ^ \ s [ ] l cmm] l i mm j [ nn_ l h i `
`ch _ me ch ] l _ [ m_ m* Ob cm me ch [ j j _ [ l [ h ] _ m_ _ g m ni ] i l l _ f[ n_ q _ ff
q cnb [ fi mm i ` ^ _ l g [ f _ f[ mnc] cns * Kch ] b _ ^ ] l _ j _ j [ j _ l me ch nb [ n b [ m
fi mn [ a i i ^ ^ _ [ f i ` cnm l _ ] i cf j i n_ h nc[ f q cff o mo [ ffs mn[ s ] l cg j _ ^ ` i l
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i ] ] cj cn[ f b [ cl )_ ^ a _ ch ] cmci h ` i l nb _ h _ ] e fc`n mi nb [ n D ] [ h j l _ ì
^ c] n[ \ fs nca b n_ h nb _ h _ ] e me ch \ s _ r ] cmch a mi g _ me ch * C i q _ p _ l (
` i l j [ nc_ h nm q b i q [ h n ni [ p i c^ [ h i ] ] cj cn[ f m] [ l ( [ h _ r n_ h mcp _
h _ ] e ` f[ j o h ^ _ l g ch ch a nb l i o a b [ mo f] o m ch ] cmci h $q cnb i l q cnb i o n
[ b ca b nl [ h mp _ l m_ b ch a _ % g [ s q _ ff [ ffi q [ g i l _ m[ ncm` [ ] ni l s me ch
nca b n_ h ch a nb [ h g ca b n \ _ m_ _ h [ ` n_ l [ ] fi m_ ^ fcj i mo ] nci h * R cnb
] fi m_ ^ fcj i mo ] nci h ( o mo [ ffs [ a i i ^ g [ h s ` [ m] ci ] o n[ h _ i o m m_ j n[
l _ g [ ch ch n[ ] n( n_ nb _ l ch a nb _ me ch ( [ h ^ ch b c\ cnch a [ S QV I K K W U U W L I i
\ QWV& Ob _ l _ ` i l _ nb _ j b _ h i g _ h i h j l cg [ l cfs l _ mj i h mc\ f_ ` i l n[ e ch a
o j me ch mf[ ] e h _ mm [ ` n_ l ] fi m_ ^ fcj i mo ] nci h cm [ S QV KW V \ ZI K\ QW V $
q b c] b cm ] i g j l i g cm_ ^ ni \ _ a ch q cnb ch j [ nc_ h nm q cnb ] l _ j _ j [ j _ l
me ch * R cnb [ h i j _ h h _ ] e j l i ] _ ^ o l _ ( ch q b c] b nb _ ` [ m] ci ] o n[ h _ i o m
m_ j n[ [ l _ ] i g j f_ n_ fs ^ cp c^ _ ^ i p _ l [ \ l i [ ^ [ l _ [ ( nb _ ` f[ j cm [ \ f_ ni
mfcj [ h ^ mfc^ _ g i l _ ` l _ _ fs mi nb [ n [ ] ] i g g i ^ [ nci h ] [ h j f[ s [ h cg ì
j i l n[ h n l i f_ ch [ \ mi l \ ch a me ch f[ r cns * O b _ j [ nc_ h n m b i q h \ _ fi q cfì
fo mnl [ n_ m nb cm j i ch n*
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ncp_ fs ( [ h ^ \ _ ] [ o m_ i ` nb [ n( Dmo a a _ mn_ ^ nb [ n mb _ ] i h mc^ _ l [ h i ] ì
] cj cn[ f b [ cl )_ ^ a _ ch ] cmci h * = o n nb _ j [ nc_ h n m[ c^ nb [ n mb _ i ` n_ h q i l _
b _ l l [ nb _ l nb ch b [ cl j o ff_ ^ \ [ ] e ch [ j i h s n[ cf( [ h ^ mb _ q [ h n_ ^ ni
[ p i c^ [ h s n_ ffn[ f_ mca h m i ` [ ` [ ] _ fc`n \ _ b ch ^ b _ l _ [ l m* Ob _ l _ ` i l _
mb _ _ f_ ] n_ ^ ni b [ p _ g _ o m_ ` o ff)f_ h a nb mo f] o m ch ] cmci h m* ? _ mj cn_
nb _ ` [ ] n nb [ n h i me ch q [ m l _ g i p _ ^ ` l i g b _ l h _ ] e ( nb _ fi h a mo f] o m
ch ] cmci h m [ ffi q _ ^ [ h _ r n_ h mcp _ f[ n_ l [ f h _ ] e ` f[ j o h ^ _ l g ch ch a ( j _ l ì
` i l g _ ^ o h ^ _ l ^ cl _ ] n p cmci h ( nb [ n l _ [ ] b _ ^ i o n ni nb _ i ] ] cj cn[ f b [ cl ì
fch _ i h _ [ ] b mc^ _ * Ob cm l _ mo fn_ ^ ch [ ] i g j f_ n_ l _ ^ cmnl c\ o nci h i ` b _ l
f[ r h _ ] e me ch *

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i j _ l [ ncp_ m_ l i g [ nb [ n g ca b n _ [ mcfs ] i g j l i g cm_ nb _ ] i h nl [ ] nci h i ` j i i l fs ] i h ì
nl [ ] ncf_ h _ ] e me ch ( mi D n_ h ^ ni f_ [ p_ nb _ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m mo ] nci h ^ l [ ch m ch j f[ ] _
ohncf nb _ l _ cm g ch cg [ f m_ l i o m i l m_ l i m[ h a o ch i o m ^ l [ ch [ a _ *
R b _ h Dch mj _ ] n [ h _ ] e ^ o l ch a nb _ ] i h mo fn[ nci h ( D [ fmi q [ h n ni e h i q mj _ ] c`c] [ ffs
q b [ n nb _ me ch ch nb _ fi q _ l g c^ fch _ fi i e m fce _* Gi i m_ ] l ch e f_ ^ me ch [ \ i p_ nb _
g [ h o \ l co g ( ] [ ff_^ KP QKS MV [ S QV \ s mi g _ j [ nc_ h nm( cm j [ l nc] o f[ l fs ^ c``c] o fn ni
mg i i nb [ h ^ cg j l i p_ q cnb i o n [ fi q f[ n_l[ f j o ff)\ [ ] e [ fi h a nb _ i ] ] cj cn[ f b[ cl )
_ ^ a _ * Ob [ n ns j _ i ` q _ [ nb _ l _ ^ me ch cm ns j c] [ ffs ` i o h ^ ch q i g _ h ( q b i m_ h _ ] e
[ h ^ o j j _ l ] b _ mn i `n_ h l _ `f_ ] n g [ h s s _ [ l m i ` mo h _ r j i mo l _ *
D n_ff j [ nc_ h nm q cnb fi i m_ mo j l [ mn_ l h [ f me ch nb [ n [ `n_ l mo l a _ l s nb _ fi q _ l h _ ] e
me ch q cff mncff li ff ch ni b i l ct i h n[ f me ch `i f^ m q b _ h nb _ ] b ch cm no ] e _ ^ ^ i q h q [ l ^ (
l _ a [ l ^ f_ mm i ` q b _ nb _ l Dl _ g i p_ mi g _ me ch ` l i g nb _ h _ ] e * < ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ( cn q cff
mncff \ _ j i mmc\ f_ ni j ch ] b [ h ^ j off nb _ me ch i o nq [ l ^ [ a i i ^ ^ cmn[ h ] _ ` l i g nb _
mo l `[ ] _ ( \ _ ] [ o m_ mo l a _ l s mcg j fs ] [ h #n g [ e _ nb cm fi q _ l h _ ] e me ch fi i e [ h ^ [ ] n
nb _ q [ s cn ^ c^ q b _ h nb _ j [ nc_ h n q [ m . , * M[ nb_ l ( mo l a _ l s mb i o f^ \ _ m_ _ h [ m n[ cì
fi l ch a [ \ _ nn_ l `cn nb [ n q cff [ ffi q [ h i l g [ f l [ h a _ i ` h _ ] e g i nci h ã g i nci h nb [ n
q i o f^ h #n \ _ j i mmc\ f_ c` nb _ me ch q _ l _ mnl _ n] b _ ^ [ m nca b n [ m [ ^ l o g *
Dh i n_ [ n nb _ ] i h mo fn[ nci h nb _ j l _ m_ h ] _ i ` ^ _ _ j ] _ h nl [ f h _ ] e me ch ] l _ [ m_ m*
K[ nc_ h nm [ l _ ni f^ nb _ m_ b i l ct i h n[ f ] l _ [ m_ m q cff \ _ cg j l i p_ ^ \ s l _ f_ [ mch a nb _
[ SQV KZMI [ M NQTI U MV\ [ o h ^ _ l nb _ me ch ( q b c] b q cff [ ffi q nb _ me ch ni m_ nnf_ ch ni [
^ c``_ l _ h n j i mcnci h * Ob _ s [ l _ [ fmi ni f^ nb [ n nb _ ] l _ [ m_ fch_m q i h #n \ _ _ fcg ch [ n_ ^
] i g j f_ n_ fs * H i mn j [ nc_ h nm nb _ h n_ff g _ nb [ n nb _ s e h _ q nb [ n [ fl _[ ^ s *
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cg j l i p_ ^ do mn \ s q c^ _ fs o h ^ _ l g ch ch a nb _ me ch [ h ^ l _ f_ [ mch a nb _ nca b n [ ^ b _ mci h m
] i h h _ ] nch a nb _ ^ _ l g cm [ h ^ nb _ mo j _ l `c] c[ f `[ m] c[ *

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j l ci l ` [ ] _ fc`n i l h _ ] e fc`n( \ o n [ fmi ` l i g [ h i h ] i mg _ nc] j l i ] _ ^ o l _ (
mo ] b [ m [ h _ h ^ [ l n_ l _ ] ni g s i l nb s l i c^ mo l a _ l s * Ob _ m] [ l m ` l i g
j l _ p ci o m ] i mg _ nc] j l i ] _ ^ o l _ m g [ s h _ _ ^ ni \ _ o m_ ^ i l l _ pcm_ ^ [ n
nb _ h _ r n mo l a _ l s ( [ h ^ mi g _ m] [ l m g [ s ch ` fo _ h ] _ nb _ f_ h a nb i ` nb _
ch ] cmci h m D#ff o m_ ` i l nb _ h _ ] e fc`n* Ai l _ r [ g j f_ ( ch j [ nc_ h nm q cnb
p_ l nc] [ f _ h ^ [ l n_ l _ ] ni g s m] [ l m( i l fi h a P QOP nl [ h mp _ l m_ nb s l i c^ _ ] ì
ni g s m] [ l m( Dq i h #n o m_ [ h i ] ] cj cn[ f ch ] cmci h \ _ ] [ o m_ nb _ \ fi i ^
mo j j fs ni nb _ g [ mni c^ me ch g ca b n \ _ ] i g j l i g cm_ ^ \ s nb [ n ] i g ì
\ ch [ nci h i ` ch ] cmci h m* Gi q nb s l i c^ _ ] ni g s m] [ l m( nb _ g i l _ o mo [ f
e ch ^ ( [ l _ h i n [ ] i h ] _ l h *
Ach [ ffs ( D fi i e ` i l j i mmc\ f_ me ch ] [ h ] _ l * H i mn i ` nb _ j [ nc_ h nm ] i h ì
mo fnch a q cnb g _ [ \ i o n h _ ] e )fc` n mo l a _ l s [ l _ ch nb [ n [ a _ a l i o j ch
q b c] b me ch ] [ h ] _ l cm j l _ p[ f_ h n* D` [ mo mj c] ci o m f_ mci h cm ` i o h ^ ( cn
mb i o f^ \ _ ^ _ [ fn q cnb [ j j l i j l c[ n_ fs *

- 4 2

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\ s [ j l _ pci o m mo l a _ l s ( nb _ ] i h mcmn_ h ] s i ` nb _ ` [ n mb i o f^ \ _ [ mì
m_ mm_ ^ * D a _ h nfs j ch ] b b _ l _ [ h ^ nb _ l _ ( nl s ch a ni l o \ nb _ `[ n \ _ ì
nq _ _ h g s nb o g \ [ h ^ ch ^ _ r `ch a _ l m* D` nb _ `[ n cm j ch ] b [ \ f_ ( [ h ^ c` cn
`_ _ fm mk o cmb s ( cn ] [ h o mo [ ffs \ _ l _ g i p_ ^ _ [ mcfs \ s fcj i mo ] nci h *
Ob cm [ WN\ NI \ q cff [ ffi q g s ^ cmm_ ] nch a m] cmmi l m ni a fc^ _ nb l i o a b cn
[ m _ [ mcfs [ m mfc] ch a n_ g j _ l _ ^ \ o nn_ l * Ni ` n `[ n [ fmi o mo [ ffs \ f_ _ ^ m
p _ l s fcnnf_ * Dn#m nb _ e ch ^ i ` `[ n j f[ mnc] mo l a _ i h m fce_*
AW] OP NI \ $ i h nb _ i nb _ l b [ h ^ ( cm b [ l ^ ni a l [ mj [ h ^ `_ _fm fce _ ` i [ g
l o \ \ _ l * Dn ] i h n[ ch m [ fi n i ` ] i h h _ ] ncp_ ncmmo _ * Ob cm `[ n cm ^ c``c] o fn ni
l _ g i p_ \ s fcj i mo ] nci h ( l _ mcmnm o h ^ _ l g ch ch a q cnb m] cmmi l m( [ h ^
\ f_ _ ^ m [ fi n( \ _ ] [ o m_ nch s \ fi i ^ p_ mm_ fm [ ] ] i g j [ h s nb _ o \ ck o cì
ni o m `c\ l i o m `cf[ g _ h nm l o h h ch a nb l i o a b i o n* Oi o a b `[ n b [ m ` _ q
`l c_ h ^ m [ g i h a j f[ mnc] mo l a _ i h m*

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nb _ ` [ n i h nb _ o h ^ _ l mc^ _ i ` nb _ ` f[ j ( \ f_ ^ p _ l s fcnnf_ [ ` n_ l nb _ _ j cì
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Ob _ i nb _ l j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ ni o a b `[ n nb [ n b [ ^ ni \ _ ] o n nb l i o a b mb [ l j fs
q cnb m] cmmi l m [ h ^ \ f_ ^ j l i ` o m_ fs ` l i g [ a l _ [ n g [ h s j i ch nm [ ` n_ l
nb _ _ j ch _ j b l ch _ b [ ^ ^ cmmcj [ n_ ^ *
Dh g i mn h _ ] e m D_ r [ g ch _ ( nb _ ` [ n o h ^ _ l nb _ me ch ^ i _ mh #n `_ _ f p _ l s
mk o cmb s i l p _ l s ` cl g ( \ o n mi g _ q b _ l _ ch \ _ nq _ _ h 7 mi g i mn i ` nb _
ncg _ D ] [ h #n n_ ff o h ncf D mn[ l n nb _ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m ^ cmm_ ] nci h q b [ n
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ni o l [ h ^ j l i d_ ] nci h cm i `n_ h ^ c``_ l _ h n i h _ [ ] b mc^ _* D#ff fi i e ] [ l _ ì
`o ffs [ n nb _ `l i h n i ` nb _ ] b ch [ \ cn f[ n_l* D] [ h o mo [ ffs n_ff [ n [ a f[ h ] _
c` nb _ ] b ch q i o f^ \ _ h _ ` cn ` l i g g i l _ j l i d_ ] nci h ( q cnb i o n b [ pch a
ni ^ l i j [ h cg [ a ch [ l s fch_ ^ i q h ` l i g nb _ `l i h n i ` nb _ `i l _ b _ [ ^ i l
fi q _ l fcj ni m_ _ c` nb _ ] b ch g _ _ nm nb _ ] i h m_ h mo m c^ _[ f i ` mcnnch a [ n
i l do mn mfca b nfs j i mn_ l ci l ni nb _ ` l i h n i ` nb _ fi q _ l fcj &g% d%*(%+*%+-

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[ o a g _ h n[ nci h ( q b c] b cm [ h _ [ ms q [ s ni m_ _ b i q nb _ ] b ch ( h _ ] e (
[ h ^ ` [ ] _ q i o f^ fi i e q cnb g i l _ ] b ch j l i d_ ] nci h ( [ m D#g ^ i ch a ch
nb _ j b i ni [ \ i p_ *
D` nb _ ^ _ h n[ f i ] ] fo mci h cm h i l g [ f( i l [ \ h i l g [ f \ o n h i n [ j l i \ f_ g
`i l nb _ j [ nc_ h n $nb _ o mo [ f ] [ m_ %( nb _ h D o mo [ ffs `_ _ f ] i g ` i l n[ \ f_
^ _ [ fch a q cnb [ mg [ ff ] b ch \ s ch m_ l nch a [ ] b ch cg j f[ h n* Ob cm j [ nc_ h n
b [ ^ [ ] b ch cg j f[ h n ch ] i h do h ] nci h q cnb [ h cmi f[ n_ ^ h _ ] e fc`n*
C i q _ p _ l ( c` nb _ mg [ ff ] b ch cm [ mmi ] c[ n_ ^ q cnb [ mca h c` c] [ h n i ] ì
] fo m[ f j l i \ f_ g ( m_ p_ l _ l _ nl i a h [ nb c[ ( i l j l i g ch _ h n \ cg [ r cff[ l s ^ cmì
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^ _ ` _ l l ch a nb _ h _ ] e fc`n o h ncf nb _ cmmo _ m l _ a [ l ^ ch a nb _ \ i h s [ \ ì
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- 5 ,

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] l _ [ m_ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ fi q _ l fcj [ h ^ ] b ch ( [ h ^ nb _ mct _ [ h ^ mb [ j _ i ` nb _ mi ` n
ncmmo _ ] b ch j [ ^ * D` [ mg [ ff ] b ch q cnb [ b ca b i l ch ^ cmnch ] n f[ \ ci g _ h n[ f ] l _ [ m_ cm
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mci h ( cn ] [ h g [ e _ nb _ ] b ch [ j j _ [ l ni i \ ca ` i l nb _ fi q _ l ` [ ] _ _ p_ h nb i o a b nb _
j l i j _ l [ g i o h n i ` [ h n_ l ci l j l i d_ ] nci h b [ m \ _ _ h [ ] b c_ p_ ^ ã [ m b [ j j _ h _ ^ q cnb nb _
j [ nc_ h n [ \ i p_ *
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f[ l fs nb _ f[ l a _ l mct _ m( l cm_ m o j ] _ h nl [ ffs [ h ^ g [ s [ fmi ` o l nb _ l ^ _ _ j _ h [ h [ fl _ [ ^ s
^ _ _ j me ch ] l _ [ m_ * Ob _ q [ s ni [ pi c^ nb _ m_ o h ^ _ mcl [ \ f_ [ _ mnb _ nc] i o n] i g _ m cm
mcg j fs ni ] [ l p _ ^ i q h nb _ ] _ h nl [ f j i l nci h i ` nb _ cg j f[ h n( q b c] b nb _ h [ ffi q m
nb _ \ [ h ^ fce _ cg j f[ h n ni j l i pc^ _ nb _ h _ _ ^ _ ^ [ ^ ^ cnci h [ f fi q _ l ] b ch j l i d_ ] nci h
q cnb i o n [ o a g _ h nch a nb _ ] _ j b [ fc] j i l nci h i ` nb _ ] b ch j [ ^ i l ` o l nb _ l ^ _ _ j _ h ch a
nb _ f[ \ ci g _ h n[ f a l i i p _ [ \ i p_ cn*03
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] b ch ch mo `` c] c_ h nfs j [ ^ ^ _ ^ [ h ^ j l i d_ ] n_ ^ * < h i ` ` )nb _ )mb _ f` f[ l a _ )mct _ ^ ] b ch cg ì
j f[ h n q cnb [ \ l i [ ^ ] _ h nl [ f p_ l nc] [ f b _ ca b n q [ m o m_ ^ ni [ o a g _ h n nb _ ] b ch [ n nb _
ncg _ i ` b _ l ` [ ] _ )h _ ] e fc`n( q b c] b _ r [ a a _ l [ n_ ^ nb _ mnl [ h a _ ] _ j b [ fc] ` o ffh _ mm i `
nb _ ] b ch do mn \ _ fi q nb _ b ca b f[ \ ci g _ h n[ f ] l _ [ m_ *

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n 5 -
M_ ^ o ] ch a nb _ p_ l nc] [ f ] _ h nl [ f b _ ca b n i ` nb _ cg j f[ h n cm [ fmi l _ ] i g g _ h ^ _ ^ ` i l nb _
j [ nc_ h n q cnb [ mg [ ff [ h ^ p _ l nc] [ ffs mb i l n ] b ch q cnb [ h i l g [ f f[ \ ci g _ h n[ f
] l _ [ m_ * 3 J ] ] [ mci h [ ffs D o m_ [ h cg j f[ h n nb [ n q l [ j m i p _ l nb _ ch ` _ l ci l \ i l ^ _ l i `
nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ ni [ g j fc` s nb _ p_ l nc] [ f ^ cg _ h mci h i ` [ mb i l n ] b ch * D#p _ f_ [ l h _ ^ (
b i q _ p _ l ( nb [ n cn cm j i mmc\ f_ ni ] l _ [ n_ nb _ [ j j _ [ l [ h ] _ i ` ] b ch j ni mcm q cnb nb cm
g [ h _ o p _ l * Ob _ l _ ` i l _ ( c` [ mca h c` c] [ h n p_ l nc] [ f ] b ch ch mo ` ` c] c_ h ] s _ r cmnm( [ h i mì
m_ i o m f_ h a nb _ h ch a j l i ] _ ^ o l _ mb i o f^ [ n f_ [ mn \ _ ] i h mc^ _ l _ ^ * Ob _ m[ g _ [ j ì
j l i [ ] b cm n[ e _ h ` i l [ ] b ch nb [ n b [ m ni i g o ] b p _ l nc] [ f b _ ca b n* D` cn cm g cf^ ( cnm
b _ ca b n ] [ h \ _ [ ] ] _ j n_ ^ * D` cn cm k o cn_ ] i h mj c] o i o m( cn mb i o f^ \ _ nl _ [ n_ ^ q cnb
[ h i mm_ i o m l _ ^ o ] nci h ( ] i g \ ch _ ^ q cnb [ h [ ^ p [ h ] _ g _ h n a _ h ci j f[ mns ( c` nb _ ] b ch
[ fmi b [ m ch mo ` ` c] c_ h n [ h n_ l ci l j l i d_ ] nci h *
Kl _ p ci o m ] b ch cg j f[ h n mo l a _ l s ( i l i mm_ i o m g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l mo l a _ l s ( c` [ j j l i [ ] b _ ^
ch nl [ i l [ ffs q cnb mi ` n ncmmo _ L M OTW ^ QV O i ` nb _ ] b ch ` i l _ r j i mo l _ ( mi g _ ncg _ m j l i ì
^ o ] _ m [ fi q _ l _ ^ l _ mnch a j i mno l _ i ` nb _ fi q _ l fcj * Ob cm l _ mo fnm ` l i g ch [ ^ _ ì
k o [ n_ l _ mo mj _ h mci h i ` nb _ g _ h n[ fcm g o m] f_ m q cnb \ o l c_ ^ mo no l _ m* Ob _ m_ j [ ì
nc_ h nm g [ s \ _ k o cn_ o h ] i g ` i l n[ \ f_ ã b [ p ch a ni q i l e [ n g [ ch n[ ch ch a fcj m_ [ f* Ob _
] b ch i ` n_ h ^ cmj f[ s m g o m] f_ ` [ m] c] o f[ nci h m [ h ^ ^ cg j fch a [ m nb _ g _ h n[ fcm g o m] f_
mnl o a a f_ m ni e _ _ j nb _ fcj m ni a _ nb _ l * < h [ \ h i l g [ ffs ^ _ _ j a ch a cp [ f mo f] o m ch mc^ _
nb _ fi q _ l fcj cm o mo [ ffs j l _ m_ h n* D` nb cm ] i h ^ cnci h cm i \ m_ l p _ ^ [ ` n_ l j l _ p ci o m ] b ch
mo l a _ l s ( [ fi q _ l fcj [ h ^ ] b ch mi ` n ncmmo _ l _ mo mj _ h mci h j l i ] _ ^ o l _ mb i o f^ \ _
] i h mc^ _ l _ ^ ` i l nb _ j [ nc_ h n( [ m ^ _ m] l c\ _ ^ \ s Uc^ _ [ h ^ = i o nl i m+ 3
L o cn_ i ` n_ h D ^ _ n_ ] n [ X [ M ] L W U QKZW OM V QI ã [ ] b ch nb [ n [ j j _ [ l m ni b [ p _ [ h ch [ ^ ì
_ k o [ n_ [ h n_ l ci l j l i d_ ] nci h ( \ o n [ ] no [ ffs b [ m mo ` ` c] c_ h n j l i d_ ] nci h * Ob cm cffo mci h cm
] [ o m_ ^ \ s [ m_ p _ l _ fs i \ fck o _ ] _ l p c] i g _ h n[ f [ h a f_ * < l _ [ f g c] l i a _ h c[ ] [ h \ _
_ [ mcfs ^ c` ` _ l _ h nc[ n_ ^ ` l i g [ j m_ o ^ i g c] l i a _ h c[ \ s j o mb ch a [ mc^ _ nb _ mi ` n ncmmo _ m
\ _ h _ [ nb nb _ ] b ch ni g [ r cg [ ffs ^ _ ` ch _ nb _ b s i c^ [ h a f_ q b cf_ fi i e ch a ` l i g nb _
mc^ _ ã [ m D#g ^ i ch a ch nb _ j b i ni \ _ fi q * R cnb nb _ mi ` n ncmmo _ m i ` nb _ h _ ] e ^ ca cì
n[ ffs j o mb _ ^ [ mc^ _ ( nb cm j [ nc_ h n ] [ h \ _ m_ _ h ni [ ] no [ ffs b [ p _ [ g o ] b mnl i h a _ l
] b ch ( [ fnb i o a b [ \ cn g i l _ ] b ch j l i d_ ] nci h ` l i g [ mg [ ff ] b ch cg j f[ h n q i o f^ \ _ i `
[ _ mnb _ nc] \ _ h _ ` cn ch nb cm j [ nc_ h n( _ p _ h q cnb [ h c^ _ [ ffs m] o fj n_ ^ b s i c^ [ h a f_ *

*2+

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Tb
Dmi g _ ncg _ m m_ _ _ p_ h _ r j _ l c_ h ] _ ^ mo l a _ i h m ch [ j j l i j l c[ n_ fs nl _ [ n [ h i \ fck o _
] _ l p c] i g _ h n[ f [ h a f_ \ s ch m_ l nch a [ ] b ch cg j f[ h n $j _ l b [ j m [ fi h a q cnb [ ] fi m_ ^
mo \ g _ h n[ f fcj i mo ] nci h % l [ nb _ l nb [ h ^ _ [ fch a q cnb nb _ l_[ f j l i \ f_ g 6 [ h _ r ] _ mm i l
[ \ l c^ a ch a i ` mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ncmmo _ m( l _ k o cl ch a [ h i j _ h mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f j l i ] _ ^ o l _
`i l j l i j _ l ] i l l _ ] nci h * D` nb _ ] b ch b [ ^ \ [ l _ fs [ ^ _ k o [ n_ j l i d_ ] nci h ni \ _ a ch q cnb (
nb _ [ ^ ^ cnci h i ` [ mg [ ff cg j f[ h n g [ s q _ ff nl c] e nb _ _ s _ ch ni m_ _ ch a [ \ _ nn_ l b s i c^
[ h a f_ * = o n `i l [ j [ nc_ h n q b i mn[ l nm i ` ` q cnb [ g i l _ nb [ h [ ^ _ k o [ n_ ^ _ a l _ _ i `
] b ch j l i d_ ] nci h ( nb _ [ ^ ^ cnci h i ` [ h cg j f[ h n i `n_ h f_ [ p_ m nb _ j [ nc_ h n q cnb \ i nb [ h
i p_ l fs j l i g ch _ h n ] b ch [ h ^ [ h o h ] i l l _ ] n_ ^ mo \ g _ h n[ f ] i h ni o l * Dn#m cg j i l n[ h n ni
g [ e _ nb _ ] i l l _ ] n ^ c[ a h i mcm( [ h ^ nb _ h j l i ] _ _ ^ [ ] ] i l ^ ch a fs * ? i h #n n[ e _ nb _ _ [ ms
q [ s c` cn#m h i n nb _ l ca b n q [ s *
R b _ h D_ r [ g ch _ nb _ ] b ch ( D [ fq [ s m ] b _ ] e ` i l ] b ch j ni mcm( _ p_ h c` cn#m do mn [ g cì
h i l ^ l i i j ( \ _ ] [ o m_ h _ a f_ ] nch a cnm ] i l l _ ] nci h g [ s g [ l [ h i nb _ l q cm_ _ r ] _ ff_ h n
l _ mo fn* Ob cm j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ do mn [ \ cn i ` mn[ nc] j ni mcm nb [ n q [ m _ [ mcfs _ fcg ch [ n_ ^ [ n
nb _ ncg _ i ` b _ l h _ ] e fc`n*
D[ fmi fi i e `i l ^ s h [ g c] j ni mcm( q b c] b cm [ ] b ch ^ l i i j nb [ n [ j j _ [ l m i l \ _ ] i g _ m
_ r [ a a _ l [ n_ ^ q b _ h nb _ j [ nc_ h n cm mj _ [ e ch a i l mg cfch a * Ob cm j [ nc_ h n ^ cmj f[ s _ ^
\ i nb mn[ nc] [ h ^ ^ s h [ g c] ] b ch j ni mcm* D` _ cnb _ l cm i \ m_ l p_ ^ ( D g _ h nci h nb cm ni nb _
j [ nc_ h n [ h ^ q _ ^ cm] o mm nl _ [ ng _ h n* Ob _ ^ _ j nb [ h ^ fi ] [ nci h i ` nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f
me ch ] l _ [ m_ cm h i n_ ^ * $H s nl _ [ ng _ h n i ` ] b ch j ni mcm cm cffo mnl [ n_ ^ ch > b [ j n_ l - , *%

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D` nb _ ] b ch [ j j _ [ l m ni \ _ i p_ l j l i d_ ] nch a ( D j ch ] b [ h ^ j [ fj [ n_ nb _ mi `n
[ h ^ b [ l ^ ncmmo _ m ni ^ c` ` _ l _ h nc[ n_ \ i h _ ` l i g me ch [ h ^ ` [ n* D` nb _ j l i \ ì
f_ g cm ni i g o ] b \ i h _ ( [ h ^ nb _ j [ nc_ h n cm l _ ] _ j ncp_ ( [ h i mm_ i o m l _ ^ o ] ì
nci h i l m_ n)\ [ ] e g ca b n \ _ ] i h mc^ _ l _ ^ [ n nb _ ncg _ i ` nb _ h _ ] e fc`n i l [ m [
m_ j [ l [ n_ j l _ fcg ch [ l s j l i ] _ ^ o l _ * Dh g s _ r j _ l c_ h ] _ ( nb cm mcno [ nci h [ l cm_ m
k o cn_ ch ` l _ k o _ h nfs * Dh `[ ] n( g i mn j [ nc_ h nm q cnb j l i g ch _ h n ] b ch m( j [ l nc] o ì
f[ l fs c` nb _ _ r ] _ mm cm g cf^ ( j l _ ` _ l h i n ni \ i nb _ l q cnb [ \ i h s l _ ^ o ] nci h (
[ h ^ [ g i ^ _ mn ^ _ a l _ _ i ` ] b ch _ r ] _ mm cm a _ h _ l [ ffs j l _ ` _ l l _ ^ ni nb _
m[ g _ ^ _ a l _ _ i ` g c] l i a _ h c[ *0/
C i q _ p_ l ( [ ] b ch nb [ n ] f_ [ l fs \ _ ] i g _ m ni i j l i g ch _ h n [ m [ l _ mo fn i `
mo l a _ l s cm o mo [ ffs ^ cmj f_ [ mch a ni nb _ j [ nc_ h n( j [ l nc] o f[ l fs [ ` _ g [ f_ j [ ì
nc_ h n* R c^ _ l _ n [ f02 j i ch n_ ^ nb cm i o n ch j [ nc_ h nm q b i b [ ^ [ mfc^ ch a a _ h ci ì
j f[ mns [ h ^ ` [ ] _ )h _ ] e fc`n* Ob [ n \ _ ch a nb _ ] [ m_ ( c` D] i h mo fn q cnb [ j [ nc_ h n
[ \ i o n [ h _ ] e fc`n q b i b [ m [ \ ca ] b ch [ h ^ [ `off ` [ nns h _ ] e q cnb [ h
i \ fck o _ ] _ l pc] i g _ h n[ f [ h a f_ ( D#ff f_ [ p_ [ fcnnf_ i \ fck o cns [ n nb _ b s i c^ [ h ì
a f_ $q cnb nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m _ h ^ i l m_ g _ h n% ni j l _ p_ h n nb _ \ ca ] b ch ` l i g [ j ì
j _ [ l ch a g o ] b ni i \ ca * $Ob cm mcno [ nci h cm cffo mnl [ n_ ^ ch > b [ j n_ l - ( j * 2 0 *%
< ` n_ l D ] i g j f_ n_ nb _ j l i `cf_ _ r [ g ch [ nci h ( Di \ m_ l p_ nb _ ] b ch ` l i g nb _
`l i h n* Dfi i e ` i l ] i h ni o l [ h ^ p i fo g _ [ ms g g _ nl c_ m( q b c] b [ l _ h i n o h ì
] i g g i h * J ` n_ h i h _ mc^ _ i ` nb _ ] b ch cm `o ff_ l nb [ h nb _ i nb _ l * D` nb _
[ ms g g _ nl s cm h i n p_ l s h i nc] _ [ \ f_ ( cn ] [ h \ _ ca h i l _ ^ * D` nb _ [ ms g g _ nl s
cm k o cn_ h i nc] _ [ \ f_ ( [ h ^ m_ _ g m ni \ _ ] [ o m_ ^ \ s [ f[ ] e i ` mi ` n ncmmo _ i h
i h _ mc^ _ ( `[ n a l [ ` nm ] [ h \ _ nl c_ ^ * D` nb _ ] b ch [ fmi f[ ] e m j l i d_ ] nci h ( Dg [ s
ch m_ l n [ ] b ch cg j f[ h n( j i mmc\ fs o mch a [ \ ca a _ l cg j f[ h n i h i h _ mc^ _ i `
nb _ g c^ fch _ nb [ h i h nb _ i nb _ l ( i l Dg [ s o m_ [ o h c` i l g cg j f[ h n [ h ^ ` o l ì
nb _ l [ o a g _ h n nb _ ^ _ ` c] c_ h n mc^ _ q cnb ch d_ ] n_ ^ `[ n*
Ach[ ffs ( \ o n cg j i l n[ h nfs ( q b cf_ D b [ p_ \ _ _ h _ r [ g ch ch a nb _ ] b ch [ h ^ i \ ì
m_ l pch a nb _ j [ nc_ h n mj _ [ e ch a ^ o l ch a nb _ ] i h mo fn[ nci h ( D b [ p _ [ fmi \ _ _ h
] b _ ] e ch a ] [ l _ ` o ffs ` i l [ \ h i l g [ f j i mno l _ m i l g i p _ g _ h nm( j [ l nc] o f[ l ì
fs i ` nb _ fcj m* D h i q b [ p_ nb _ j [ nc_ h n mg cf_ [ h ^ j o l m_ nb _ fcj m( [ h ^ \ fi q
o j nb _ ] b _ _ e m( [ h ^ j o ff nb _ ] i l h _ l m i ` nb _ g i o nb ^ i q h ( [ h ^ mk o ch n(
[ h ^ l [ cm_ nb _ _ s _ \ l i q m* < h _ mn[ \ fcmb _ ^ g i ni l q _ [ e h _ mm g [ s \ _ ] i h ì
a _ h cn[ f( i l cn g [ s b [ p_ \ _ _ h j l i ^ o ] _ ^ \ s [ = _ ff#m j [ fms ( [ h ch do l s ni [
`[ ] c[ f h _ l p_ \ l [ h ] b ` l i g [ \ i \ mf_ ^ [ ] ] c^ _ h n( [ j l _ pci o m mo l a _ l s ( [
mnl i e _ ( i l [ no g i l ã f_ [ pch a [ q _ [ e h _ mm nb [ n cm mi g cf^ nb [ n nb _ j [ nc_ h n
cm o h [ q [ l _ i ` cnm _ r cmn_ h ] _ * D` D ^ _ n_ ] n [ h s nb ch a [ \ h i l g [ f i l o h o mo [ f(
D j i ch n cn i o n ni nb _ j [ nc_ h n [ h ^ [ me [ \ i o n cn [ m q _ ff [ m ^ i ] o g _ h n cn(
f_ mn cn \ _ ^ _ n_ ] n_ ^ \ s nb _ j [ nc_ h n i l [ `l c_ h ^ i l l _ f[ ncp_ [ ` n_ l [ h _ q mo l ì
a _ l s [ h ^ \ _ [ nnl c\ o n_ ^ ni nb _ j l i ] _ ^ o l _ * < ^ cm] o mmci h i ` [ h i \ m_ l p_ ^
h _ o l i g o m] o f[ l g i nci h [ \ h i l g [ fcns cm [ h c^ _ [ f ncg _ ni [ fmi n[ fe q cnb nb _
j [ nc_ h n [ \ i o n nb _ j i mmc\ f_ q _ [ e h _ mm ni [ fi q _ l fcj ^ _ j l _ mmi l g o m] f_
nb [ n ] i o f^ i ] ] o l ` i ffi q ch a [ j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns i l mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f mo l a _ l s *

' #

h _ ] e fc`_
OC @ E< R GDI @ = < I ?
< m q cnb nb _ ] b ch ( Dfi i e `i l [ ms g g _ nl c_ m [ m q _ ff [ m [ h o h o mo [ f mb [ j _ i l j l i g cì
h _ h n `f[ l _ ni nb _ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l [ h a f_ * M[ g cl _ t [ h ^ Mi \ _ l nmi h /0 _ mncg [ n_ ^ nb [ n
5 , ! i ` nb _ cl j [ nc_ h nm o h ^ _ l a i ch a g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l mo l a _ l s b [ ^ [ fi h a _ l g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l
l [ g o m i h nb _ f_`n mc^ _ nb [ h i h nb _ l ca bn*
< h ch ^ cmnch ] n g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l _ ^ a _ q cnb i o n [ j f_[ mcha mn_ j )^ i q h ni nb _ mo \ g [ h ì
^ c\ o f[ l j f[ h _ cm [ `l _ k o _ h n ] i h ] _ l h i ` j [ nc_ h nmã [ m _ r _ g j fc`c_ ^ ch nb cm j [ nc_ h n
!TMN\"& J j ncg [ f cg j l i p_ g _ h n i `n_ h l _ k o cl _ m h i n i h fs [ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m ^ _ `[ nnch a
] [ o ^ [ f ni nb _ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l \ i l ^ _l ( \ o n [ fmi i p_ l [ h ^ [ \ i p_ cnã _ cnb _ l nb l i o a b [ h
i j _ h [ j j l i [ ] b ( [ m nb cm j [ nc_ h n !ZQOP\" b [ ^ ( i l \ s ] fi m_ ^ fcj i mo ] nci h * @cnb _ l q [ s (
b i q _ p_ l ( [ nn_ h nci h mb i o f^ \ _ a cp_ h ni j l _ m_ l pch a nb _ M[ [ MV\ QI T XI LLQVO i ` `[ n
\ _ nq _ _ h nb _ me ch [ h ^ nb _ o h ^ _ l fs ch a \ i h _ [ h ^ moj _l `c] c[ f `[ m] c[ *

n-
n 8 VS ^ OQW
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D[ fmi fi i e ` i l [ h ^ i ` n_ h ` ch ^ [ di q f [ h ^ [ j l _ di q f h i n] b q cnb ch
nb _ d[ q fch _ \ [ h ^ * R b [ n mct _ di q f; C i q ^ _ _ j [ h i n] b ;
Ob cm j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ [ j l i g ch _ h n di q f [ h ^ [ g i ^ _ l [ n_ j l _ di q f h i n] b *
= i nb q _ l _ n[ l a _ n_ ^ ` i l ] i l l _ ] nci h ( q b c] b ch p i fp _ ^ [ ^ cl _ ] n _ r ] cì
mci h i ` _ r ] _ mm di q f ` [ n [ h ^ nb _ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m l _ f_ [ m_ i ` nb _ g [ h ì
^ c\ o f[ l fca [ g _ h n*
Ob cm j [ nc_ h n [ fmi b [ ^ [ \ ca di q f [ h ^ [ h _ p _ h ^ _ _ j _ l j l _ di q f
h i n] b * O b _ m[ g _ mo l a c] [ f g [ h _ o p _ l m q _ l _ o m_ ^ ( \ o n nb cm j [ nc_ h n
q [ m f_ ` n q cnb [ mfca b n j l _ di q f ch ^ _ h n[ nci h *

- 5 2

\ SQY ZW
Tb
Dh [ ^ ^ cnci h ni [ h ch ^ cmnch ] n m_ j [ l [ nci h i ` nb _ ] b _ _ e ` l i g nb _ h _ ] e ( nb cm j [ nc_ h n
b [ ^ [ f[ l a _ di q f nb [ n mj cff_ ^ ch ni nb _ o j j _ l h _ ] e * Ob cm ns j _ i ` di q f `[ n o mo [ ffs
mnc] e m nca b nfs ni nb _ j f[ ns mg [ o h ^ _ l nb _ fi q _ l \ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ ã nb _
ns j _ i ` di q f nb [ n l _ k o cl _ m [ ^ _ ^ c] [ n_ ^ ` [ n _ r ] cmci h ( nb [ n ^ _ `c_ m [ ] b _ _ e fc`n
[ fi h _( _ p_ h i h _ q cnb [ p_ l nc] [ f p_ ] ni l fc`n i l cg \ l c] [ nci h i ` mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m d[ q ì
fch_ `[ n [ h ^ NH < N*
@p_ h c` nb _ j [ nc_ h n l _ k o _ mnm [ h cmi f[ n_ ^ h _ ] e fc`n( D[ fmi ] [ l _ `o ffs n[ e _ h i n_ i `
nb _ g _ ^ c[ f ] b _ _ e [ \ i p_ nb _ d[ q fch _ * D` nb _ l _ cm [ h i nc] _ [ \ f_ f[ \ ci g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l
`i f^ ( [ j o ` ` s [ l _[ h _ [ l nb _ ] i l h _ l i ` nb _ g i o nb ( i l [ ^ _ _ j g [ l ci h _ nn_ ] l _ [ m_ ( D
^ cm] o mm nb cm q cnb nb _ j [ nc_ h n( [ h ^ q _ ^ _ ] c^ _ ni a _ nb _ l c` q _ mb i o f^ ch ] fo ^ _ nb _ cl
cg j l i p_ g _ h n ch nb _ mo l a c] [ f j f[ h ã q b c] b g [ s nb _ h ch ] fo ^ _ [ ] b _ _ e fc`n ni
mg i i nb nb _ `i f^ ( [ \ o ] ] [ f fcj _ ] ni g s i l [ j fc] [ nci h i ` nb _ j [ l i nc^ )g [ mm_ n_ l c]
`[ m] c[ ni `f[ nn_ h nb _ j i o ] b ( [ h ^ `[ n ch d_ ] nci h m i l no h h _ f_ ^ NH < N mnl cj m ni `cff nb _
`o l l i q m*
Ob cm j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ [ h cmi f[ n_ ^ mo \ g _ h n[ f h _ ] e fc`n q b i m_ i \ d_ ] ncp_ q [ m i h fs ni
cg j l i p_ b _ l mb i l n j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m* Nb _ _ f_ ] n_ ^ ni ^ i h i nb ch a q cnb nb _ ] b _ _ e m(
[ h ^ [ m ] [ h \ _ m_ _ h ch nb _ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp_ [ h ^ j i mni j _ l [ ncp_ j b i ni m( nb _ f[ \ ci ì
g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l `i f^ l _ g [ ch _ ^ o h ] b [ h a _ ^ !I ZZW_ [ "& Ob _ j i ch n b _ l _ cm nb [ n nb _ j [ ì
nc_ h n g o mn o h ^ _ l mn[ h ^ nb [ n [ h cmi f[ n_ ^ h _ ] e fc`n( _ p_ h c` cn ] f_ [ h m o j nb _ d[ q ì
fch_ [ h ^ cg j l i p_ m i l _ fcg ch [ n_ m nb _ di q f( q cff ^ i h i nb ch a ni cg j l i p_ nb _
f[ \ ci g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l `i f^ *

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- 5 3
OC @ NP = H @I O< G UJ I @
Ob _ mo \ g _ h n[ f t i h _ ] i g j l cm_ m [ h [ l _ [ ` l i g do mn o h ^ _ l nb _ ] b ch
^ i q h ni nb _ b s i c^ [ h ^ ch ] fo ^ _ m nb _ b s i c^ [ h a f_ $i l g i l _ [ ] ] o ì
l [ n_ fs ( nb _ [ ] X ZI P a WQL I VOTM"& Ob cm mg [ ff n_ l l cni l s j l i \ [ \ fs l _ ì
] _ cp _ m nb _ g i mn [ nn_ h nci h ` l i g q i o f^ )\ _ j [ nc_ h nm [ h ^ nb _ cl j f[ mì
nc] mo l a _ i h m* D^ _ [ ffs ( nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f t i h _ l _ m_ g \ f_ m [ j _ l ` _ ] nfs
` f[ n [ W NNQ\ o h ^ _ l fs ch a [ ] [ h ncf_ p _ l _ ^ ] b ch ( q cnb nb cm b i l ct i h n[ f
j f[ h _ g _ _ nch a nb _ p_ l nc] [ f j f[ h _ i ` nb _ ` l i h n i ` nb _ h _ ] e [ fg i mn [ n
[ l ca b n [ h a f_ * R b _ h D_ r [ g ch _ nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f [ l _ [ ( Dfi i e ni m_ _
q b _ nb _ l nb _ l _ cm [ h o h ^ _ mcl [ \ f_ ] i h p _ r cns i l ] i h ] [ p cns j l _ m_ h n
b _ l _ ( [ h ^ D a [ o a _ nb _ [ h a f_ [ n nb _ b s i c^ *

*21

\ SQY ZW
Tb
D[ fmi fi i e `i l j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ mã nch s i h _ m do mn \ [ l _ fs pcmc\ f_ o h ^ _ l
nb _ ] b ch 7 mb i l n i h _ m nb [ n _ h ^ [ n nb _ b s i c^ [ h a f_ ã [ m ^ c^ nb _
\ [ h ^ m ch nb _ j [ nc_ h n [ \ i p_ 7 fi h a i h _ m nb [ n ] i h nch o _ ^ i q h chni
nb _ g c^ fch _ t i h _ 7 i l nb _ [ \ m_ h ] _ i ` \ [ h ^ m [ fni a _ nb _ l ã [ m q [ m nb _
] [ m_ ch nb _ j [ nc_ h n \ _ fi q ( ch q b i g nb _ j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m q _ l _ b c^ ì
^ _ h o h ^ _ l nb _ _ r ] _ mm mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m h _ ] e `[ n* C[ pch a nb _ j [ nc_ h n
j off nb _ ] i l h _ l m i ` nb _ g i o nb ^ i q h ni n_ h m_ nb _ j f[ ns mg [ mi g _ ì
ncg _ m b _ fj m ni mb i q nb _ fi ] [ nci h i ` nb _ g _ ^ c[ f i l j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h
g o m] f_ \ i l ^ _ l m* D [ fmi a _ h nfs j ch ] b [ h ^ j off nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f ncmì
mo _ m nl s ch a ni a f_ [ h nb _ cl ] i g j i mcnci h *

- n 8 VS ^ ObW
S\ b W
\ Q] \ ac ZbObW
] \
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Ob _ j i mni j _ l [ ncp_ j b i ni m i ` nb _ m_ nq i j [ nc_ h nm ^ _ g i h mnl [ n_ nb _ `f[ n mo \ g _ h ì
n[ f j f[ h _ [ h ^ ] l cmj b s i c^ [ h a f_ D [ cg ` i l ch g i mn j [ nc_ h nm* C i q _ p _ l ( nb _ i ] ] [ ì
mci h [ f j [ nc_ h n q cff fi i e \ _ nn_ l q cnb [ fcnnf_ g i l _ l i o h ^ h _ mm [ n nb _ [ h a f_ cnm_ f`(
[ h ^ c` mi ( D g i ^ c` s nb _ l _ g i p[ f i l l _ f_ [ m_ i ` mo j l [ j f[ ns mg [ f [ h ^ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f
ncmmo _ m [ ] ] i l ^ ch a fs *
Ob cm j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ [ j l i g ch _ h n ] b ch ( [ h ^ ni [ p i c^ _ r [ a a _ l [ nch a nb _ ] b ch #m j l i d_ ] ì
nci h ( Dj o l j i m_ fs f_ `n [ fcnnf_ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n [ h ^ \ i q )mnl o h a mo j l [ b s i c^ ` [ m] c[
ch j f[ ] _ ni g [ ch n[ ch mi g _ ] o l p [ no l _ [ n nb _ b s i c^ [ h a f_ *

!

\ SQY ZW
Tb
D` nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f j f[ h _ cm m_ _ h ni \ i q ] i h p _ r fs ^ i q h q [ l ^ ( nb _ ] [ o m_ g ca b n
\ _ [ h _ r ] _ mm i ` mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m `[ n( i l _ r ] _ mm mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f `[ n( i l \ o fa ch a [ h n_ ì
l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] m( i l l [ l _fs ( \ o fa ch a g s fi b s i c^ g o m] f_ m( i l $ch j [ nc_ h nm q b i b [ p_ b [ ^
[ j l _ pci o m j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns % [ j [ l nc[ f i l ] i g j f_ n_ ^ _ b cm] _ h ] _ i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ )
di ch ch a mo no l _ fch _ ã i l [ h s ] i g \ ch [ nci h i ` nb i m_ ` [ ] ni l m* Dn cm i `n_ h ^ c``c] o fn(
b i q _ p_ l ( ni ^ c``_ l _ h nc[ n_ i h _ ] [ o m_ i ` [ mo \ g _ h n[ f \ o fa _ ` l i g [ h i nb _ l do mn \ s
pcmo [ ffs [ mm_ mmch a nb _ ] i h ni o l * Ai l nb _ ` o h i ` cn( \ _ ` i l _ l _ [ ^ ch a nb _ ] [ j nci h m(
b [ p_ [ fi i e [ n _ [ ] b i ` nb _ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp_ j b i ni a l [ j b m i ` nb _ ` i ffi q ch a ` i o l j [ ì
nc_ h nm [ h ^ mj _ ] o f[ n_ i h q b [ n ncmmo _ i l ncmmo _ m s i o nb ch e q _ l _ j l cg [ l cfs l _ mj i h ì
mc\ f_ ` i l nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f \ o fa _ i l i \ fck o _ ] _ l pc] i g _ h n[ f [ h a f_ nb [ n q [ m j l _ m_ h n*
Ob cm g [ h #m mo \ g _ h n[ f ncmmo _ m `_fn mi g _ q b [ n `cl g ( [ h ^ D nb i o a b n nb [ n b _ q i o f^
b [ p_ _ r ] _ mm mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f `[ n* C_ ^ c^ h i n* < ff i ` nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f i \ fck o cns q [ m
] [ o m_ ^ \ s _ r ] _ mm mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m `[ n* I i mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f mo l a _ l s [ h ^ h i j f[ ns mì
g [ j f[ mns q _ l _ h _ _ ^ _ ^ *
Dnb i o a b n nb [ n g i mn i ` nb cm s i o h a g [ h #m mo \ g _ h n[ f ` o ffh _ mm q [ m ] [ o m_ ^ \ s [ h
_ r ] _ mm i ` mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m `[ n( \ o n cn no l h _ ^ i o n ni \ _ ] [ o m_ ^ [ fg i mn _ h ncl _ fs \ s
_ r ] _ mm mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f `[ n*

i- n bVS ^ ObW
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< fnb i o a b D _ r j _ ] n_ ^ ni ` ch ^ f[ l a _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m ch nb cm j [ nc_ h n( D^ c^
h i n* Ob cm mo \ g _ h n[ f ` o ffh _ mm q [ m ] [ o m_ ^ \ s [ fcnnf_ _ r ] _ mm mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m `[ n
[ h ^ [ fcnnf_ _ r ] _ mm mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f `[ n*
Ob cm g [ h #m mo \ g _ h n[ f ] i h p _ r cns q [ m ] [ o m_ ^ \ s [ ] i g \ ch [ nci h i ` _ r ] _ mm mo \ ì
] o n[ h _ i o m [ h ^ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n( \ i q )mnl o h a mo j l [ b s i c^ ` [ m] c[ ( [ h ^ f[ l a _ [ h ì
n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] m*

! !

\ SQY ZW
Tb
< h o g \ _ l i ` g [ h _ o p _ l m b [ p _ \ _ _ h mo a a _ mn_ ^ ni ^ c` ` _ l _ h nc[ n_ i h _ ncmmo _
` l i g [ h i nb _ l 6 Acl g h _ mm ni [ l o \ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ ` ch a _ l m ` [ pi l m _ r ] _ mm mo \ j f[ ns mì
g [ f `[ n l [ nb _ l nb [ h _ r ] _ mm mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m `[ n* C [ pch a nb _ j [ nc_ h n g [ r cg [ ffs
n_ h m_ nb _ j f[ ns mg [ g [ s m_ j [ l [ n_ mo j _ l `c] c[ f ` l i g ^ _ _ j `[ n( [ m ^ _ m] l c\ _ ^ \ s
I [ b [ c [ h ^ H [ l n_ h *. 5)/-
Gcnnf_ .4 i \ m_ l p_ ^ nb [ n c` nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f ncmmo _ nb [ n cm
j ch ] b _ ^ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ ` ch a _ l m g i p _ m o j [ h ^ ^ i q h q cnb mq [ ffi q ch a nb _ \ o fe i `
cn cm mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f `[ n* > i h h _ ff-.)-/ \ _ fc_ p_ m nb [ n c` nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f ncmmo _ m \ [ ffi i h
i o n q b _ h nb _ ] b ch cm no ] e _ ^ ^ i q h ( [ m c` l _ [ ^ ch a [ \ i i e j l i j j _ ^ i h nb _ f[ j (
f[ l a _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m [ l _ f[ l a _ fs l _ mj i h mc\ f_ ` i l nb _ \ o fa _ * R b cf_
nb i m_ i \ m_ l p[ nci h m g [ s \ _ mi g _ q b [ n b _ fj `o f( D b [ p_ ` i o h ^ nb [ n _ [ ] b i ` nb _ m_
g [ h _ o p_ l m ] [ h \ _ g cmf_ [ ^ ch a * D o mo [ ffs ^ i h #n e h i q _ r [ ] nfs q b [ n D#ff ` ch ^ o h ncf
D [ ] no [ ffs a _ n ni nb _ ncmmo _ m nb _ g m_ fp _ m [ n mo l a _ l s *
D` [ ] i h ] [ p _ mo \ g _ h n[ f t i h _ cm m_ _ h ch [ h o h i j ì
_ l [ n_ ^ h _ ] e ( nb cm ] [ pcns g [ s \ _ [ X[ M] L WP WTTW_
] [ o m_ ^ \ s j l i g ch _ h n j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m*
D` nb _ b i ffi q ^ cm[ j j _ [ l m q b _ h Dfca b nfs j o ff nb _ j [ l [ ì
g _ ^ c[ h me ch ni nb _ mc^ _ m( [ m cn ^ c^ ch nb cm j [ nc_ h n
q b i b [ m h i n b [ ^ [ h _ ] e fc`n( D e h i q nb [ n#m nb _ ] [ m_ (
[ h ^ [ ] i l m_ n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns q cff f_p_f nb _ `c_f^ *
< mo \ g _ h n[ f ^ _ j l _ mmci h ch [ h _ ] e nb [ n b [ m b [ ^
mo l a _ l s g [ s \ _ j l _ m_ h n \ _ ] [ o m_ i ` m_ p_ l [ f j i mmcì
\ f_ l _ [ mi h m6 nb _ o j j _ l g c^ fch _ j f[ ns mg [ j fc] [ nci h
b [ m ] i g _ [ j [ l n7 i l nb _ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m `[ n b [ m \ _ _ h
l _ g i p_ ^ WVTa ` l i g nb _ g c^ fch _ [ l _ [ q cnb i o n [ ^ _ ì
k o [ n_ fs n[ j _ l ch a nb _ `[ n _ r ] cmci h i ` ` ni nb _ mc^ _ m7
i l mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f `[ n q [ m l _ g i p_ ^ q cnb i o n nb _ h ^ i ì
ch a [ j l i j _ l l _ ] i h mnl o ] ncp_ j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns ni `cff [ h ^
\ l c^ a _ nb _ _ r ] [ p[ n_ ^ g c^ fch _ * Ob cm j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ [
h _ ] e fc`n ^ i h _ _ fm_ q b _ l _ * No \ g _ h n[ f mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m
[ h ^ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f `[ n q [ m l _ g i p_ ^ ( q cnb _ cnb _ l h i
[ j j l i r cg [ nci h i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ _ ^ a _ m $q b c] b j i mì
mc\ fs q _ l _ l _ m_ ] n_ ^ %( i l [ ^ _ b cm] _ h ] _ i ` nb _ [ j j l i r ì
cg [ nci h i ] ] o l l _ ^ ( f_ [ pch a nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f b i ffi q *

- $ bVS ^ ObW
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] \

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? _ n_ l g ch ch a nb _ j i mcnci h i ` nb _ b s i c^ \ i h _ ^ o l ch a
nb _ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp_ _ r [ g ch [ nci h
cm mi g _ nb ch a nb [ n
g [ h s mo l a _ i h )[ o nb i l m b [ p_ ^ _ m] l c\ _ ^ [ m cg j i l ì
n[ h n ` i l _ p[ fo [ nch a [ j [ nc_ h n ` i l h _ ] e fc`n mo l a _ l s * D
^ i h #n [ a l _ _ * Acl mn( ch [ ` [ nns i l ` cl g h _ ] e cn cm o mo [ ffs
^ c` ` c] o fn ni `_ _ f nb _ b s i c^ nb l i o a b nb _ \ o fe i ` mo \ ì
] o n[ h _ i o m [ h ^ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ ncmmo _ m7 [ h ^ m_ ] i h ^ (
e h i q ch a nb _ fi ] [ nci h i ` nb _ b s i c^ ^ i _ mh #n l _ [ ffs ch ì
` fo _ h ] _ nb _ ] i h ^ o ] n i ` mo l a _ l s ` i l g _ * @p_ h q cnb [
fi q _ l nb [ h h i l g [ f b s i c^ ( D ] [ h [ fg i mn [ fq [ s m i \ ì
n[ ch [ q _ ff)^ _ ` ch _ ^ mo j l [ b s i c^ [ h a f_ [ h ^ [ a i i ^
fi i e ch a h _ ] e ] i h ni o l o mch a nb _ ] i g \ ch [ nci h i ` mo \ ì
j f[ ns mg [ f j l i ] _ ^ o l _ m cffo mnl [ n_ ^ ch > b [ j n_ l 4 * Ob _
`cl mn j [ nc_ h n !I J W^ M" b [ ^ [ h [ \ h i l g [ ffs fi q b s i c^ (
q b cf_ ch nb _ m_ ] i h ^ j [ nc_ h n !J MTW_ " nb _ b s i c^ q [ m
ch h i l g [ f j i mcnci h * D ] i o f^ h #n n_ff q b _ l _ _ cnb _ l q [ m
mcno [ n_ ^ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp_ fs *
D` nb _ ] _ l p c] i g _ h n[ f [ h a f_ cm i \ no m_ [ h ^ nb _ g c^ fch _ ` _ _ fm l o \ \ _ l s )b [ l ^ ( [ m
c` nb _ g o m] f_ m i ` nb _ ` fi i l i ` nb _ g i o nb q _ l _ mnl _ n] b _ ^ ` l i g nb _ ] b ch ni nb _
b s i c^ \ i h _ ( [ m nb _ s ^ c^ ch nb cm j [ nc_ h n( D] [ ff nb [ n ] i h ^ cnci h nb _ NQZU WJ TQY] M
VMKS & Ob cm cm o mo [ ffs [ mmi ] c[ n_ ^ q cnb [ b s i c^ nb [ n cm ch [ h i l g [ f j i mcnci h $[ m cn
q [ m ch nb cm j [ nc_ h n%( _ p _ h nb i o a b nb cm ] i h ^ cnci h cm i ` n_ h ch [ ] ] o l [ n_ fs ] [ ff_ ^ nb _
TW _ P a WQL VMKS & J h i ] ] [ mci h ( b i q _ p _ l ( nb _ b s i c^ g [ s \ _ ` i o h ^ ni \ _ [ \ h i l ì
g [ ffs fi q ( \ o n cn g [ s [ fmi \ _ ` i o h ^ ni \ _ [ \ h i l g [ ffs b ca b ã [ m cn q [ m ch nb cm j [ ì
nc_ h n* Dh nb _ j i mni j _ l [ ncp _ j b i ni ( [ p _ l s mb i l n ^ cmn[ h ] _ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ ] _ j b [ fc]
\ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ [ h ^ nb _ mo j l [ b s i c^ [ h a f_ ] [ h \ _ m_ _ h * I i ] b ch
cg j f[ h n q [ m ch m_ l n_ ^ ch nb cm j [ nc_ h n* No l a c] [ f ] i l l _ ] nci h i ` nb _ ` cl g i \ fck o _
h _ ] e cm [ fmi j l _ m_ h n_ ^ ch > b [ j n_ l 4 *

. , 0

\ SQY ZW
TS
Db [ p_ \ _ _ h [ me _ ^ q b s D^ i h #n o m_ [ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp _ > O m] [ h i ` nb _
h _ ] e ni ^ c` ` _ l _ h nc[ n_ \ _ nq _ _ h _ r ] _ mm mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m ` [ n [ h ^
_ r ] _ mm mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n( i l ni _ p [ fo [ n_ nb _ j i mcnci h i ` nb _
mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ncmmo _ m [ h ^ b s i c^ \ i h _ */1 Ai l _ r [ g j f_ ( c` nb _ m] [ h
mb i q _ ^ p _ l s fcnnf_ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ncmmo _ ( nb _ h D ] i o f^ j _ l ` i l g [
f_ mm ch p[ mcp_ ] fi m_ ^ mo ] nci h fcj _ ] ni g s ( ch mn_ [ ^ i ` i j _ h ch a nb _
h _ ] e nb l i o a b [ mo \ g _ h n[ f ch ] cmci h * R _ ff( [ mc^ _ ` l i g nb _ ] i mn [ h ^
ch ] i h p _ h c_ h ] _ ni nb _ j [ nc_ h n( D^ i h #n o m_ [ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp _ m] [ h \ _ ì
] [ o m_ nb _ i j ncg ct [ nci h i ` h _ ] e ] i h ni o l ` l _ k o _ h nfs ^ _ j _ h ^ m i h
NQVM[ [ M g [ h _ o p _ l mã nb _ l _ g i p [ f i ` i h fs [ fcnnf_ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f `[ n7
[ g ch i l l _ f_ [ m_ i ` \ l c^ a ch a j _ l cb s i c^ ` [ m] c[ 7 [ \ cn i ` ` f[ nn_ h ch a i `
nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] m7 [ mg [ ff l _ m_ ] nci h i ` [ h i l g [ f mct _ ^ \ o n
g [ fj i mcnci h _ ^ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp[ l s a f[ h ^ 7 i l [ ] i g \ ch [ nci h i `
nb _ m_ mg [ ff \ o n cg j i l n[ h n ncmmo _ g i ^ c` c] [ nci h m* D#g ch ] fch _ ^ ni
nb ch e nb [ n j l _ ^ c] nch a nb _ _ ` ` _ ] n i ` nb _ m_ g [ h _ o p _ l m q i o f^ \ _ ^ c` ì
` c] o fn o mch a [ nq i )^ cg _ h mci h [ f m] [ h * I i h _ nb _ f_ mm( Dmo mj _ ] n nb _
^ [ s q cff ] i g _ q b _ h q _ #ff [ ff \ _ l i o nch _ fs o mch a [ ] i h p _ h c_ h n ] i mn)
_ ` ` _ ] ncp_ nb l _ _ )^ cg _ h mci h [ f m] [ h ni a o c^ _ nb _ ] b i c] _ i ` i j _ l [ ncp_
j l i ] _ ^ o l _ m* Ai l h i q ( b i q _ p _ l ( D `_ _ f nb [ n D] [ h \ _ mn ] i h nl i f nb _
[ h [ ni g s \ s [ mm_ mmch a cn [ m Dm_ _ cn [ n mo l a _ l s *
OC@ H D? GDI @ NOMDK
Ob _ fi h a p_ l nc] [ f mnl cj [ n nb _ ] _ h n_ l i ` nb _
h _ ] e i ` n_ h b [ m [ a _ h nf_ mc^ _ )ni )mc^ _ l i ff nb [ n
l _ m_ g \ f_ m [ fi q \ _ l g * Ob cm mo \ o h cn [ \ o nm nb _
mo \ g _ h n[ f mo \ o h cn [ n nb _ b s i c^ [ h a f_ [ h ^ _ r ì
n_ h ^ m ^ i q h ni nb _ mo j l [ mn_ l h [ f h i n] b [ h ^
g _ ^ c[ f ] f[ pc] f_ m* < h i \ fck o _ j l i ` cf_ fch _ [ fi h a
nb _ ` l i h n i ` nb _ h _ ] e g [ s \ _ ] [ o m_ ^ \ s m[ a ì
a ch a i l \ i q )mnl o h a j f[ ns mg [ )me ch \ [ h ^ m( i l
_ r ] _ mm mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m i l mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n `cffì
ch a nb _ g c^ fch _ * N i g _ mo l a _ i h m [ l _ l _ fo ] ì
n[ h n ni l _ g i p _ ` [ n ` l i g nb _ g c^ fch _ t i h _
` i l ` _ [ l i ` ] l _ [ nch a [ g c^ fch _ nl i o a b i l _ r j i mì
ch a nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ ( \ o n [ ] i l m_ n j f[ ns mì
g [ j f[ mns q cff \ l c^ a _ nb _ g c^ fch _ q cnb g o mì
] f_ ( nb _ l _ \ s i \ p c[ nch a nb i m_ ] i h ] _ l h m*

! n 8 VS ^ObW
S\ 8 W
\ Q] \ a c ZbObW
] \
< mfca b n j l i d_ ] nci h ` l i g nb _ j l i g ch _ h ] _ i ` nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ ] [ h \ _ [ h
[ _ mnb _ nc] [ ffs j f_ [ mch a ] b [ l [ ] n_ l cmnc] (-1 \ o n c` nb _ < ^ [ g #m [ j j f_ fi i e m i l ` _ _ fm o h ì
o mo [ ffs j l i g ch _ h n \ _ ` i l _ mo l a _ l s ( cn g [ s [ j j _ [ l _ p _ h g i l _ j l i h i o h ] _ ^ [ ` n_ l [
] _ h nl [ f mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m fcj _ ] ni g s i l ] i l l _ ] nci h i ` [ h i \ fck o _ g _ h ni b s i c^ [ h a f_ *
Ob _ l _ ` i l _ ( c` D ^ _ n_ ] n [ \ ca < ^ [ g #m [ j j f_ i h _ r [ g ch [ nci h ch [ j [ nc_ h n q cnb [ `off
i l i \ no m_ h _ ] e ( D^ cm] o mm nb _ cg j fc] [ nci h m i ` g c^ fch _ fcj _ ] ni g s [ h ^ mo j l [ ì
b s i c^ [ h a f_ ^ _ _ j _ h ch a q cnb nb _ j [ nc_ h n* P mo [ ffs ( nb _ j [ nc_ h n [ h ^ D [ a l _ _ nb [ n
nb _ i p_ l [ ff [ _ mnb _ nc] \ _ h _ ` cn i ` [ mfcg g _ l h _ ] e i o nq _ ca b m nb _ j i mmc\ cfcns i ` [
mfca b nfs g i l _ j l i g ch _ h n < ^ [ g #m [ j j f_ ( j [ l nc] o f[ l fs mch ] _ ] i p _ l ch a nb _ nb s l i c^
] [ l ncf[ a _ q cnb [ nq i ) i l nb l _ _ )f[ s _ l \ f[ h e _ n i ` j f[ ns mg [ $[ l i o nch _ j [ l n i ` nb _
] i l m_ n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns % q cff h c] _ fs mi ` n_ h nb _ ] i h ni o l m i ` _ p _ h [ p _ l s j l i g ch _ h n
f[ l s h a _ [ f ] [ l ncf[ a _ * < fnb i o a b Dj _ l mi h [ ffs b [ p_ h i n ^ i h _ cn( R i f` i l n _ n [ f01 [ h ^
M[ g cl _ t [ h ^ Mi \ _ l nmi h /0 b [ p_ ^ _ m] l c\ _ ^ [ n_ ] b h ck o _ i ` l _ ^ o ] nci h ] b i h ^ l i )
f[ l s h a i j f[ mns *
Ob cm g [ f_ j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ [ NQZU WJ TQY] M
VMKS [ mmi ] c[ n_ ^ q cnb [ b ca b $h i n [
fi q % b s i c^ \ i h _ [ h ^ [ b ca b $h i n [ fi q %
nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ nb [ n f_ `n p _ l s fcnnf_
mj [ ] _ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ ] b ch [ h ^ nb _ b s ì
i c^ * C _ [ fmi b [ ^ [ p _ l s j l i g ch _ h n
< ^ [ g #m
[ j j f_ *
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i `
nb _
` cl g i \ fck o _ h _ ] e g [ ^ _ nb _ nb s l i c^
] [ l ncf[ a _ [ j j _ [ l ni j l i d_ ] n _ p _ h
g i l _ (
q b c] b q _ [ h nc] cj [ n_ ^ (
[ h ^
q b c] b nb _ j [ nc_ h n ^ c^ h i n ` ch ^ i \ d_ ] ì
nci h [ \ f_ * D ^ c^ [ ^ ^ [ ] b ch cg j f[ h n ch
nb cm j [ nc_ h n*
R b cf_ D#g _ r [ g ch ch a nb _ g c^ fch _ t i h _ ( D [ fmi fi i e ` i l [ h ^ `_ _ f ` i l nb _ nb s l i c^
a f[ h ^ * J p _ l nb _ s _ [ l m* D#p_ j c] e _ ^ o j [ h _ h f[ l a _ ^ nb s l i c^ ch m_ p_ l [ f j [ nc_ h nm nb [ n
h _ cnb _ l nb _ j [ nc_ h n h i l nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m j b s mc] c[ h b [ ^ j l _ p ci o mfs ^ _ n_ ] n_ ^ * D` D ^ i
` ch ^ [ ^ c` ` o m_ fs _ h f[ l a _ ^ nb s l i c^ a f[ h ^ i l [ ^ cm] l _ n_ nb s l i c^ h i ^ o f_ ( D a _ n nb [ n
mi l n_ ^ i o n \ _ ` i l _ ^ i ch a [ h s ] i mg _ nc] mo l a _ l s *
Ni g _ j [ nc_ h nm( j [ l nc] o f[ l fs ` [ nns )h _ ] e _ ^ j [ nc_ h nm( g [ s [ fmi b [ p_
[ g i l _ i l f_ mm ^ cm] l _ n_ nl [ h mp _ l m_ l i ff i ` _ r ] _ mm mo \ ] o n[ ì
h _ i o m ` [ n do mn [ \ i p _ nb _ mo j l [ mn_ l h [ f h i n] b [ h ^ g _ ^ c[ f
] f[ p c] f_ m l _ m_ g \ fch a [ fi q h _ ] e f[ ] _ * J ` n_ h nb _ l i ff cm g i l _ ^ cmì
nch ] n( mg [ ff_ l ( [ h ^ fi q _ l nb [ h nb _ l i ff m_ _ h b _ l _ * D` cn#m j l _ m_ h n(
b i q _ p _ l ( [ h ^ mb i o f^ D`[ cf ni _ fcg ch [ n_ cn( i l c` cn#m nb _ l _ ( [ h ^ D
^ i h #n m_ _ cn( D#p_ ch pcn_ ^ ^ cmm[ ncm` [ ] nci h *

. , 2

\ SQY ZW
Tb
OC@ H D? I @>F GJ R G< I ?
Ob _ g c^ h _ ] e [ _ mnb _ nc] mo \ o h cn cm ni j i a l [ j b c] [ ffs nb _ TW_ TI VL i `
nb _ h _ ] e \ _ ] [ o m_ cn fc_m ch nb _ mb [ ffi q p[ ff_ s \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ g c^ fch _
\ _ l g [ h ^ nb _ f[ n_l [ f \ o nn_ i ` nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ * Ob cm fi h a
[ fg i mn nl c[ h a o f[ l [ l _ [ b [ m cnm [ j _ r j i ch nch a ^ i q h q [ l ^ [ h ^ cnm
\ [ m_ [ fi h a nb _ ` i i n i ` nb _ d[ q fch _ l c^ a _ *
< ` n_ l [ h _ ] e fc`n( c` h i n \ _ ` i l _ ( D fce _ ni m_ _ [ fcnnf_ i ` nb _ [ h n_ l ci l
\ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ * D` nb _ g o m] f_ #m _ ^ a _ cm h i n
pcmc\ f_ \ _ ` i l _ mo l a _ l s cn g _ [ h m nb [ n [ fcj _ ] ni g s cm h _ _ ^ _ ^ ni
o h ] i p _ l cn* Eo mn \ _ fi q nb _ d[ q fch _ ( [ h ^ do mn f[ n_l [ f ni nb _ mo \ ì
g _ h n[ f t i h _ ( [ h ^ do mn g _ ^ c[ f ni nb _ [ h a f_ i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ ( [ h ^
j _ l b [ j m ^ i q h [ m ` [ l [ m nb _ ] _ l pc] i g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l [ h a f_ ( D fi i e ` i l
[ h ^ ] [ l _ ` o ffs ` _ _ f ` i l nb _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp [ l s a f[ h ^ * D` nb _
h _ ] e cm ] b o h e s ( nb _ j [ nc_ h n [ h ^ Dg [ s h i n m_ _ nb _ a f[ h ^ ( mi D[ fì
q [ s m _ r j fi l _ q cnb g s ` ch a _ l m* < b [ l ^ i l `cr _ ^ o h cf[ n_ l [ f g [ mm( i `
] i o l m_ ( ] i o f^ \ _ h _ i j f[ mnc] ( [ h ^ mb i o f^ \ _ ^ _ [ fn q cnb [ j j l i j l cì
[ n_fs * Ai l no h [ n_ fs ( D b [ p_ h _ p_ l _ h ] i o h n_ l _ ^ nb [ n* Al _ k o _ h nfs ( i h _
i l \ i nb i ` nb _ a f[ h ^ m `_ _ fm mg i i nb [ h ^ ` cl g [ h ^ do mn m_ _ g m ni \ _
_ h f[ l a _ ^ * Ni g _ ncg _ m nb _ m_ h i l g [ f a f[ h ^ m [ l _ h i n p _ l s g i \ cf_
\ o n [ l _ mno ] e g _ ^ c[ ffs [ h ^ ch `_ l ci l fs ni nb _ ch `_ l i f[ n_ l [ f _ ^ a _ i `
nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ ( q b [ n D ] [ ff U I TXW[ Q\ QWVML OTI VL[ &

! n bVS ^ ObW
S\ b W
\ Q] \ ac ZbObW
] \

. , 3
@h f[ l a _ ^ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp[ l s a f[ h ^ m [ l _ p _ l s ] i g g i h * Ob _ \ o fa _ m g [ s \ _
g i l _ i l f_ mm h i nc] _ [ \ f_ \ o n nb _ s i ` n_ h ] [ h \ _ ` i o h ^ c` fi i e _ ^ `i l * < ff _ ca b n i `
nb _ j [ nc_ h nm m_ _ h b _ l _ b [ ^ [ ^ cm] _ l h c\ f_ N H N B \ o fa _ pcmc\ f_ i h j l _ i j _ l [ ncp_
_ r [ g ch [ nci h *

. , 4

\ SQY ZW
Tb
Ni g _ ncg _ m [ h _ h f[ l a _ ^ i l g [ fj i mcnci h _ ^ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcì
p [ l s a f[ h ^ cm ] i g j f_ n_ fs b c^ ^ _ h \ s nb _ _ r ] _ mm mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m
` [ nã [ m q [ m nb _ a f[ h ^ ch nb cm j [ nc_ h n* K[ fj [ nci h o mo [ ffs q cff l _p_[ f
cn* = o n mi g _ b i q D ^ c^ h i n g [ e _ nb _ ^ c[ a h i mcm j l _ i j _ l [ ncp_ fs [ h ^
nl _ [ n nb _ b c^ ^ _ h \ o fa _ [ j j l i j l c[ n_ fs ( \ _ ] [ o m_ cn ] [ h \ _ m_ _ h _ [ mcfs
ch nb _ j i mni j _ l [ ncp_ j c] no l _ *
Ob _ ^ cmnch ] nci h \ _ nq _ _ h [ di q f [ h ^ [ a f[ h ^ ] [ h o mo [ ffs \ _ g [ ^ _
l[ nb _ l _ [ mcfs \ s `_ _ fch a ( c` h i n \ s m_ _ ch a ( nq i ^ cmnch ] n \ o fa _ mã
[ m q [ m nb _ ] [ m_ b_ l _ * C i q _ p_ l ( Di j _ l [ n_ ^ i h nb cm j [ nc_ h n g [ h s
s _ [ l m [ a i ( \ _ `i l _ Dni i e nb _ j l i [ ] ncp_ [ j j l i [ ] b ni nb _ NH NB
\ o fa _ nb [ n D ^ i h i q ( mi nb _ h _ a f_ ] n_ ^ NH NB ] [ h \ _ m_ _ h mncff `cffì
cha nb _ ni j i ` nb _ g c^ )h _ ] e mo \ o h cn ch nb _ . )s _ [ l j i mni j _ l [ ncp_
j b i ni *

- n bVS ^ ObW
S\ b W
\ Q] \ a c ZbObW
] \

. , 5
J ] ] [ mci h [ ffs ( D_ r [ g ch _ [ h _ ] e nb [ n [ n ` cl mn a f[ h ] _ m_ _ g m ni b [ p_
[ h _ h f[ l a _ ^ N H N B ( \ o n i h ] fi m_ l ch mj _ ] nci h D` ch ^ nb [ n nb _ \ o fa _
cm [ ] no [ ffs ] [ o m_ ^ \ s [ \ ca di q f q b i m_ mct _ [ h ^ mb [ j _ mo a a _ mnm
[ \ ca a f[ h ^ [ m q [ m nb _ ] [ m_ ch nb cm j [ nc_ h n* D] [ ff nb cm X[ M] L W i
M V TI ZOM U M V \ i ` nb _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp [ l s a f[ h ^ * < mo \ ] o n[ ì
h _ i o m fcj _ ] ni g s q [ m ^ i h _ ni _ fcg ch [ n_ nb _ di q f)] o g )a f[ h ^ ( \ o n
h i nl _ [ ng _ h n [ n [ ff q [ m h _ _ ^ _ ^ ` i l nb _ a f[ h ^ cnm_ f`*
J h ] _ ch [ q b cf_ [ n nb _ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp_ _ r [ g ch [ nci h Dq cff m_ _ i l `__f
q b [ n D nb ch e cm [ f[ l a _ a f[ h ^ l _ k o cl ch a [ j [ l nc[ f l _ m_ ] nci h ^ o l ch a
nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m h _ ] e fc`n( i h fs ni ` ch ^ [ n mo l a _ l s nb [ n i h ] _ nb _ d[ q fch _
[ l _ [ me ch `f[ j b [ ^ \ _ _ h fc`n_ ^ q cnb nb _ M[ [ MV\ QI T XI L L QVO i ` `[ n
f_ `n [ nn[ ] b _ ^ ni cn( [ h ^ i h ] _ nb _ ` c\ l i o m ` [ n f_`n [ nn[ ] b _ ^ ni nb _
j f[ ns mg [ i p_ l fs ch a nb _ a f[ h ^ b [ ^ \ _ _ h l _ g i p _ ^ ( [ a f[ h ^ \ o fa _
q [ m h i fi h a _ l j l _ m_ h n* Ob _ ni o a b ` [ n i h ni j i ` nb _ a f[ h ^ b [ ^
] [ o m_ ^ nb _ \ o fa _ ( h i n nb _ a f[ h ^ * Ob cm cm i h _ l _ [ mi h q b s D^ i h #n
fce _ nb _ n[ ] nc] i ` f_ [ pch a _ r ] _ mm mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m ` [ n [ l i o h ^ q b [ n
m_ _ g m fce _ [ f[ l a _ N H N B ni ] [ g i o ` f[ a _ cn* Ni g _ ncg _ m cn#m nb _ `[ n
[ h ^ h i n nb _ a f[ h ^ nb [ n h _ _ ^ m l _ m_ ] nci h ( [ h ^ nb _ mo l a _ i h q i o f^ h #n
e h i q nb [ n o h ncf nb _ _ r ] _ mm ` [ n b [ ^ \ _ _ h _ r ] cm_ ^ * R b [ n#m g i l _ (
_ r ] cmch a nb _ _ r ] _ mm ` [ n i p _ l fs ch a [ a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ g [ s q _ ff g [ e _
q b [ n_ p _ l a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ l _ g [ ch _ ^ [ j j _ [ l ni \ _ mg [ ff_ l [ h ^ f_ mm h i ì
nc] _ [ \ f_ ( l [ nb _ l nb [ h g i l _ h i nc] _ [ \ f_ *

!

\ SQY ZW
Tb
Ob _ ^ cmnch ] nci h \ _ nq _ _ h [ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcì
p [ l s a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ [ h ^ nb _ \ o fa _ i ` [ f[ l a _ [ h n_ l ci l
^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ cm [ fmi mi g _ nb ch a nb [ n cm o mo [ ffs
_[ mcfs ^ _ n_ l g ch _ ^ ( \ o n( h i h _ nb _ f_ mm( `l _ k o _ h nfs ] i h ì
`o m_ ^ * Ob _ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp_ j b i ni i ` nb cm j [ nc_ h n ] f_ [ l fs
mb i q m \ i nb f[ l a _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m [ h ^
f[ l a _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp[ l s a f[ h ^ m j l _ m_ h n*
Ob _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] m [ l _ [ fq [ s m do mn i `` nb _ g c^ ì
fch_ [ h ^ do mn o h ^ _ l nb _ ] b ch * D` nb _ l _ cm [ g c^ fch _ a [ j
\ _ nq _ _ h nb _ nq i g o m] f_ m cn#m h _ p_ l p_ l s q c^ _ * Ob _
\ o fa _ i ` [ h NH NB ( i h nb _ i nb _ l b [ h ^ ( cm h _ p_ l l ca bn
o h ^ _ l nb _ ] b ch ( [ h ^ [ fq [ s m i `` ni nb _ mc^ _ i ` nb _
j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h [ l _[ * Ob cm j [ nc_ h n b [ m [ mo \ g _ h n[ f g c^ ì
fch_ b i ffi q ` i ffi q ch a [ h _ ] e fc`n ^ i h _ _ fm_ q b _ l _ *
Ob _ j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h \ o fa _ $ch ^ c] [ n_ ^ \ s nb _ [ l l i q % cm
h i n [ f[ l a _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] ( \ o n [ f[ l a _ NH NB *
D` [ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp[ l s a f[ h ^ [ j j _ [ l m f[ l a _ i l g [ fj i mcnci h _ ^ ( cn mb i o f^
\ _ j i ch n_ ^ i o n ni nb _ j [ nc_ h n ch [ g cl l i l * D` [ f[ l a _ a f[ h ^ ] [ h \ _ ` _ fn( nb _
j [ nc_ h n mb i o f^ \ _ g [ ^ _ ni ` _ _ f cn* H [ h s j [ nc_ h nm q cnb [ h NH NB \ o fa _ ( m_ _ h
i l `_fn( [ l _ _ h ncl _ fs o h [ q [ l _ i ` cnm j l _ m_ h ] _ i l b [ p_ ca h i l _ ^ cn* < ` n_ l mo l a _ l s (
b i q _ p_ l ( c` nb _ m_ j [ nc_ h nm ^ _ n_ ] n [ \ o fa _ ( [ h ^ _ mj _ ] c[ ffs c` nb _ \ o fa _ q [ m VW\
j i ch n_ ^ i o n \ _ ` i l _ b [ h ^ ( nb _ s g [ s ` i ] o m i h cn [ h ^ \ _ ] i g _ k o cn_ \ i nb _ l _ ^ \ s cn(
_ p_ h c` nb _ \ o fa _ q [ m g [ ^ _ mg [ ff_ l \ s mo l a _ l s * De h i q nb [ n mi g _ ( c` h i n g [ h s (
j f[ mnc] mo l a _ i h m q i h #n [ a l _ _ q cnb nb cm l _ ] i g g _ h ^ [ nci h ( `_ _ fch a nb [ n ] [ ffch a [ nì
n_ h nci h ni [ \ o fa _ nb [ n nb _ j [ nc_ h n m_ _ g ch a fs ] [ l _ ^ fcnnf_ [ \ i o n q cff i h fs g [ e _
nb _ g j [ s [ nn_ h nci h ni cn o h h _ ] _ mm[ l cfs * Ob [ n g [ s \ _( \ o n g s _ r j _ l c_ h ] _ b [ m
\ _ _ h nb [ n c` nb _ j [ nc_ h n e h i q m [ b _ [ ^ i ` ncg _ nb [ n nb _ mo l a _ i h q cff ^ i q b [ n b_
i l mb _ ] [ h ] i g ` i l n[ \ fs ^ i ni cg j l i p_ nb _ \ o fa _ ( nb _ h q b [ n_ p_ l \ o fa _ g [ s \ _
j l _ m_ h n [ `n_ l mo l a _ l s q cff \ _ g o ] b \ _ nn_ l ni f_ l [ n_ ^ ( \ _ ] [ o m_ nb _ j [ nc_ h n e h i q m
nb [ n cn q [ m h i n i p_ l fi i e _ ^ * $Ol _ [ ng _ h n i ` nb _ NH NB \ o fa _ cm ^ cm] o mm_ ^ ch ^ _n[ cf
ch > b [ j n_ l 5 *%

5-
n bVS ^ ObW
S \ b W
\ Q] \ a c ZbObW
] \

. - -
OC @ G< O@M< G I @> F C DB C G< I ?
O b _ nl [ j _ t i c^ [ f f[ n_ l [ f h _ ] e mo \ o h cn( ni j i a l [ j b c] [ ffs [ b ca b f[ h ^
\ o nn_ ( l cm_ m i p _ l nb _ b o g j i ` nb _ m n_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ [ h ^
mnl _ n] b _ m i o nq [ l ^ ni nb _ f[ n_ l [ f \ i o h ^ [ l s i ` nb _ h _ ] e *

! !

\ SQY ZW
Tb
Dn cm j [ l nc] o f[ l fs cg j i l n[ h n ni c^ _ h nc`s j l _ i j _ l [ ncp_ fs f[ n_ l [ f h _ ] e me ch ] l _ [ m_ m
[ h ^ f[ n_ l [ f h _ ] e me ch ` i f^ m( fce _ nb i m_ m_ _ h ch nb _ m_ mcr j [ nc_ h nm( \ _ ] [ o m_ nb _ s
] [ h \ _ ch [ ^ p_ l n_ h nfs fc`n_^ mo l a c] [ ffs ( i l l i n[ n_ ^ p_ l nc] [ ffs ( f_ [ pch a [ l o ``f_ ^
j [ n] b i ` me ch \ _ b ch ^ nb _ _ [ l nb [ n b [ h a m fce_ [ h i j _ h mb i q _ l ] o l n[ ch * $Ob cm o h ì
^ _ mcl [ \ f_ nl [ h mj i mcnci h i ` h _ ] e ` i f^ m cm j c] no l _ ^ ch > b [ j n_ l - ( j * / 1 *% Oi j l _ p_ h n
nb cm ` l i g b [ j j _ h ch a ( j [ nc_ h nm q cnb j l i g ch _ h n f[ n_l[ f h _ ] e ] l _ [ m_ m [ h ^ `i f^ m
mb i o f^ \ _ ] i h mc^ _ l _ ^ ] [ h ^ c^ [ n_ m ` i l [ h i ] ] cj cn[ f b [ cl )_ ^ a _ ch ] cmci h ( nb [ n j _ l ì
g cnm [ mnl [ ca b n j o ff)\ [ ] e i ` nb _ h _ ] e `f[ j j [ l[ ff_f ni nb _ d[ q fch _ ( [ fi h a q cnb nb _
l _ g i p[ f i ` mi g _ f[ n_l [ f h _ ] e me ch *

n-
n bVS ^ ObW
S\ b W
\ Q] \ a c ZbObW
] \

. - /
OC@ H P N>P GJ H < I ? D= P G< M OMD< I BG@
Ob _ mg [ ff nl c[ h a o f[ l mo \ o h cn( ] [ ff_ ^ nb _ [ \ MZVWU I VL QJ ] TI Z \ ZW] OP
\ s = _ l h [ l ^ (3 b [ m cnm [ j _ r [ n nb _ \ [ m_ i ` nb _ _ [ l [ h ^ mc^ _ m [ fi h a
nb _ f[ n_ l [ f d[ q fch _ [ h ^ nb _ o j j _ l g _ ^ c[ f _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mì
ni c^ g o m] f_ * No l a c] [ f m] [ l m h i n no ] e _ ^ nca b nfs ch ni nb _ ] l _ [ m_
[ l i o h ^ nb _ \ [ m_ i ` nb _ _ [ l fi \ _ [ h ^ ^ cmni l nci h m i ` nb _ _ [ l fi \ _ cnì
m_ f` [ l _ l _ [ ^ cfs p cmc\ f_ b _ l _ * D` nb _ j [ nc_ h n b [ m b [ ^ j l ci l mo l a _ l s (
D fi i e ` i l nb _ m_ nl [ ] e m [ h ^ ] i h mc^ _ l b i q nb _ s g ca b n \ _ o m_ ^ i l
cg j l i p _ ^ *
Al _ k o _ h nfs ( nb _ g o m] o fi g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l t i h _ ] i h n[ ch m _ r ] _ mm mo \ ] o ì
n[ h _ i o m `[ n( i ` n_ h [ j [ l nc] o f[ l fs a l cnns ` [ n( nb [ n `cffm nb _ fcnnf_
nl i o a b ( i \ m] o l ch a nb _ b ca b fca b nm [ h ^ mb [ ^ i q m nb [ n q _ fce _ ni m_ _
b _ l _ * R cnb ch nb _ `[ n ] [ h \ _ ` i o h ^ nb _ ^ _ l g i ` [ m] c[ f [ h ] b i l ch a
` c\ _ l m i ` nb _ X TI \ a [ U I %I ] ZQK] TI Z TQOI U MV\ $ [ fi h a q cnb n_ l g ch [ f
\ l [ h ] b _ m i ` nb _ O ZM I \ I ] ZQK] TI Z VMZ^ M& Oi [ ^ ^ ^ _ j nb ni nb _ nl cì
[ h a o f[ l t i h _ ( mi g _ i ` nb cm ` [ n b [ m ni \ _ l _ g i p _ ^ * = o n nb cm `[ n
cm o mo [ ffs \ W] OP NI \ nb [ n ^ i _ mh #n f_ n a i _ [ mcfs * Gcj i mo ] nci h b _ l _
cm o mo [ ffs o h l _ q [ l ^ ch a * A[ n _ r ] cmci h o h ^ _ l ^ cl _ ] n p cmci h cm a _ h _ l ì
[ ffs \ _ mn( [ h ^ Di ` n_ h j _ l ` i l g nb _ _ r ] cmci h o mch a _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s (
\ _ ] [ o m_ m] cmmi l m g [ s ] [ o m_ mca h c` c] [ h n \ f_ _ ^ ch a q b _ h nb _ _ j cì
h _ j b l ch _ ch nb _ fi ] [ f [ h _ mnb _ nc] b [ m q i l h i ``*

. - 0

h _ ] e fc`n
Ob cm j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ _ r ] _ mm ni o a b `[ n _ r ] cm_ ^ `l i g nb _ g o m] o fi g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l nl c[ h ì
a f_( q b c] b j l i ^ o ] _ ^ [ h c] _ fs mb [ ^ i q _ ^ ] i h ni o l \ _ fi q nb _ _ [ l fi \ _ [ fi h a nb _
f[ n_l[ f g [ h ^ c\ f_ [ h ^ o j j _ l _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ *
R cnb ch nb _ g o m] o fi g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l nl c[ h a f_ ( do mn ch `l i h n i ` nb _ _ [ l fi \ _ ( [ h ^ _ r n_ h ^ ì
ch a ^ i q h ni nb _ [ h a f_ i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ ( D mi g _ ncg _ m m_ _ i l `__f [ `cl g ( mg i i nb (
mi g _ q b [ n l o \ \ _ l s ( h i h ^ cm] l _ n_ mq _ ffch a ( q b c] b cm h i n ni o a b `[ n( \ o n l [ nb _ l [
\ ca n[ cf i ` nb _ j [ l i nc^ a f[ h ^ * = _ ch a [ f_l n ni nb cm j i mmc\ cfcns q cff e _ _ j g _ `l i g
_ h n_ l ch a nb _ a f[ h ^ ch m_ [ l ] b i ` `[ n ni l _ g i p_ ( [ h ^ q cff j l i g j n g _ ni [ ^ pcm_ nb _
j [ nc_ h n \ _ `i l _ mo l a _ l s nb [ n nb _ \ o g j q cff fce _fs mncff \ _ nb _ l _ [ `n_ l mo l a _ l s * = i nb
i ` nb _ m_ j [ nc_ h nm b [ ^ [ \ ca j [ l i nc^ n[ cf* < m [ j l _ ] [ o nci h ( [ h s ^ cm] l _ n_ mq _ ffch a
h _ _ ^ m ni \ _ j l i j _ l fs _ p[ fo [ n_ ^ ni l of_ i o n [ j i mmc\ f_ no g i l i l b _ g [ h a ci g [ *
J h _ g i l _ ] i g g _ h n [ \ i o n mi ` n ncmmo _ m o h ^ _ mcl [ \ fs `cffcha nb _ g o m] o fi g [ h ^ c\ ì
o f[ l nl i o a b 6 mi g _ mo l a _ i h m _ f_ ] n ni mq ch a [ j l _ [ o l c] o f[ l ` f[ j i ` N H < N \ _ b ch ^
nb _ _ [ l [ m [ nl [ ] nci h n[ \ ` i l j o ffch a \ [ ] e i h nb _ j f[ ns mg [ [ fi h a nb _ d[ q fch _ * < n
ncg _ m( b i q _ p_ l ( nb cm nl [ h mj i m_ ^ `[ nns )`[ m] c[ f `f[ j g [ s `cff o j nb _ ^ _ j l _ mmci h (
\ fo h nch a nb _ mo \ nf_ ] i h ni o l m nb [ n q _ q i o f^ fce_ ni j l _ m_ l p_ i l ] l _ [ n_ *

! n bVS ^ ObW
S\ b W
\ Q] \ a c ZbObW
] \

. - 1
OC @ KJ NO< P MD> P G< M CDI O@MG< I ?
Ach [ ffs ( f_ n#m ] i h mc^ _ l nb _ h [ l l i q j _ h ch mo f[ i ` \ [ l l _ h f[ h ^ \ _ b ch ^
nb _ _ [ l \ i l ^ _ l _ ^ \ s nb _ j i mn[ o l c] o f[ l mo f] o m [ h ^ nb _ i ] ] cj cn[ f
b [ cl fch _ * Dn ] i o f^ \ _ ] [ ff_ ^ [ P QV\ MZTI VL $ h i n i h fs \ _ ] [ o m_ cn cm l _ ì
g i n_ ( \ o n [ fmi \ _ ] [ o m_ cn n_ h ^ m ni \ _ p cmcn_ ^ \ s [ KI TXMT%_ QMTL QVO
QV\ MZTWXMZ[ $ q b i ni i i ` n_ h mb i q cn fcnnf_ l _ mj _ ] n* H [ h g [ ^ _ m] [ l m
g [ s nb _ h nl [ ] e [ ] l i mm nb _ g [ mni c^ ( ni i fi q ni \ _ b c^ ^ _ h * H [ h )
g [ ^ _ f[ h ^ mb c` nm g [ s h i n] b nb _ ] i [ mnfch _ * < h ^ mncn] b g [ l e m g [ s
\ _ m_ _ h fcnn_ l ch a nb _ mb i l _ * < \ ca _ [ l ( m_ n ] fi m_ ni nb _ b _ [ ^ ( g ca b n
b c^ _ mi g _ i ` nb _ [ \ o m_ ã \ o n q i o f^ h #n cn \ _ h c] _ c` [ ff ] i g _ l m
] [ l _ ^ _ h i o a b ni j l _ m_ l p_ [ j l cmnch _ f[ h ^ m] [ j _ ` i l i nb _ l m nb _ l _ ì
[ ` n_ l ni _ h di s ;
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nb _ b [ cl cm( q b _ l _ nb _ P MTQ` %P I QZTQVM \ W] KP XW QV \ fc_ m( [ h ^ c` nb _ l _
[ l _ m] [ l m ` l i g [ \ s a i h _ mo l a _ l s ã [ ff i ` q b c] b ` [ ] ni l ch ni nb _
] b i c] _ i ` ch ] cmci h [ h ^ cnm ^ _ mca h *

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Oi b _ fj nb _ j [ nc_ h n [ h ^ g _ ^ _ ] c^ _ q b _ nb _ l ni ^ i [ h _ ] e fc`n [ fi h _ ( i l [ `[ ] _ fc`n
nb [ n q i o f^ ch ] fo ^ _ nb _ h _ ] e ( D [ j j l i r cg [ n_ nb _ l _ mo fn i ` _ [ ] b [ m nb _ j [ nc_ h n
fi i e m ch nb _ g cl l i l *
Acl mn D o m_ \ i nb ch ^ _ r `ch a _ l m ni ] l _ [ n_ nb _ ^ _ _ j _ mn b s i c^ [ h a f_ j i mmc\ f_ \ s ch ì
^ _ h nch a nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f ncmmo _ m q b cf_ Dmnl _ n] b nb _ [ h n_ l i f[ n_ l [ f ncmmo _ m i ` nb _
h _ ] e \ [ ] e q [ l ^ ni mcg o f[ n_ nb _ \ _ mn cmi f[ n_ ^ h _ ] e fc`n nb [ n D ] [ h *
Ob _ h ( e _ _ j ch a g s f_`n b [ h ^ ch j f[ ] _ ( D f[ s nb _ mc^ _ i ` g s l ca b n ch ^ _ r `ch a _ l [ fi h a
nb _ fi q _ l \ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m l ca b n g _ ^ c[ f d[ q fch _ ni ] i p_ l nb _ di q f [ h ^ ni
^ _ `ch _ nb _ d[ q fch _ * Dm[ s 6
Ob cm cm b i q s i o #^ fi i e q cnb [ h _ ] e fc`n [ fi h _ ( [ h ^ q cnb nb _ d[ q fch _ ] f_ [ h _ ^
o j * Ti o ] [ h m_ _ nb [ n q cnb i o n [ ] b _ _ e fc`n nb _ me ch `i f^ [ h ^ nb _ ] l _ [ m_ m
do mn i o nmc^ _ nb _ ] i l h _ l i ` s i o l g i o nb ^ i h #n ] b [ h a _ [ n [ ff( [ h ^ nb _ fcnnf_
^ i q h no l h l ca b n [ n nb _ ] i l h _ l i ` nb _ g i o nb mn[ s m do mn [ m cn cm*
Ob _ h D fc`n _ [ ] b ] b _ _ e o j q [ l ^ q cnb nb _ `ch a _ l m i ` _ [ ] b i ` g s b [ h ^ m q b cf_ Do m_
g s nb o g \ m ni b i f^ \ [ ] e [ mh o a d[ q fch _ ( h i nch a 6
< h ^ nb cm cm b i q s i o #^ fi i e c` q _ ^ c^ \ i nb nb _ h _ ] e [ h ^ nb _ ] b _ _ e [ n nb _
m[ g _ ncg _ *
D` nb _ mcg o f[ n_ ^ h _ ] e [ h ^ d[ q fch _ fc`n fi i e m i e [ s ni \ i nb i ` o m( [ h ^ nb _ j [ nc_ h n
] f_ [ l fs o h ^ _ l mn[ h ^ m nb [ n nb _ m[ a m [ h ^ \ [ a m h _ [ l nb _ ] i l h _ l i ` nb _ g i o nb q cff
h i n \ _ cg j l i p_ ^ \ s nb _ h _ ] e )d[ q fch _ fc`n( D#ff ^ i [ h cmi f[ n_ ^ h _ ] e fc`n c` nb [ n#m
q b [ n nb _ j [ nc_ h n q [ h nm* C i q _ p_ l ( c` _ cnb _ l i ` o m ^ i _ mh #n fce _ nb _ fi i e i ` nb _
cmi f[ n_ ^ h _ ] e fc`n( i l mb i o f^ nb _ j [ nc_ h n j l _ ` _ l nb _ fi i e i ` nb _ ] i g j f_ n_ ` [ ] _
fc`n( nb _ h nb [ n#m q b [ n D#ff ^ i *
H@? D>= _ `i l _ nb _ j [ nc_ h n cm mb i q h ch ni g s i ``c] _ ` i l nb _ ] i h mo fn[ nci h ( D l _ pc_ q nb _
] i g j f_ n_ ^ g _ ^ c] [ f b cmni l s k o _ mnci h h [ cl _ ni ^ _ n_ l g ch _ q b _ nb _ l mi g _ [ mj _ ] n i `
nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m b _ [ fnb g [ s ch ` fo _ h ] _ nb _ [ j j l i j l c[ n_ h _ mm i ` mo l a _ l s i l cnm ncg ch a *
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nb _ _ r [ g ch [ nci h ( q _ n[ fe ch ^ _n[ cf [ \ i o n nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m b _ [ fnb * D ^ i h #n fce _ ni a _ n
^ _ _ j fs ch pi fp_ ^ ch ` i l g o f[ nch a [ j f[ h ` i l mo l a _ l s q cnb i o n \ i nb i ` o m e h i q ì
ch a nb [ n mi g _ b _ [ fnb cmmo _ g [ s h _ _ ^ ni \ _ mi l n_ ^ i o n \ _ ` i l _ q _ ^ _ ] c^ _
q b _ h [ h ^ c` ni j l i ] _ _ ^ *

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< _ mnb _ nc] mo l a _ l s cm _ f_ ] ncp _ mo l a _ l s [ h ^ cm g _ [ h n ` i l nb i m_ q b i [ l _ j b s mcì
] [ ffs [ h ^ j ms ] b i fi a c] [ ffs `cn ` i l cn* = o n \ _ ch a _ f_ ] ncp_ mo l a _ l s ^ i _ m h i n g _ [ h
nb [ n cn cm o h cg j i l n[ h n( [ h ^ \ _ ch a do ^ a _ ^ `cn ` i l mo l a _ l s mb i o f^ h i n \ _ \ [ m_ ^ i h
ch ` f_ r c\ f_ ] l cn_ l c[ * Dn g _ [ h m nb [ n nb _ \ _ h _ ` cnm i ` mo l a _ l s mb i o f^ [ fq [ s m \ _
q _ ca b _ ^ [ a [ ch mn nb _ l cme m( [ h ^ nb _ l cme m mb i o f^ [ fq [ s m \ _ h i g i l _ nb [ h g i ^ ì
_ l [ n_ * @f_ ] ncp_ mo l a _ l s [ fmi g _ [ h m nb [ n nb _ ncg _ h _ _ ^ _ ^ ` i l [ j l i j _ l g _ ^ c] [ f
_ p[ fo [ nci h cm [ fq [ s m n[ e _ h * @r j _ ^ cnch a nb _ m] b _ ^ o fch a i ` mo l a _ l s cm ` ch _ [ m fi h a
[ m cn ^ i _ mh #n ] i g j l i g cm_ j [ nc_ h n m[ ` _ ns * Ob _ l _ cm h i mo ] b nb ch a [ m [ h _ g _ l ì
a _ h ] s h _ ] e fc`n*
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i \ m_ l p[ nci h m6
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j _ l g cmmci h ( D] i h n[ ] n nb _ j l cg [ l s ] [ l _ j b s mc] c[ h [ h ^ i nb _ l l _ f_ p[ h n mj _ ì
] c[ fcmnm* D g [ e _ [ j i ch n i ` n_ ffch a nb _ m_ \ o ms ^ i ] ni l m b i q cg j i l n[ h n
nb _ cl ch j o n cm ch _ p [ fo [ nch a nb _ j [ nc_ h n ` i l mo l a _ l s ( [ h ^ b i q g o ] b nb _
j [ nc_ h n [ h ^ D [ j j l _ ] c[ n_ nb _ cl b _ fj * D [ fmi n_ff nb _ g q b _ l _ nb _ mo l a _ l s q cff
\ _ j _ l ` i l g _ ^ ( q b [ n e ch ^ i ` [ h _ mnb _ mc[ q cff \ _ o m_ ^ ( b i q nb _ j [ nc_ h n q cff
\ _ g i h cni l _ ^ ^ o l ch a [ h ^ [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ( [ h ^ nb _ j l i p cmci h m g [ ^ _ ` i l _ g _ l ì
a _ h ] s nl _ [ ng _ h n i ` o h ni q [ l ^ _ p _ h nm mb i o f^ nb _ s i ] ] o l *
î
< fnb i o a b nb _ [ a _ i ` nb _ j [ nc_ h n cm ] _ l n[ ch fs [ ` [ ] ni l ni ] i h mc^ _ l ch [ mì
m_ mmch a nb _ [ j j l i j l c[ n_ h _ mm i ` mo l a _ l s ( mi g _ j [ nc_ h nm [ l _ o h b _ [ fnb s [ n
0 , [ h ^ h i n ] [ h ^ c^ [ n_ m ` i l mo l a _ l s ( q b _ l _ [ m i nb _ l m nq c] _ nb [ n [ a _ ] [ h \ _
ch _ r ] _ ff_ h n b _ [ fnb [ h ^ [ l _ l _ [ mi h [ \ f_ ] [ h ^ c^ [ n_ m ` i l mo l a _ l s *
Ç D` nb _ j [ nc_ h n b [ m q _ ff)] i h nl i ff_ ^ ^ c[ \ _ n_ m [ h ^ nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m j b s mc] c[ h _ h ì
^ i l m_ m nb _ mo l a _ l s ( g i ^ c` c] [ nci h m ni nb _ ^ c_ n( nb _ ^ i m[ a _ [ h ^ ncg ch a i ` ^ cì
[ \ _ nc] g _ ^ c] [ nci h m( [ h ^ nb _ ns j _ [ h ^ ncg ch a i ` ch nl [ p _ h i o m ` fo c^ m [ l _ [ ff
] f_ [ l fs q i l e _ ^ i o n q cnb nb _ j b s mc] c[ h [ b _ [ ^ i ` ncg _ *
î
Dmj _ ] c` c] [ ffs [ me nb _ j [ nc_ h n [ \ i o n M [ s h [ o ^ #m ^ cm_ [ m_ i l i nb _ l ^ cm_ [ m_ m
[ mmi ] c[ n_ ^ q cnb g c] l i [ h a ci j [ nb s i l ^ s m[ o ni h i g c[ nb [ n ] i o f^ [ ` ` _ ] n nb _
\ fi i ^ mo j j fs ni nb _ me ch *
î
I i n _ p _ l s j b s mc] c[ h [ j j l _ ] c[ n_ m nb _ \ _ h _ ` cnm i ` ] i mg _ nc] mo l a _ l s [ h ^ nb _
j i mcncp_ cg j [ ] n cn ] [ h b [ p_ i h nb _ k o [ fcns i ` [ j [ nc_ h n#m fc`_* D` [ j [ nc_ h n
q [ h nm ni b [ p_ mo l a _ l s [ h ^ cm b _ [ fnb s ( \ o n b cm i l b _ l j b s mc] c[ h ^ i _ m h i n
m_ _ cnm q i l nb ch _ mm* D#ff j l i ] _ _ ^ [ h s q [ s * C i q _ p _ l ( c` nb _ j [ nc_ h n b [ m [
g _ ^ c] [ f ] i h ^ cnci h nb [ n cm o h ^ _ l nl _ [ ng _ h n [ h ^ nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m j b s mc] c[ h
\ _ fc_ p _ m nb [ n nb _ l cme m ch p i fp _ ^ [ l _ o h q [ l l [ h n_ ^ ( D ^ i h i n j l i ] _ _ ^ *

h _ ] e fc`n
Ç < fnb i o a b g [ h s j [ nc_ h nm q b i ] i g _ `i l [ ] i h mo fn[ nci h ch ^ c] [ n_ nb [ n nb _ s
b [ p_ [ l _ a o f[ l j b s mc] [ f _ r [ g ch [ nci h ( mo l j l cmch a fs ( nb [ n i `n_ h ^ i _ m h i n ch ì
] fo ^ _ [ h _ f_ ] nl i ] [ l ^ ci a l [ g * D i \ n[ ch [ ] o l l _ h n @> B $q cnb [ h ch n_ l j l _ n[ ì
nci h \ s [ h ch n_ l h cmn i l ] [ l ^ ci fi a cmn% i h _ p _ l s j [ nc_ h n q b i q cff \ _ o h ^ _ l ì
a i ch a mo l a _ l s ( _ p_ h ] b cf^ l _ h ( ni \ _ ] _l n[ ch nb[ n nb _ l _ cm h i mcf_ hn ] [ l ^ c[ ]
[ \ h i l g [ fcns nb [ n h _ _ ^ m `o l nb _ l ch p_ mnca [ nci h * < ] i j s i ` nb [ n @> B cm e _j n
ch g s i ``c] _ l _ ] i l ^ m mi nb [ n cn ] [ h \ _ o m_ ^ `i l ] i g j [ l cmi h ^ o l ch a i l [ `n_l
mo l a _ l s c` h _ _ ^ _ ^ *
î D` nb _ j [ nc_ h n cm [ mg i e _ l * D_ r j f[ ch nb [ n nb _ ch ] c^ _ h ] _ i ` q i o h ^ )b _ [ fch a
j l i \ f_ g m i l [ mca h c`c] [ h n me ch mfi o a b cm . , ncg _ m b ca b _ l [ g i h a mg i e _ l m
nb [ h [ g i h a h i h mg i e _ l m [ h ^ nb [ n nb _ [ cl q [ s i ` [ mg i e _ l cm g o ] b g i l _
cllcn[ \ f_( g [ e ch a [ h _ mnb _ mc[ l cme c_l [ h ^ g i l _ ^ c``c] ofn* Ni g _ [ h _ mnb _ mci fi ì
a cmnm( b i q _ p_ l ( \ _ fc_ p_ nb [ n nb _ ] _ mm[ nci h i ` mg i e ch a do mn \ _ `i l _ mo l a _ l s
cm [ mmi ] c[ n_ ^ q cnb ch ] l _ [ m_ ^ [ cl q [ s m_ ] l _ nci h m*// Dmnl i h a fs [ ^ g i h cmb j [ ì
nc_ h nm ni mni j mg i e ch a ] i g j f_ n_ fs [ n f_[ mn - g i h nb \ _ `i l _ mo l a _ l s [ h ^ ni
mn[ s i `` ] ca [ l _ nn_ m `i l [ n f_[ mn . q _ _ e m [ `n_l mo l a _ l s ( c` h i n `i l _ p_ l */5 ? _ ì
mj cn_ nb [ n [ ^ g i h cnci h ( b i q _ p_ l ( D ^ i h i n o m_ [ h i ] ] cj cn[ f b [ cl )_ ^ a _ ch ] cì
mci h ch mg i e _ l m( \ o n l [ nb _l i h _ i ` nb _ mo f] o m ch ] cmci h m nb [ n \ _ nn_ l g [ ch ì
n[ ch m nb _ \ fi i ^ mo j j fs ni nb _ me ch \ _ b ch ^ nb _ _[ l* D[ fmi ^ i i h fs [ nb c] e
i h _ )f[ s _ l ^ _ _ j )j f[ h _ ^ cmm_ ] nci h ` i l [ ] b _ _ e fc`n l [ nb _l nb [ h [ mo \ ] o n[ ì
h _ i o m ^ cmm_ ] nci h ch nb _ ] b _ _ e ( [ fmi ni \ _nn_l j l _ m_ l p_ [ h [ ^ _ k o [ n_ me ch
j _ l `o mci h *
Ç N] [ fch a ^ i q h nb _ g [ a h cno ^ _ i ` mo l a _ l s ch ] i h mc^ _ l [ nci h i ` nb _ j [ ì
nc_ h n#m b _ [ fnb i l mn[ g ch [ cm mi g _ ncg _ m [ q cm_ ] b i c] _ ( \ o n i h fs c` nb _
f_mm ch pi fp_ ^ j l i ] _ ^ o l _ l _[ ffs q cff g [ e _ cn m[ `_l i l g i l _ ] i g `i l n[ \ f_ `i l
nb _ j [ nc_ h n( [ h ^ i h fs c` [ k o cn_ m[ ncm`[ ] ni l s l _ mofn cm _ h pcmci h _ ^ q cnb nb_
f_mm ] i g j f_ r j l i ] _ ^ o l _ * Ai l _ r [ g j f_ ( [ h cmi f[ n_^ h _ ] e fc`n g ca b n \ _ [
a i i ^ ] b i c] _ ch fc_o i ` [ `off `[ ] _ fc`n( i l [ h _] e fcj i mo ] nci h g ca b n \ _ ] i h ì
mc^ _ l _ ^ l [ nb _ l nb [ h [ h i j _ h h _ ] e fc`n*è4).- Ai l nb_ m[ g _ l _ [ mi h m( Di ] ] [ mci h ì
[ ffs ^ i [ ^ cl _ ] n _ r ] cmci h i ` [ j l i g ch _ h n h[ mi f[ \ c[ f `i f^ ch [ g [ h i l q i g [ h
o h ^ _ l fi ] [ f [ h _ mnb _ mc[ ( [ fnb i o a b D [ g ch] fch_^ VW\ ni ^ i [ ^ cl _ ] n me ch _ r ì
] cmci h [ h ^ U)j f[ mns 4 me ch ] fi mo l _ ch nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f h _ ] e ( \ _ ] [ o m_ nb_
m] [ l m nb _ l _ ] i o f^ \ _ j l i \ f_ g [ nc] *
î D` mo l a _ l s cm \ _ ch a ] i h mc^ _ l _ ^ ( D ^ i h #n f_ n nb _ j [ nc_ h n f_ [ p_ nb _ i ``c] _
q cnb i o n `cl mn ] b _ ] e ch a $[ h ^ i ` n_ h l _ ] b _ ] e ch a % bcm i l b _ l \ fi i ^ j l _ mì
mo l _ * Db [ p_ ` i o h ^ nb [ n D[ g i `n_ h nb_ `cl mn ni ^ _ n_ ] n b s j _ l n_ h mci h ch [ j [ ì
nc_ hn q b i b [ m h _ p_ l \ _ _ h e h i q h ni b [ p_ [ h _f_ p[ n_ ^ \ fi i ^ j l _ mmo l _ * = o n
g i l _ i `n_h ( j [ nc_ h nm n_ff g _ nb [ n [ h ch n_ l g cnn_ h nfs _ f_ p[ n_ ^ \ fi i ^ j l _ mmo l _
b [ m \ _ _ h l _ ] i l ^ _ ^ [ h ^ [ nnl c\ o n_ ^ ni [ _ P Q\ M KWI \ l _ [ ] nci h * Dh ^ _ _ ^ ( c` D
`ch ^ [ h _ f_ p[ n_ ^ \ fi i ^ j l _ mmo l _ ( cn g [ s q _ ff \ _ [ h i l g [ f l _ mj i h m_ ni nb_
[ h r c_ ns nb [ n g [ h s j [ nc_ h nm _ r j _ l c_ h ] _ [ `n_ l [ ^ cm] o mmci h i ` mo l a _ l s * = o n D
q [ h n ni e h i q nb [ n( \ _ ] [ o m_ nb [ n mnl _ mm _f_ p[ nci h cm _ r [ ] nfs q b [ n cm fce_fs

! n 8 VS ^ ObW
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ni i ] ] o l [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s [ m nb _ j [ nc_ h n cm _ g _ l a ch a ` l i g [ h _ mnb _ mc[ ( i l
q b _ h nb _ j [ nc_ h n _ r j _ l c_ h ] _ m mi g _ j [ ch [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s * R cnb nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m
j _ l g cmmci h ( nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m j b s mc] c[ h cm [ me _ ^ ni ` o l nb _ l _ p[ fo [ n_ nb _ \ fi i ^
j l _ mmo l _ mcno [ nci h ( [ h ^ c` [ j j l i j l c[ n_ ( ni ch cnc[ n_ nl _ [ ng _ h n*
C i q _ p _ l (
g [ h s j b s mc] c[ h m h _ _ ^ ni \ _ ch ` i l g _ ^ i ` nb _ ^ _ f_ n_ l ci o m _ ` ` _ ] n f[ \ cf_ b s ì
j _ l n_ h mci h ] [ h b [ p_ ch l _ a [ l ^ ni ch nl [ i j _ l [ ncp_ \ f_ _ ^ ch a [ h ^ j i mni j _ l [ ì
ncp_ b _ g [ ni g [ ` i l g [ nci h ( [ h ^ nb _ s g [ s h _ _ ^ [ fcnnf_ ] i [ r ch a ni ch cnc[ n_
nl _ [ ng _ h n ni _ l [ ^ c] [ n_ nb _ b ca b mj ce _ m ch \ fi i ^ j l _ mmo l _ nb _ m_ j [ nc_ h nm
o h ^ i o \ n_ ^ fs _ r j _ l c_ h ] _ ^ o l ch a nb _ ^ [ s * J h ] _ nb _ s ^ i ( nb _ f[ \ cf_ i l mn[ \ f_
b s j _ l n_ h mci h g [ s \ _ k o c] e [ h ^ _ [ ms ni ] i h nl i f( i l cn g [ s \ _ ^ c` ` c] o fn( l _ ì
k o cl ch a [ a i i ^ g [ h s g i h nb m ni m_ f_ ] n [ h _ ` ` _ ] ncp_ g _ ^ c] [ nci h q cnb [ ] ì
] _ j n[ \ f_ mc^ _ _ ` ` _ ] nm [ h ^ ni [ ^ do mn nb _ ^ i m[ a _ *./ Ob _ l _ ` i l _ nb _ mi i h _ l nb cm
cm ch cnc[ n_ ^ ( nb _ \ _ nn_ l *
î
M_ a [ l ^ f_ mm i ` q b [ n j [ nc_ h nm g [ s i l g [ s h i n b [ p_ [ h mq _ l _ ^ [ \ i o n ^ l o a
[ ff_ l a c_ m i h nb _ g _ ^ c] [ f k o _ mnci h h [ cl _ ( D mj _ ] c` c] [ ffs [ me nb _ g [ \ i o n nb cm(
[ h ^ Dg [ e _ ] _ l n[ ch nb [ n ch ` i l g [ nci h [ j j _ [ l m j l i g ch _ h nfs i h [ ff nb _ j [ j _ l ì
q i l e nb [ n g ca b n j i mmc\ fs [ f_ l n g _ i l i nb _ l m ni nb _ m_ [ ff_ l a c_ m i l m_ h mcncpì
cnc_ m q b _ h j l _ m] l c\ ch a g _ ^ c] ch _ m i l q l cnch a i l ^ _ l m*
Ç D [ fmi mj _ ] c` c] [ ffs [ me nb _ j [ nc_ h n [ \ i o n h [ o m_ [ ` l i g j l _ p ci o m ^ l o a m i l
[ h _ mnb _ nc] m* K_ l b [ j m [ nb cl ^ i ` nb _ j i j o f[ nci h \ _ ] i g _ m h [ o m_ [ n_ ^ ` l i g
i h _ h [ l ] i nc] j [ ch g _ ^ c] [ nci h i l [ h i nb _ l * Ni g _ j [ nc_ h nm \ _ ] i g _ h [ o m_ ì
[ n_ ^ ` l i g ] i ^ _ ch _ \ o n ni f_ l [ n_ i r s ] i ^ i h _ * Ni g _ \ _ ] i g _ h [ o m_ [ n_ ^ ` l i g
i r s ] i ^ i h _ \ o n ni f_ l [ n_ b s ^ l i ] i ^ i h _ * Ni g _ ^ i q _ ff q cnb g _ j _ l c^ ch _ \ o n
h i n g i l j b ch _ * Ni g _ ] [ h #n n[ e _ [ h s h [ l ] i nc] *-3 D` nb [ n cm nb _ ] [ m_ ( D i ` n_ h
a cp_ j [ nc_ h nm [ j l _ m] l cj nci h ` i l -
i l . n[ \ f_ nm i ` nl [ g [ ^ i f b s ^ l i ] b fi l c^ _
$P fnl [ g %( [ m fi h a [ m nb _ l _ cm h i b cmni l s i ` [ m_ ct o l _ ^ cmi l ^ _ l [ h ^ nb _ j [ ì
nc_ h n cm h i n n[ e ch a [ m_ f_ ] ncp_ m_ l i ni h ch l _ o j n[ e _ ch b c\ cni l $NNMD% [ h ^ +i l
e _ ni l i f[ ] nl i g _ nb [ g ch _ $Oi l [ ^ i f% [ h ^ [ m fi h a [ m nb _ j [ nc_ h n b [ m h i b cmì
ni l s i ` a [ mnl i ch n_ mnch [ f \ f_ _ ^ ch a i l l _ h [ f ^ cm_ [ m_ ( ` i l [ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp_ nl c[ f ni
m_ _ c` nb [ n ^ l o a [ a l _ _ m q cnb b cg i l b_ l *
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O< GF < = J P O O@> CI DL P @ã H H i mn j [ nc_ h nm ^ i h #n ] [ l _ ni e h i q g o ] b [ \ i o n nb _ n_ ] b h c] [ f [ mj _ ] nm i ` mo l a _ l s (
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mn[ h ^ ch a nb _ fcg cn[ nci h m i ` mo l a _ l s ( [ h ^ ^ _ [ fch a q cnb j l i \ f_ g m mb i o f^ nb _ s
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[ l i o h ^ nb _ mc^ _ m i ` s i o l ` [ ] _ nb [ n q cff [ fmi ] i p _ l s i o l h _ ] e ( \ o n s i o l _ s _ m
q i h #n \ _ ] i p _ l _ ^ ( [ h ^ s i o #ff \ _ [ \ f_ ni m_ _ j _ l ` _ ] nfs ` ch _ * T i o #ff fi i e fce _
[ g o g g s * Df_ [ p_ nb ch j f[ mnc] ^ l [ ch [ a _ ] [ nb _ n_ l m o h ^ _ l nb _ me ch i h _ [ ] b
mc^ _ q b _ l _ p _ l D#p _ \ _ _ h ( mi s i o #ff b [ p _ nq i ( i l ` i o l ( i l mcr i ` nb _ g ( [ h ^
_ [ ] b i h _ q cff \ _ ] i h h _ ] n_ ^ ni [ p [ ] o o g no \ _ ( [ h ^ [ ff i ` nb _ no \ _ m q cff
nb _ h \ _ j ch h _ ^ ni nb _ ^ l _ mmch a ( mi s i o #ff fi i e fce _ s i o b [ p _ a f[ mm ^ l _ [ ^ ì
fi ] e m b [ h a ch a ^ i q h *
Ob _ h o l m_ m q cff ] i g _ ch ni m_ _ s i o [ n f_ [ mn _ p _ l s b i o l i l mi ni ] b [ h a _ nb _
p [ ] o o g no \ _ m [ h ^ ni a cp _ s i o [ j [ ch j cff i l [ j [ ch mb i n ni e _ _ j s i o ] i g ì
` i l n[ \ f_ * < me ` i l nb _ g _ ^ c] ch _ q b _ h s i o mn[ l n ni ` _ _ f mi g _ j [ ch * Ob _ l _ #m
h i l _ [ mi h ni \ _ [ b _ l i * I i n i h fs q cff s i o ` _ _ f \ _ nn_ l q cnb nb _ g _ ^ c] ch _ (
\ o n s i o #ff [ fmi b _ [ f \ _ nn_ l * @p _ l s \ i ^ s cm ^ c` ` _ l _ h n ch n_ l g m i ` b i q g o ] b
j [ ch nb _ s `_ _ f [ h ^ b i q nb _ s l _ [ ] n ni cn( \ o n s i o #l _ j l i \ [ \ fs a i ch a ni h _ _ ^
mi g _ mnl i h a j [ ch g _ ^ c] ch _ m_ p_ l [ f ncg _ m ^ o l ch a nb _ ^ [ s ( [ h ^ g [ s \ _ do mn
\ _ ` i l _ s i o a i ni mf_ _ j [ n h ca b n( _ p _ h q b _ h s i o a _ n b i g _ * Ob [ n ` cl mn q _ _ e
[ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ] [ h \ _ ni o a b * T i o #ff `_ _ f [ fcnnf_ \ _ nn_ l _ p _ l s ^ [ s ( \ o n cn o mo ì
[ ffs n[ e _ m [ \ i o n [ q _ _ e \ _ ` i l _ s i o l _ [ ffs mn[ l n ni ` _ _ f q _ ff* Dh \ _ nq _ _ h nb _
mnl i h a j [ ch j cffm( s i o ] [ h n[ e _ mi g _ Os f_ h i f c` s i o q [ h n*
T i o l h _ ] e q cff j l i \ [ \ fs ` _ _ f k o cn_ nca b n ` i l [ ` _ q ^ [ s m [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s (
[ h ^ cn g [ s \ _ [ fcnnf_ b [ l ^ ni mq [ ffi q ( \ o n s i o #ff \ _ [ \ f_ ni \ l _ [ nb do mn ` ch _ (
mi ^ i h #n q i l l s [ \ i o n nb [ n* T i o l d[ q g [ s [ fmi `_ _ f m i g _ q b [ n mnc` ` ( g [ e ch a

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cn [ fcnnf_ b [ l ^ ni ] b _ q _ [ mcfs ã mi g i mn j [ nc_ h nm fi m_ [ ` _ q j i o h ^ m nb [ n
` cl mn q _ _ e [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s * Do mo [ ffs i l ^ _ l [ mi ` n ^ c_ n ` i l nb _ `cl mn ` _ q ^ [ s m(
\ o n s i o ] [ h _ [ n q b [ n_ p _ l s i o `_ _ f fce _* Dn#m i e [ s ni i j _ h s i o l g i o nb [ m
q c^ _ [ m s i o ] [ h * T i o ] [ h _ [ n [ = ca H [ ] ( i l ] b _ q [ mn_ [ e ( q b [ n_ p _ l s i o
q [ h n [ h ^ q b [ n_ p _ l cm ] i g ` i l n[ \ f_ * = o n g i mn ` i fe m mn[ s i h [ mi ` n ^ c_ n ` i l
nb _ ` cl mn q _ _ e *
D#ff \ _ [ p[ cf[ \ f_ ni m_ _ s i o [ h s ncg _ c` nb _ l _ cm [ j i mmc\ f_ j l i \ f_ g ( \ o n D#ff
m_ _ s i o ` i l mo l _ f[ n_ ch nb _ [ ` n_ l h i i h i ` nb _ ^ [ s i ` mo l a _ l s * D#ff m_ _ s i o
[ a [ ch nb _ ` i ffi q ch a g i l h ch a ( nb _ h [ a [ ch nb [ n [ ` n_ l h i i h ( nb _ h [ a [ ch nb _
` i ffi q ch a g i l h ch a ( [ h ^ nb _ h c` s i o #l _ ` _ _ fch a o j ni cn( [ h ^ nb _ ^ l [ ch m [ l _
j o nnch a i o n p _ l s fcnnf_ * D#ff l _ g i p _ nb _ ^ l _ mmch a [ h ^ nb _ ^ l [ ch m f[ n_ ch nb _ [ ` ì
n_ l h i i h i ` nb _ m_ ] i h ^ ^ [ s [ `n_ l mo l a _ l s ( [ h ^ f_ n s i o a i b i g _ * T i o l h _ ] e
q cff ` _ _ f f_ mm nca b n q b _ h nb _ ^ l _ mmch a cm i ` ` * = o n c` nb _ ^ l [ ch m [ l _ mncff ] i fì
f_ ] nch a [ g i ^ _ l [ n_ [ g i o h n* D#ff _ cnb _ l b [ p_ s i o mn[ s [ h i nb _ l ^ [ s q cnb nb _
^ l [ ch m ch ( i l c` s i o j l _ ` _ l ( s i o ] [ h a i b i g _ q cnb i h _ i l g i l _ i ` nb _ ^ l [ ch m
ch * Dh nb [ n ] [ m_ ( s i o i l [ ` [ g cfs g _ g \ _ l ] [ h ] b [ h a _ nb _ no \ _ m nb l _ _ i l
` i o l ncg _ m [ ^ [ s ` i l [ ` _ q ^ [ s m( [ h ^ nb _ h ] i g _ ch ni nb _ i ` ` c] _ [ h ^ q _ #ff
mfc^ _ nb _ ^ l [ ch m i o n* > b [ h a ch a nb _ no \ _ m s i o l m_ f` cm _ [ ms 7 q _ #ff mb i q s i o
b i q ni ^ i cn* J h _ nb ch a D#p_ f_ [ l h _ ^ i p _ l nb _ s _ [ l m cm nb [ n cn#m \ _ nn_ l ni
f_ [ p _ nb _ ^ l [ ch m ch fi h a _ l l [ nb _ l nb [ h n[ e ch a nb _ g i o n [ fcnnf_ ni i mi i h *
D` q _ ] [ h j l _ p _ h n j o ^ ^ f_ m ` l i g ] i ff_ ] nch a o h ^ _ l s i o l me ch ( s i o #ff l _ ] i p _ l
g o ] b k o c] e _ l * = o n nb _ fce _ fcb i i ^ cm nb [ n s i o #ff a i b i g _ q cnb i o n nb _ ^ l [ ch m*
R b _ h s i o a _ n b i g _ s i o ] [ h a _ n ch nb _ m b i q _ l [ h ^ q [ m b s i o l b [ cl q cnb
[ h s e ch ^ i ` mb [ g j i i ( [ h ^ s i o ] [ h o m_ [ h s ] i h ^ cnci h _ l * Ti o #ff `_ _ f mi
g o ] b \ _ nn_ l q b _ h s i o a _ n [ ff nb _ a i i e i o n i ` s i o l b [ cl * < h ^ s i o mb i o f^
^ i nb cm _ p _ l s ^ [ s * Ni [ j [ h ^ q [ n_ l e _ _ j m nb _ mo no l _ fch _ m h c] _ [ h ^ ] f_ [ h (
[ h ^ nb _ ch ] cmci h m q i h #n a _ n ch ` _ ] n_ ^ * Ob _ s #l _ [ ff h c] _ fs m_ [ f_ ^ * D` s i o
mb i o f^ a i b i g _ q cnb ^ l [ ch m ch ( s i o ] [ h mncff m b i q _ l [ h ^ q [ m b s i o l b [ cl *
? l [ j _ [ mg [ ff ni q _ f i l [ ] fi nb \ [ nb l i \ _ \ _ fn [ l i o h ^ s i o l h _ ] e [ h ^ j ch nb _
no \ _ b i f^ _ l m ni cn mi nb _ ^ l [ ch ] [ nb _ n_ l m( q b c] b [ l _ b _ f^ ch do mn \ s [ fcnnf_
mo no l _ ( ^ i h #n ^ [ h a f_ `l _ _ ( i l j ch nb _ p [ ] o o g no \ _ b i f^ _ l m ni [ \ l [ mnl [ j i l
\ [ nb ch a mo cn q b cf_ s i o #l _ ch nb _ mb i q _ l *
R b _ h s i o a _ n b i g _ s i o ^ i h #n b [ p _ ni \ _ b i o m_ )\ i o h ^ * D` s i o `_ _ f o j ni
cn( s i o ] [ h a i i o n l ca b n [ q [ s ` i l [ q [ fe [ l i o h ^ nb _ \ fi ] e [ h ^ ] [ h ^ i nb [ n
_ p _ l s ^ [ s ni a _ n nb _ ] cl ] o f[ nci h a i ch a * C i q _ p _ l ( ^ i h #n ^ i [ h s nb ch a nb [ n
q cff a _ n s i o l \ fi i ^ j l _ mmo l _ o j i l s i o l b _ [ l n l [ ] ch a * < h ^ c` s i o ^ i h #n fi i e
ni i \ [ ^ ( s i o ] [ h j o n i h [ j [ cl i ` ^ [ l e a f[ mm_ m [ h ^ mh _ [ e i o n ni [ g i pc_ (
i l a i i o n ` i l [ \ cn_ ni _ [ n* = o n ni \ _ b i h _ mn( g i mn j [ nc_ h nm ^ i h #n fi i e [ h ^
`_ _ f mi a l _ [ n nb [ n ` cl mn q _ _ e [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ( [ h ^ g i mn mn[ s j l _ nns ] fi m_ ni
b i g _ * Ni `cff o j nb _ ` l _ _ t _ l q cnb g _ [ fm s i o ] [ h j i j ch ni nb _ g c] l i q [ p _ *

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Ai l [ \ i o n . q _ _ e m [ `n_ l mo l a _ l s s i o mb i o f^ e _ _ j s i o l b _ [ ^ [ \ i p _ s i o l
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_ h i o a b * Ti o ^ i h #n b [ p_ ni \ _ \ i fn o j l ca b n* Ol s ni e _ _ j nb _ j cffi q o h ^ _ l
s i o l mb i o f^ _ l m [ m q _ ff [ m s i o l b _ [ ^ ( mi nb [ n s i o l ] b ch cmh #n no ] e _ ^ ^ i q h
i h s i o l ] b _ mn* R _ q [ h n ni e _ _ j nb _ me ch o h ^ _ l s i o l ] b ch ` l i g l i ffch a o j *
Ti o ] [ h `fcj ` l i g mc^ _ ni mc^ _ ( \ o n ^ i h #n mj _ h ^ [ ff h ca b n i h i h _ mc^ _ i l
_ fm_ nb [ n mc^ _ i ` s i o l h _ ] e [ h ^ `[ ] _ q cff \ _ p_ l s j o ` ` s q b _ h s i o a _ n o j ch
nb _ g i l h ch a * < h ^ ^ i h #n \ _ h ^ i p _ l ` i l [ ` _ q q _ _ e m ni j c] e mi g _ nb ch a
o j i h nb _ `fi i l 7 ] l i o ] b ^ i q h ch mn_ [ ^ * Ti o ] [ h g i p _ s i o l b _ [ ^ [ l i o h ^
ch [ ff ^ cl _ ] nci h mã nq cmn cn mc^ _ ni mc^ _ ( o j [ h ^ ^ i q h ( cn q i h #n n_ [ l [ h s ì
nb ch a i o n* = o n ^ i i h fs q b [ n#m ] i g ` i l n[ \ f_ * Ti o ^ i h #n b [ p_ ni ^ i [ h s mj _ ì
] c[ f h _ ] e )mnl _ n] b ch a _ r _ l ] cm_ m* Ti o ] [ h ^ l cp_ q b _ h s i o ] [ h no l h [ h ^
fi i e i p_ l s i o l mb i o f^ _ l ] i g ` i l n[ \ fs mi nb [ n s i o ] i o f^ _ [ mcfs m_ _ [ ] [ l \ _ ì
b ch ^ s i o * Dn#m do mn [ g [ nn_ l i ` m[ `_ ns *
Ti o #ff j l i \ [ \ fs b [ p_ [ mnl cj i l nq i i ` ` i [ g n[ j _ i h nb _ me ch o h ^ _ l s i o l
] b ch * Dn q cff o mo [ ffs mnc] e nb _ l _ _ p_ h ch nb _ mb i q _ l * Dn j l i pc^ _ m [ fcnnf_ j l _ mì
mo l _ [ h ^ b _ fj m ni ^ _ ] l _ [ m_ nb _ mq _ ffch a nb _ l _ ( mi nl s h i n ni j _ _ f cn i ``* D`
cn mb i o f^ ] i g _ i ``( ^ i h #n q i l l s * P h ^ _ l h _ [ nb nb _ ` i [ g n[ j _ cm [ nb ch j c_ ] _
i ` n[ j _ i p_ l nb _ ch ] cmci h * D` nb [ n ] i g _ m i `` ni i ( s i o #ff m_ _ nb _ _ h ^ m i ` nb _
\ fo _ j o ff)i o n mncn] b * = _ ] [ l _ `o f h i n ni j off i o n nb _ mo no l _ s i o l m_ f` ( [ h ^
^ i h #n nl cg i ` ` nb _ _ h ^ m i l _ fm_ D q i h #n \ _ [ \ f_ ni a _ n cn i o n* Ti o ] [ h j o n [
fcnnf_ n[ j _ i p_ l nb _ _ h ^ m i ` nb _ mncn] b ni j l i n_ ] n nb _ g c` s i o q [ h n*
M_ g _ g \ _ l nb [ n c` s i o n[ e _ i h _ i ` nb _ h [ l ] i nc] j [ ch j cffm( [ m s i o g ca b n
q [ h n ni ^ i i ] ] [ mci h [ ffs ` i l nb _ `cl mn q _ _ e i l nq i ( _ mj _ ] c[ ffs \ _ ` i l _ s i o
a i ni \ _ ^ [ n h ca b n( nb [ n ns j _ i ` g _ ^ c] ch _ i `n_ h ] [ o m_ m mi g _ ] i h mncj [ nci h (
mi n[ e _ [ f[ r [ ncp_ [ h ^ +i l [ mni i f mi ` n_ h _ l [ m q _ ff*
Ti o #ff ] i g _ \ [ ] e ni m_ _ g _ - q _ _ e [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ( [ h ^ D#ff n[ e _ i o n nb _
mo no l _ m* Ob _ mncn] b o h ^ _ l s i o l ] b ch mfc^ _ m i o n _[ mcfs * D` D^ i [ `[ ] _ fc`n
[ fi h a q cnb nb _ h _ ] e fc`n( nb _ l _ j l i \ [ \ fs q cff \ _ i h _ i l nq i mg [ ff n[ ] e ch a
mo no l _ m ch ` l i h n i ` _ [ ] b _ [ l ni l _ g i p_ * Ob _ l _ mn i ` nb _ mncn] b _ m ch `l i h n
[ h ^ \ _ b ch ^ s i o l _ [ l m [ l _ l o h o h ^ _ l nb _ me ch [ h ^ q cff ^ cmmi fp_ i h nb _ cl
i q h * D` D^ i mi g _ q i l e i h s i o l _ s _ fc^ m nb _ l _ g [ s [ fmi \ _ [ fcnnf_ n[ j _ [ n
nb _ ch mc^ _ [ h ^ i o nmc^ _ ] i l h _ l m ni b i f^ ^ i q h nb _ n[ cfm i ` [ j o ff)i o n mncn] b
nb _ l _ * < h ^ c` q _ ^ i [ mg [ ff ch ] cmci h \ l i q fc`n( nb i m_ mncn] b _ m [ l _ [ fmi l o h
o h ^ _ l nb _ me ch ( mi h i nb ch a q i o f^ h _ _ ^ ni \ _ l _ g i p_ ^ nb _ l _ _cnb_l *
Ob _ h c` _ p_ l s nb ch a cm a i ch a q _ ff [ h ^ s i o m_ _ g ni \ _ b _ [ fch a h i l g [ ffs ( D
g [ s h i n h _ _ ^ ni m_ _ s i o [ a [ ch ` i l nb l _ _ g i h nb m( [ h ^ nb _ h [ a [ ch [ n s i o l
- s _ [ l [ h h cp_ l m[ l s * Ob [ n#m nb _ o mo [ f l i o nch _ * = o n c` [ h s q b _ l _ [ fi h a nb _ fch_
s i o i l D b [ p_ [ h s ] i h ] _ l h m [ n [ ff* D#ff b [ p_ s i o ] i g _ ch [ m i `n_ h [ m h _ _ ^ _ ^

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ni m_ _ q b [ n#m a i ch a i h [ h ^ ni ^ _ [ f q cnb [ h s j l i \ f_ g m* Dn#m h i n o h o mo [ f
` i l j [ nc_ h nm ni ] i g _ ch _ p _ l s ` _ q q _ _ e m ` i l [ q b cf_ [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s o h ncf
nb ch a m b [ p_ m_ nnf_ ^ ^ i q h ( mi g _ ncg _ m do mn ` i l l _ [ mmo l [ h ] _ *
@p _ l s \ i ^ s a _ nm mi g _ \ l o cmch a [ h ^ mq _ ffch a ( \ o n cn p[ l c_ m [ a l _ [ n ^ _ [ f
` l i g j [ nc_ h n ni j [ nc_ h n* Ob _ mq _ ffch a q cff j l i \ [ \ fs mn[ l n ni a _ n [ fcnnf_
\ _ nn_ l i h nb _ ` c` nb ^ [ s [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s * Ni g _ j [ nc_ h nm ] i g _ \ [ ] e ` i l nb _ cl
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q _ _ e j i mni j _ l [ ncp _ i ` ` c] _ pcmcn [ h ^ nb _ s b [ p _ [ fg i mn h i \ l o cmch a i l
mq _ ffch a ( q b cf_ i nb _ l m fi i e fce _ nb _ s #p _ \ _ _ h b cn \ s [ nl o ] e * J h [ p_ l [ a _ ( cn
n[ e _ m . ni / q _ _ e m ` i l j [ nc_ h nm ni `_ _ f ] i g ` i l n[ \ f_ a i ch a i o n mi ] c[ ffs i l
a i ch a \ [ ] e ni q i l e ( \ o n cn g [ s n[ e _ mi g _ j [ nc_ h nm - g i h nb ni 2 q _ _ e m i l
fi h a _ l ni fi i e j l _ m_ h n[ \ f_ ( j [ l nc] o f[ l fs c` [ ` [ ] _ fc`n cm ^ i h _ * Dn#m _ [ mc_ l ni
b c^ _ [ \ l o cm_ ^ h _ ] e o h ^ _ l [ m] [ l ` i l [ no l nf_ h _ ] e mq _ [ n_ l nb [ h cn cm nb _
` [ ] _ ( q b c] b D a o _ mm q i o f^ h _ _ ^ [ j [ j _ l \ [ a ( [ h ^ nb [ n#m b [ l ^ ni ^ i * = o n
m_ l ci o mfs ( _ p _ h c` D i j _ l [ n_ i h do mn s i o l h _ ] e ( c` D [ fmi ` l _ _ o j nb _ me ch
[ fi h a nb _ d[ q fch _ ni nl cg nb _ di q f `[ n( s i o #ff j l i \ [ \ fs a _ n mi g _ mq _ ffch a ch
nb _ fi q _ l ] b _ _ e nb [ n#m b [ l ^ ni b c^ _ ( _ p _ h c` D j o n [ ^ l [ ch ch nb _ l _ ( [ h ^ s i o
g ca b n [ fmi a _ n [ p _ l s ^ [ l e j o l j f_ \ l o cm_ h _ r n ni s i o l ] b ch nb [ n ] i o f^ n[ e _
m_ p_ l [ f q _ _ e m ni l _ mi fp_ ã [ h ^ ^ [ l e j o l j f_ cm ^ c` ` c] o fn ni ] i h ] _ [ f q cnb
g [ e _ )o j *
Ob _ nb ch a nb [ n m_ _ g m ni ^ _ n_ l g ch _ b i q k o c] e fs s i o #ff l _ ] i p _ l ` l i g mo l ì
a _ l s cm b i q q _ ff s i o ] fi n* D` s i o ^ i h #n \ f_ _ ^ [ fi n ^ o l ch a [ h ^ [ ` n_ l mo l ì
a _ l s s i o mb i o f^ fi i e j l _ nns a i i ^ `[ cl fs mi i h ( \ o n c` s i o #l _ [ h i i t _ l [ h ^ [
\ l o cm_ l ( s i o #l _ a i ch a ni mq _ ff [ h ^ \ l o cm_ g i l _ ( [ h ^ nb [ n#m q b [ n mfi q m
^ i q h nb _ l _ ] i p_ l s * R b c] b cm q b s D^ i _ p _ l s nb ch a Dm[ ` _ fs ] [ h ni b [ p_ s i o
] fi n q _ ff( ch ] fo ^ ch a a _ nnch a s i o i ` ` i ` [ h s g _ ^ c] ch _ m( i l ` i i ^ m( i l p cn[ ì
g ch m( i l b _ l \ [ f mo j j f_ g _ h nm nb [ n ] i o f^ mfi q ^ i q h nb _ ] fi nnch a ( [ h ^ \ s
a _ nnch a mi g _ mj _ ] c[ f n_ mnm nb [ n ] b _ ] e i h s i o l ] fi nnch a ( q b c] b D#ff n[ fe ni
s i o [ \ i o n ch [ g ch o n_ * = o n _ p_ h c` nb i m_ n_ mnm [ l _ ] i g j f_ n_ fs h i l g [ f( [ h ^
s i o mni j n[ e ch a [ ff i ` nb _ g _ ^ c] ch _ m nb [ n ] i o f^ g [ e _ s i o \ f_ _ ^ g i l _ ( s i o
g [ s mncff \ f_ _ ^ g i l _ nb [ h mi g _ i nb _ l j [ nc_ h nm( [ h ^ nb [ n#m mi g _ nb ch a nb [ n
s i o [ h ^ D] [ h #n ] i h nl i f ] i g j f_ n_ fs *
Ai l [ q b cf_ [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s s i o l h _ ] e cm fcn_ l [ ffs a i ch a ni ` _ _ f fce _ [ ^ _ [ ^
j c_ ] _ i ` q i i ^ * Dn q cff \ _ h o g \ ( [ h ^ mnc``( [ h ^ `_ _ f b [ l ^ ni nb _ ni o ] b ( _ p _ h
\ o g j s ch j f[ ] _ mã [ h ^ cn q cff n[ e _ [ ` _ q g i h nb m \ _ ` i l _ cn mn[ l nm ni `_ _ f
mi g _ q b [ n h i l g [ f [ a [ ch * Dn n[ e _ m [ a i i ^ q b cf_ ` i l nb _ m_ j [ l [ n_ ^ h _ l p_
_ h ^ ch a m o h ^ _ l nb _ me ch ni mn[ l n ni fch e o j [ a [ ch ( [ h ^ ` i l nb _ ncmmo _ m ni l _ ì
a [ ch nb _ cl h i l g [ f mo j j f_ h _ mm* Ti o do mn b [ p _ ni a cp_ cn nb _ ncg _ cn h _ _ ^ m*
Ni g _ ncg _ m [ fcnnf_ a _ h nf_ g [ mm[ a _ b _ fj m mj _ _ ^ nb _ mi ` n_ h ch a j l i ] _ mm( \ o n
nb [ n#m h i n o mo [ ffs h _ ] _ mm[ l s * D` Dnb ch e cn q cff b _ fj ( b i q _ p _ l ( D#ff m b i q s i o
b i q ni ^ i cn [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s *

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< m ` i l nb _ h o g \ h _ mm( _ p _ l s \ i ^ s a _ nm cn* Dn a i _ m q cnb nb _ i j _ l [ nci h * < n
`cl mn( q b _ h s i o ni o ] b s i o l h _ ] e ( s i o #ff nb ch e cn \ _ fi h a m ni mi g _ i h _ _ fm_ *
Ob [ n mfi q fs a _ nm \ _ nn_ l ( [ h ^ o mo [ ffs nb _ `_ _ fch a l _ no l h m ] i g j f_ n_ fs ( i l [ fì
g i mn ] i g j f_ n_ fs * = o n Db [ p_ b [ ^ fi nm i ` j [ nc_ h nm q b i b [ p_ ni f^ g _ [ n nb _ cl
- s _ [ l ` i ffi q )o j pcmcn nb [ n nb _ l _ [ l _ mncff mi g _ mj i nm nb [ n `__f [ fcnnf_ h o g \ (
o mo [ ffs do mn o h ^ _ l nb _ ] b ch ( [ h ^ nb [ n mfca b n fi ] [ fct _ ^ fi mm i ` m_ h m[ nci h g [ s
\ _ j _ l g [ h _ h n* Dn#m mi g _ nb ch a nb [ n g i mn i ` nb _ m_ j [ nc_ h nm m[ s nb _ s ^ i h #n
nb ch e [ \ i o n( o h f_ mm nb _ s b [ j j _ h ni mnl i e _ nb _ me ch o h ^ _ l nb _ cl ] b ch *
H [ h s j [ nc_ h nm n_ff g _ nb [ n i h ] _ ch [ q b cf_ ^ o l ch a nb _ `cl mn ` _ q g i h nb m [ `ì
n_ l mo l a _ l s ( i o n i ` nb _ \ fo _ ( nb _ s q cff a _ n [ mo ^ ^ _ h _ f_ ] nl c] mb i ] e i l \ o t t
mi g _ q b _ l _ ch nb _ h _ ] e i l ] b _ _ e nb [ n f[ mnm [ mj fcn m_ ] i h ^ [ h ^ nb _ h ^ cm[ j ì
j _ [ l m* D ] [ ff nb _ m_ t ch a _ l m* Dn#m nb _ h _ l p _ m ] i g ch a \ [ ] e ni fc`_ ( [ h ^ nb [ n(
ni i ( cm ] i g g i h [ h ^ h i l g [ f( [ h ^ q cff ^ cm[ j j _ [ l [ `n_ l [ ` _ q g i l _ g i h nb m*
@[ l fs i h ( nb _ l _ g [ s \ _ [ l c^ a _ nb [ n s i o ] [ h m_ _ i l `_ _f o h ^ _ l nb _ me ch
[ fi h a nb _ j [ nb q b _ l _ i h _ i l g i l _ i ` nb _ ^ l [ ch ] [ nb _ n_ l m b [ ^ \ _ _ h * J ` ì
n_ h [ fcnnf_ ] s fch ^ _ l i ` \ fi i ^ ] fi n ` i l g m [ l i o h ^ nb _ ] [ nb _ n_ l ( [ h ^ cn ] [ h n[ e _
[ g i h nb i l nq i ` i l nb [ n ni a i [ q [ s * Ni g _ me ch j f_ [ nm i l j o ] e _ l m g [ s
[ fmi ` i l g \ _ b ch ^ s i o l _ [ l i l \ _ fi q nb _ _ [ l fi \ _ q b _ l _ nb _ me ch b [ m a [ nb ì
_ l _ ^ * Ob _ m_ ` i f^ m o mo [ ffs mg i i nb i o n q cnb ncg _ [ h ^ g [ mm[ a _ ( \ o n nb [ n(
ni i ( ] [ h n[ e _ m_ p_ l [ f g i h nb m*
R b _ h s i o ] i g _ \ [ ] e ni m_ _ g _ [ n s i o l nb l _ _ g i h nb i ` ` c] _ pcmcn( s i o
mb i o f^ fi i e p _ l s a i i ^ ( \ o n s i o mncff q i h #n \ _ [ n s i o l \ _ mn* J ` n_ h nb _
[ l _ [ o h ^ _ l s i o l ] b ch i l s i o l fi q _ l ] b _ _ e m cm mncff [ fcnnf_ mq i ff_ h ( [ h ^ c` D
nl cg i o n j [ l n i ` nb _ m[ fcp[ l s a f[ h ^ ( nb [ n [ l _ [ [ fmi ] [ h mncff \ _ [ fcnnf_ j o ``s *
Q_ l s i ` n_ h j [ nc_ h nm fi i e \ _ nn_ l [ n [ s _ [ l [ `n_ l mo l a _ l s nb [ h [ n nb l _ _
g i h nb m j i mni j _ l [ ncp_ fs *
J h ] _ ch [ q b cf_ ( [ g c^ fch _ l c^ a _ q cff ` i l g [ fi h a nb _ mo no l _ fch_ q b _ l _ nb _
nq i mc^ _ m i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f_ [ l _ m_ q h ni a _ nb _ l o h ^ _ l s i o l ] b ch *
Ob cm ^ i _ mh #n b [ j j _ h i ` n_ h ( [ h ^ q b _ h cn ^ i _ m( s i o o mo [ ffs ] [ h i h fs m_ _ cn
i l `__f cn q b _ h s i o l b _ [ ^ cm ncfn_ ^ \ [ ] e * R cnb ncg _ ( cn n_ h ^ m ni mi ` n_ h [ h ^
l_ f[ r [ h ^ ] [ h \ _ ca h i l _ ^ ( \ o n c` cn j _ l mcmnm [ h ^ q _ ^ i h #n l _ [ ffs fce _ cn( D ] [ h
a i \ [ ] e mo l a c] [ ffs [ h ^ nl s ni `cr cn*
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nb _ m_ m] [ l m ni ] i g j f_ n_ fs ` [ ^ _ [ h ^ `f[ nn_ h * Ai l [ q b cf_ s i o g [ s q [ h n ni
^ [ \ [ fcnnf_ g [ e _ o j i h nb _ m] [ l o h ^ _ l nb _ ] b ch ni ] i h ] _ [ f cn \ _ nn_ l * < h ^ c`
[ h s i ` nb _ m] [ l m mn[ l nm ni a _ n g i l _ nb [ h [ fcnnf_ \ o g j s i l _ f_ p[ n_ ^ ( s i o

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nb _ m] [ l q cnb ] i l ncmi h _ ni ` f[ nn_ h cn* Ni g _ ncg _ m l _ j _ [ n ch d_ ] nci h m g [ s \ _
h _ ] _ mm[ l s *
Ti o mb i o f^ e h i q nb [ n [ fg i mn _ p _ l s j [ nc_ h n n_ ffm g _ nb [ n cn n[ e _ m [ \ i o n .
q _ _ e m [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s \ _ ` i l _ b _ i l mb _ l _ a [ ch m h i l g [ f _ h _ l a s f_ p_ f* D#g h i n
mo l _ q b s nb [ n cm( j _ l b [ j m cn#m nb _ [ h _ mnb _ mc[ ( i l g [ s \ _ cn#m ` l i g nb _
mnl _ mm i ` mo l a _ l s ( \ o n q b [ n_ p _ l cn cm( [ n . i #] fi ] e ch nb _ [ ` n_ l h i i h s i o #ff
j l i \ [ \ fs `_ _ f fce _ s i o #p _ l o h i o n i ` mn_ [ g ( [ h ^ q [ h n ni fc_ ^ i q h [ h ^ n[ e _
[ h [ j * ? i cn* Dn#m j _ l ` _ ] nfs h i l g [ f( [ h ^ cn#m n_ g j i l [ l s ( mi ^ i h #n q i l l s ( [ h ^
do mn a i q cnb nb _ ` fi q *
< m ` i l _ r _ l ] cm_ [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ã h i nb ch a mnl _ h o i o m ` i l [ n f_ [ mn m_ p_ l [ f
q _ _ e m* Ni g _ p _ l s fca b n [ l g q _ ca b nm [ h ^ ( [ fcnnf_ g i ^ _ l [ n_ nl _ [ ^ g cff q i l e (
[ l _ i e [ s [ ` n_ l - , ^ [ s m i l mi * = o n ^ i h #n m] l o \ nb _ ` fi i l ( i l l _ [ l l [ h a _ nb _
` o l h cno l _ ( i l fc_ i h s i o l \ [ ] e [ h ^ ^ i mcnm o j m( i l f_ a fc`nm( i l s i a [ ( i l di a [
` _ q g cf_ m ` i l [ n f_ [ mn / i l 0 q _ _ e m* B cp _ s i o l h _ ] e [ h ^ ` [ ] _ ncg _ ni \ _ ì
a ch ni b _ [ f mi s i o q i h #n mncl o j h _ q \ f_ _ ^ ch a i l mq _ ffch a i l j o ff mi g _ ì
nb ch a [ j [ l n* O[ e _ cn _ [ ms ` i l [ q b cf_ ( [ h ^ nb _ h mn[ l n ch mfi q fs ( [ h ^ f_n ] i g ì
` i l n \ _ s i o l a o c^ _ * D` s i o `_ _ f nca b n i l mi g _ nb ch a b o l nm( mni j ( q [ cn [ ` _ q
^ [ s m( [ h ^ nb _ h nl s [ a [ ch * Dn g [ s n[ e _ [ ` _ q q _ _ e m( [ g i h nb ( i l _ p_ h
fi h a _ l \ _ ` i l _ s i o #l _ \ [ ] e ni s i o l o mo [ f l i o nch _ * N[ g _ ` i l a i f` [ h ^ n_ h h cm*
R [ cn [ g i h nb [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s [ h ^ nb _ h a i i o n [ h ^ b cn mi g _ \ [ ffm [ n nb _ ^ l cp ì
ch a l [ h a _ ( i l l [ ffs _ [ mcfs q cnb [ n_ h h cm j [ l nh _ l ni m_ _ b i q s i o `_ _ f* R b _ h
s i o `_ _ f s i o #l _ l _ [ ^ s ( j f[ s [ ` _ q b i f_ m i l [ a [ g _ i l nq i ( [ h ^ \ _ j l _ j [ l _ ^
ni mni j c` s i o ^ i h #n `_ _ f a i i ^ * = o n j f[ s ch nb _ ] fo \ ] b [ g j ci h mb cj do mn \ _ ì
` i l _ ( h i n l ca b n [ `n_ l ( s i o l h _ ] e fc`n*
Dn#m [ a i i ^ c^ _ [ ni a _ n s i o l b [ cl ] i fi l _ ^ do mn \ _ ` i l _ mo l a _ l s mi cn q cff f[ mn
` i l [ q b cf_ * Ti o ] [ h ] i fi l cn [ a [ ch [ \ i o n nb l _ _ q _ _ e m [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s * Ti o
] [ h a _ n [ j l i ` _ mmci h [ f \ i ^ s g [ mm[ a _ fs ch a i h s i o l \ [ ] e [ ` _ q q _ _ e m [ ` ì
n_ l mo l a _ l s ( \ o n h i `[ ] c[ f i l h _ ] e g [ mm[ a _ m \ s [ g [ mm_ o m_ ` i l nb l _ _
g i h nb m( [ h ^ h i g [ mm[ a _ m q b _ l _ s i o #ff \ _ fs ch a i h s i o l \ _ ffs q cnb s i o l
` [ ] _ ch [ ^ i o a b h o n mo j j i l n ` i l nb l _ _ g i h nb m*
O< GF < = J P O MDNFN Ob _ ] i h mo fn[ nci h ch ] fo ^ _ m [ ] [ h ^ c^ ^ cm] o mmci h i ` j i mmc\ f_ l cme m( j l i \ f_ g m( [ h ^
] i g j fc] [ nci h m* D \ _ a ch \ s n_ ffch a j [ nc_ h nm nb [ n g i mn i ` nb _ \ [ ^ nb ch a m nb [ n ] [ h
b [ j j _ h [ l _ n_ g j i l [ l s ( [ h ^ c` nb _ s q [ cn cn i o n( nb i m_ nb ch a m q cff [ fg i mn [ fq [ s m
a _ n \ _ nn_ l * D nb _ h [ ^ ^ l _ mm m_ p_ l [ f mj _ ] c` c] j l i \ f_ g m*