Neck Lift

\ SQY ZW
Tb
Ob _ m_ nq i g [ f_ j [ nc_ h nm _ [ ] b b [ ^
[ h cmi f[ n_ ^ h _ ] e fc`n nb [ n ch ] fo ^ _ ^ [
mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f fcj _ ] ni g s ( [ j _ l cb s i c^
` [ m] c[ l _ f_ [ m_ ( [ h ^ [ fi q $mo j l [ b s ì
i c^ % j [ l nc[ f nl [ h m_ ] nci h i ` nb _ [ h n_ ì
l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m*
Dh [ ^ ^ cnci h ni [ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f fcj _ ] ì
ni g s [ h ^ [ NC AM( \ i nb i ` nb _ m_ ` _ ì
g [ f_ j [ nc_ h nm b [ ^ [ h _ [ l )] i g j f_ n_
mo j l [ b s i c^ nl [ h m_ ] nci h i ` nb _ [ h n_ ì
l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m nb [ n _ r n_ h ^ _ ^
i o n f[ n_l [ ffs ni nb _ ] [ j mo f_ m i ` nb _
mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp[ l s a f[ h ^ m [ h ^
ch ] fo ^ _ ^ [ j [ l nc[ f ^ cpcmci h i ` nb _ f[ nì
_l[ f ` c\ l i o m [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ *

H
n a c P ^ ZObga [
OZ OS a bVS bW
Q a c `US `g
J ] ] [ mci h [ ffs D#ff ^ cm] i p _ l ^ o l ch a mo l a _ l s h i n
i h fs \ i q )m nl o h a j _ l cb s i c^ ` [ m] c[ [ h ^ fi q _ l
^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m( \ o n [ fmi nb [ n nb _ ` o ff b _ ca b n
i ` nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m cm ncfn_ ^ p _ l ì
nc] [ ffs * O b cm g o m] f _ i \ fck o cns ] [ h \ _ ` i o h ^ ch
h _ ] e m ch q b c] b nb _ b s i c^ cm ch [ h i l g [ f j i mcì
nci h ( i l ch h _ ] e m q b _ l _ nb _ b s i c^ cm fi q _ l i l
g i l _ [ h n_ l ci l nb [ h o mo [ f* D` nb _ g o m] f_ m [ l _
h i n \ o fe s [ h ^ ^ i h i n l _ k o cl _ j [ l nc[ f l _ m_ ] nci h (
Dj _ l ` i l g g o fncj f_ nl [ h m p _ l m _ ] i [ a o ] o nm( j [ l ì
nc[ ffs i l ] i g j f_ n_ fs nb l i o a b nb _ g o m] f_ $mi g _ ì
ncg _ m _ p _ h ch ni nb _ o h ^ _ l fs ch a g s fi b s i c^ g o m ì
] f_ % ni a [ ch f_ h a nb [ h ^ [ g i l _ nl [ h mp _ l m_ fc_ ã
[ g [ h _ o p _ l D] [ ff [ TI L L M ZM L \ ZI V [ M K\ QW V &
O b cm j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ [ m o \ ] o n[ h _ i o m [ h ^ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f fcj _ ] ni g s ( [
N C AM ( [ h ^ [ f[ ^ ^ _ l _ ^ nl [ h m_ ] nci h i ` p _ l nc] [ ffs ncfn_ ^ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mì
nl c] g o m] f_ m* O b cm cg j l i p _ ^ nb _ ] _ l p c] i g _ h n[ f [ h a f_ ( \ o n ^ c^ h i n
_ h ncl _ fs ` f[ nn_ h nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f j f[ h _ *

\ SQY ZW
Tb
H D? GDI @ < KKMJ S DH < ODJ I J A
? DB< NOMD> H P N> G@N
R b _ h j _ l ` i l g ch a [ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f fcj _ ] ni g s ( D f i i e ` i l [ h ^ o m o [ f ì
fs n l s n i f _ [ p _ ch j f [ ] _ [ h s ` [ n n b [ n g [ s \ _ j l _ m _ h n \ _ n q _ _ h
n b _ [ h n _ l ci l \ _ ffc_ m i ` n b _ ^ ca [ m n l c] g o m ] f _ m ã [ m D ^ c^ ` i l nb _ j [ ì
nc_ h n \ _ f i q !\ WX"& C i q _ p _ l ( c` D b [ j j _ h ni l _ g i p _ ni i g o ] b i `
nb cm ch n_ l ^ ca [ mnl c] g c^ fch _ ` [ n( i l c` n b _ [ h n _ l ci l ^ ca [ m n l c] g o m ] f _ m
[ l _ m cg j f s ` i o h ^ n i \ _ q c ^ _ f s m _ j [ l [ n _ ^ q c n b [ ` [ n f _ m m ` [ o f n
\ _ n q _ _ h n b _ n q i !J W\ \ WU "$ q cnb nb _ j i n_ h nc[ f nb [ n [ mfca b n g c^ ì
fch _ ^ _ j l _ mmci h g ca b n \ _ h i nc] _ [ \ f_ [ ` n_ l [ ] i l m_ n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns (
D q cff `cff ch nb _ g c^ fch _ nl _ h ] b \ s m _ q c h a n b _ g o m ] f _ m n i a _ n b _ l
q c n b [ l o h h ch a m o n o l _ * O b _ g c^ fch _ [ j j l i r cg [ nci h g [ s [ fmi e _ _ j
nb _ g s fi b s i c^ g o m] f_ ` l i g \ o fa ch a ^ i q h q [ l ^ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ n q i
[ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m*

H n a c P^ ZObga [
OZ OS a bVS bW
Q a c `US `g
O b _ ch p _ l nch a mo no l _ cm l o h ni j ni \ i nni g
[ h ^ \ [ ] e o j [ a [ ch ( [ h ^ nb _ h cm nc_ ^ ni cnm_ f`*
O b _ g o m] f_ cm p _ l s ` l [ a cf_ ( [ h ^ D [ g ] [ l _ ` o f
h i n ni j o ff o j nca b nfs i h nb _ mncn] b ni [ p i c^
n_ [ l ch a nb _ g o m] f_ * Do m_ [ / ), K ? N mo no l _
i h [ n[ j _ l h _ _ ^ f_ * O b _ g o m] f_ _ ^ a _ m [ l _
l i ff_ ^ ch ni nb _ g c^ fch _ a [ j fce _ [ g ch c] i l m_ n*
D [ fmi j _ l ` i l g [ g c^ fch _ j fc] [ nci h i ` nb _ [ h ì
n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] m c` nb _ g o m ] f _ m [ j j _ [ l ni
\ _ g i ^ _ l [ n_ f s j l i no \ _ l [ h n* ? _ ] c^ _ ^ fs \ ca (
\ o fe s [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m( i h nb _ i nb _ l
b [ h ^ ( l _ k o cl _ [ mb [ p _ l _ m_ ] nci h 7 b i q _ p _ l (
g cf^ fs ] i h p _ r g o m ] f _ \ _ ffc_ m ] [ h \ _ h c] _ fs
] i g j [ ] n_ ^ [ h ^ f_ p _ f_ ^ q cn b [ l o h h ch a cg ì
\ l c] [ nci h mo no l _ *

\ SQY ZW
Tb
Ob cm j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ g i ^ _ l [ n_ fs ` o ff [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m( q b c] b
q _ l _ ` f[ nn_ h _ ^ q cnb [ nq i )f[ s _ l cg \ l c] [ nch a [ h ^ ch p_ l nch a g c^ fch _
mo no l _ *
NC ODJ I J A OC@ < I O@MDJ M
? DB H P N>G@N
? _ mj cn_ g s _ [ l fc_ l mn[ n_ g _ h n nb [ n cn cm i ` n_ h ^ c` ` c] o fn ni ^ _ n_ l g ch _
q cnb ] _ l n[ ch ns nb _ ] b [ l [ ] n_ l i ` mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ncmmo _ m( cn cm k o cn_
fce _ fs nb [ n mi g _ ^ cm] l _ n_ mo \ g _ h n[ f \ o fa _ m ch nb ch )h _ ] e _ ^ j [ ì
nc_ h nm $j [ l nc] o f[ l fs nb i m_ nb [ n a _ n \ ca a _ l q b _ h nb _ j [ nc_ h n mq [ fì
fi q m% [ l _ ] [ o m_ ^ \ s \ ca [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ mã [ m ch ^ _ _ ^
q _ l _ nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f \ o fa _ m m_ _ h ch nb _ j [ nc_ h n m b i q h \ _ fi q *
Ob cm j [ nc_ h n [ fmi b [ ^ f[ l a _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp[ l s a f[ h ^ mã q cnb
nb _ a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ m fi ] [ n_ ^ do mn f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m ì
] f_ \ o fa _ m*

H n ac P^ ZObga[
OZ OSa bVSbW
Q a c `US`g
> i h h _ ff q [ m ` cl mn ni ^ _ m] l c\ _ [ j [ l nc[ f l _ m_ ] nci h i ` f[ l a _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] m*0)1 D
^ i h #n j _ l ` i l g ^ ca [ m nl c] m b [ p _ m p _ l s i ` n_ h ( [ ` _ q ncg _ m [ s _ [ l [ n g i mn( \ _ ì
] [ o m_ D ^ i h #n i ` n_ h _ h ] i o h n_ l p _ l s f[ l a _ ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m* H i ^ _ l [ n_ fs `off ^ cì
a [ mnl c] m( q b c] b [ l _ g i l _ ] i g g i h ( [ l _ b [ h ^ f_ ^ q cnb nb _ ch p_ l nch a g c^ fch _ mo ì
no l _ mb i q h i h nb _ j l _ ] _ ^ ch a j [ a _ m* = o n c` i h _ i l \ i nb i ` nb _ g o m] f_ m cm nl o fs
\ ca [ h ^ \ o fe s ( i h _ i l \ i nb q cff h _ _ ^ ni \ _ nl cg g _ ^ ã fce _ nb i m_ mb i q h [ \ i p _ ã
ni [ pi c^ [ j i mni j _ l [ ncp _ mo \ g _ h n[ f ] i h p_ r cns *
Ob _ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp_ mo \ g _ h n[ f \ o fa _
mb i q h ch nb _ m_ nq i j [ nc_ h nm q [ m
j l i ^ o ] _ ^ ch f[ l a _ j [ l n \ s \ ca [ h n_ ì
l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m* Ob _ g o m] f_ m
q _ l _ mb [ p _ ^ ^ i q h ( [ h ^ nb _ l _ g [ ch ì
ch a nb ch h _ ^ g o m] f_ mnl cj m q _ l _ nb _ h
[ j j l i r cg [ n_ ^ [ n nb _ g c^ fch _ q cnb [
l o h h ch a mo no l _ *

\ SQY ZW
Tb
P mch a nb _ _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s ( D m b [ p _ i ` ` do mn _ h i o a b \ o fe ` l i g nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f
mo l ` [ ] _ i ` nb _ g o m ] f _ m ni ` f[ nn_ h n b _ g ã q b c] b o mo [ ffs g _ [ h m l _ g i p ch a
[ \ i o n b [ f` i ` nb _ g o m] f_ \ _ ffs * I i n ch ` l _ k o _ h nfs ( nb _ g o m] f_ \ _ ffc_ m [ l _ [ m s g ì
g _ nl c] [ f ch mct _ ( [ h ^ mi g i l _ h _ _ ^ m ni \ _ n[ e _ h ` l i g i h _ nb [ h nb _ i nb _ l * O b _
j [ l nc[ f l _ m_ ] nci h mb i o f^ f_ [ p _ [ h _ k o [ ffs ` f[ n l c\ \ i h i ` g o m] f_ i h _ [ ] b mc^ _ *
$Ob _ ch nl [ i j _ l [ ncp _ j b i ni m [ l _ i ` nb _ g [ f_ j [ nc_ h n i h nb _ j l _ ] _ ^ ch a j [ a _ *%

N î
mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f [ _ m nb _ nc] m o l a _ l s
= ca \ o fe s [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] m [ l _ g i m n i ` n_ h ` i o h ^ ch \ ca \ o fe s
h _ ] e m( q b _ l _ nb _ s [ l _ _ [ mcfs b c^ ^ _ h o h ncf nb _ j f [ ns m g [ cm
i j _ h _ ^ (
[ h ^ nb _ i p _ l fs ch a
m o \ j f [ ns m g [ f ` [ n b [ m
\ _ _ h
l _ ì
g i p _ ^ *
Ob cm j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ [ h cmi f[ n_ ^ h _ ] e fc`n nb [ n ch ] fo ^ _ ^ [ h _ r n_ h mcp _
mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m fcj _ ] ni g s ( [ ] i h mc^ _ l [ \ f_ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f fcj _ ] ni g s (
[ mo j l [ b s i c^ ` [ m] c[ l _ f_ [ m_ ( [ h ^ h _ ] e me ch l _ ^ cmnl c\ o nci h * D ^ c^
_ p _ l s nb ch a nb [ n h _ _ ^ _ ^ ni \ _ ^ i h _ _ r ] _ j n ni j _ l ` i l g [ j [ l nc[ f l _ ì
m_ ] nci h i ` b _ l \ ca [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m* O b _ _ p c^ _ h ] _ i ` nb [ n
i p _ l mca b n cm nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f \ o fa _ [ j j [ l _ h n i h nb _ j i mni j _ l [ ncp _
j b i ni a l [ j b *
Db [ p _ l _ g i p _ ^ h _ [ l fs [ ff i ` nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m ch i h fs
[ ` _ q j [ nc_ h nm( q cnb h i [ j j [ l _ h n ` o h ] nci h [ f ^ _ ` _ ] n nb _ l _ [ ` n_ l *
C i q _ p _ l ( Dj l _ ` _ l ni _ r ] cm_ h i g i l _ i ` nb _ g o m] f_ m nb [ h cm h _ ] _ mì
m[ l s * M _ g _ g \ _ l nb [ n nb _ m_ g o m] f_ m j [ l nc] cj [ n_ ch i j _ h ch a nb _
g i o nb [ h ^ mq [ ffi q ch a * Ao l nb _ l g i l _ ( [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ l _ ì
m_ ] nci h o mo [ ffs ` i ffi q m [ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m mo \ g _ h n[ f fcj _ ] ni g s [ h ^
[ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f fcj _ ] ni g s * Ob _ l _ ` i l _ ( c` h _ [ l fs [ ff i ` nb _ [ h n_ l ci l
^ ca [ mnl c] m [ l _ l _ g i p _ ^ ( nb _ l _ g ca b n \ _ [ h ch ] l _ [ m_ ^ l cme i ` j l i ì
^ o ] ch a [ mo \ g _ h n[ f b i ffi q ^ _ mj cn_ [ h ch ` i f^ ch a g c^ fch _ j f[ ns mì
g [ j f[ mns *

\ SQY ZW
Tb
OC @ ADMH J = GDL P @ I @> F
< ] i g g i h f s _ h ] i o h n_ l _ ^ a l i o j i ` j [ nc_ h nm b [ p _ h _ ] e m ] b [ l [ ] ì
n_ l ct _ ^ \ s [ g [ l e _ ^ i \ fck o cns i ` n b _ ] _ l p c] i g _ h n[ f [ h a f_ ( [ fi h a
q c n b [ ^ _ ] c^ _ ^ f s ` cl g ` _ _ f n i n b _ o j j _ l g c^ fch _ i ` n b _ h _ ] e *
J ` n_ h nb _ m_ j [ nc_ h nm ^ cmj f[ s h i j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f _
\ [ h ^ m* = o n h i n ch ` l _ k o _ h nfs ( nb _ s b [ p _ mg [ ff ] b ch m* D ] [ ff nb cm ^ _ ì
` i l g cns nb _ ` cl g i \ fck o _ h _ ] e ( i l A J I ` i l mb i l n*
> i h h _ f f/ [ nnl c\ o n_ ^ [ ` cl g i \ fck o _ h _ ] e ni p _ l nc] [ ffs mb i l n j f[ ns mg [
g o m] f _ m ( [ h ^ l _ ] i g g _ h ^ _ ^ [ j [ l nc[ f)q c^ nb i l ` o f f)q c^ nb nl [ h m _ ] ì
nci h i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ni a [ ch p _ l nc] [ f f_ h a nb * H [ l ch i _ n [ f4 j l i ì
j i m _ ^ nb [ n nb _ [ h [ ni g c] [ f ] o fj l cn j l cg [ l cfs l _ mj i h mc\ f_ ` i l nb cm
mf[ h n_ ^ h _ ] e ^ _ ` i l g cns q [ m [ f i q )j i m cnci h _ ^ i l [ h n_ l ci l fs j i m cì
nci h _ ^
b s i c^
\ i h _ nb [ n
cg j i m _ ^
[ p _ l nc] [ f
ch ] fch [ nci h
ni nb _
mo j l [ b s i c^ g o m] o f [ no l _ ( \ o n b _ i ` ` _ l _ ^ h i mi fo nci h ni nb _ j l i \ ì
f_ g * > i ffch m [ h ^ @ j e _ l .
m o a a _ m n_ ^ [ ^ _ n[ ] b g _ h n i ` nb _ a _ h ci ì
b s i c^ [ h ^ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m ] f _ m [ n nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ ( q cnb [ j i m ì
n_ l ci l l _ j i mcnci h ch a [ h ^ ` cr [ nci h i ` nb _ l _ f_ [ m_ ^ g o m ] f _ m o mch a
mo no l _ m j [ mm_ ^ nb l i o a b nb _ ` fi i l i ` nb _ g i o nb [ h ^ m_ ] o l _ ^ ni
nb _ m _ ] i h ^ g i f[ l m* B o s o l i h 3 l _ ] i g g _ h ^ _ ^ nb _ ] i g j f _ n_ nl [ h ì
m_ ] nci h i ` nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] ( g s fi b s i c^ ( [ h ^ a _ h ci b s i c^ g o m ì
] f_ m do mn o h ^ _ l nb _ ] _ h nl [ f g [ h ^ c\ f_ ni [ ff i q nb _ mns fi b s i c^ [ h ^
j i mn_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m ] f _ m ni j o ff nb _ b s i c^ \ [ ] e q [ l ^ [ h ^ o j ì
q [ l ^ ni a [ ch [ ` f[ nn_ l m o \ g _ h n[ f j f[ h _ [ h ^ [ ^ _ _ j _ l b s i c^ [ h a f_
[ q _ ff )l _ [ m i h _ ^ i j _ l [ nci h *
H s ` l _ k o _ h n ` i l [ s m ch ni nb _ ` cl g i \ fck o _ h _ ] e b [ p _ f_ ` n g _ q cnb [
^ c` ` _ l _ h n cg j l _ mmci h l _ a [ l ^ ch a nb _ o mo [ f ] [ o m _ i ` nb _ ` cl g i \ fck o _
h _ ] e ( [ h ^ [ ^ c` ` _ l _ h n [ j j l i [ ] b ni cnm ] i l l _ ] nci h *
Dh g s _ r j _ l c_ h ] _ ( _ p _ h q b _ h nb _ h _ ] e [ h a f_ cm k o cn_ i \ no m _ [ h ^
nb _ j f[ ns mg [ g o m ] f _ [ j j _ [ l m ni \ _ mnl _ n] b _ ^ k o cn_ nca b n( n b _
j f [ ns m g [ cm l [ l _ f s c` _ p _ l p _ l nc] [ f f s m b i l n( [ h ^ mi cn l [ l _ f s c`
_ p _ l cm ch h _ _ ^ i ` nl [ h m _ ] nci h *
< m ` i l [ g [ fj i mcnci h i ` nb _ b s i c^ ( cn g [ s ch ^ _ _ ^ j f[ s [ l i f_ ch
g [ h s ` cl g i \ fck o _ h _ ] e m( \ o n [ m [ j l [ ] nc] [ f g [ nn_ l ( b s i c^ j i mcnci h
l [ l _ f s ch ` f o _ h ] _ m b i q D n l _ [ n [ ` cl g i \ fck o _ h _ ] e ( [ h ^ i h fs ch ` l _ ì
k o _ h nfs ch ` fo _ h ] _ m b i q mo ] ] _ m m` o f nb _ i o n] i g _ cm*
D\ _ fc_ p _ nb [ n n b _ j l ch ] cj [ f ] [ o m _ i ` g i m n ` cl g i \ fck o _ h _ ] e m cm
[ h _ r ] _ m m i ` ^ _ h m _ m o \ j f [ n s m g [ f ` [ n n b [ n ` cffm [ h ^ \ f o h nm nb _
b s i c^ [ h a f_ ( g [ e ch a nb _ m o \ g _ h n[ f g c^ fch _ ` _ _ f ` cl g c` h i n b [ l ^ (
[ h ^ ^ cmn_ h ^ ch a nb _ j f [ ns mg [ m i n[ o nfs nb [ n j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m [ l _

7 & a c P ^ ZObg a [
OZ OS a bVS bW
Q a c `US `g
i ` n_ h h i n m_ _ h ã _ p _ h nb i o a b nb _ g _ ^ c[ f j f[ ns mg [ _ ^ a _ m [ l _ i ` ì
n_ h q c^ _ f s m_ j [ l [ n_ ^ * O b _ o h ^ _ l f s ch a j _ l cb s i c^ ` [ m] c[ [ h ^ [ h n_ ì
l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m ] f _ m ( b i q _ p _ l ( i ` n_ h [ l _ p _ l nc] [ f f s m b i l n [ h ^
\ i q ) m n l o h a [ ] l i m m nb _ b s i c^ [ h a f_ *
H s mo l a c] [ f [ j j l i [ ] b ni n b _ ` cl g i \ fck o _ h _ ] e ( ` cl mn j l _ m_ h n_ ^
ch - 5 5 . (2 ch ] i l j i l [ n_ m [ ff i ` nb _ n_ ] b h ck o _ m ^ _ m] l c\ _ ^ ch nb _ j l _ ì
] _ ^ ch a j [ a _ m i ` nb cm ] b [ j n_ l * D\ _ a ch q cnb [ h [ ^ _ k o [ n_ o h ^ _ l g ch ì
ch a [ h ^ l _ f_ [ m_ i ` nb _ mnl _ n] b _ ^ j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f_ m( ` i ffi q _ ^ \ s
[ h [ ^ _ k o [ n_ _ r ] cmci h i ` nb _ a l cnns mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n( [ h ^ c` h _ _ ^ ì
_ ^ ( [ mo j l [ b s i c^ i l j _ l cb s i c^ ` [ m] c[ l _ f_ [ m_ ( [ h ^ j i mmc\ fs [ f i q
l _ f_ [ m_ i l f[ ^ ^ _ l _ ^ nl [ h m_ ] nci h i ` nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m(
[ h ^ l [ l _ fs ( [ j [ l nc[ f l _ f_ [ m_ i ` nb _ g s fi b s i c^ g o m] f_ *
Ai l j [ nc_ h nm q cnb [ ` cl g i \ fck o _ h _ ] e [ h ^ [ mg [ ff ] b ch ( [ h [ ffi j f[ mì
nc] cg j f[ h n cm [ ^ ^ _ ^ * = o n m i g _ j [ nc_ h nm q cnb [ ^ cmnch ] nfs i \ fck o _
] _ l p c] i g _ h n[ f [ h a f_ b [ p _ [ j m _ o ^ i g c] l i a _ h c[ ( [ h ^ i h ] _ [ ` f[ n
mo \ g _ h n[ f j f[ h _ [ h ^ h _ [ l fs [ ] o n_ b s i c^ [ h a f_ [ l _ _ mn[ \ fcmb _ ^ ( nb _
] b ch q cff \ _ m_ _ h ni b [ p _ [ h [ ^ _ k o [ n_ [ h ^ [ _ mnb _ nc] [ ffs j f_ [ mch a
j l i g ch _ h ] _ *
O b _ ch ^ cmj _ h m[ \ f_ _ h [ \ f_ l i ` [ mo ] ] _ m m` o f ] i l l _ ] nci h i ` nb _ ` cl g
i \ fck o _ h _ ] e cm nb _ ] i l m _ n j f [ ns m g [ j f [ m ns ( q b c] b ] i p _ l m nb _
[ l _ [ i ` _ r ] [ p [ nci h q cnb [ mn[ \ f_ g o m] o f[ l ] [ l j _ n nb [ n m g i i nb _ m
[ h ^ mi ` n_ h m [ h s l _ g [ ch ch a mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f cl l _ a o f[ l cnc_ m* C i q _ p _ l (
ni ] i h mnl o ] n nb _ ] i l m_ n ch m i g _ ` cl g i \ fck o _ h _ ] e m q cnb q c^ _ fs
m_ j [ l [ n_ ^ [ h ^ nca b nfs \ i o h ^ j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f_ m( nb _ j f [ ns m g [ ` l _ ì
k o _ h nf s h _ _ ^ m ni \ _ m b [ l j f s o h ^ _ l ] o n ` o l nb _ l f[ n_ l [ ffs [ h ^ ch n_ ì
l ci l fs nb [ h o mo [ f*
I i h _ nb _ f_ mm( i h ] _ ch [ a l _ [ n q b cf_ ( _ p _ h [ ` [ l )l [ h a ch a o h ^ _ l g ch ì
ch a i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ i h _ [ ] b mc^ _ cm h i n _ h i o a b ni mo ` ` c] c_ h nfs
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m_ h m_ i ` f[ l a _ h _ mm ] [ o m_ ^ \ s nb _ q [ s nb _ a f[ h ^ mcnm ch nb _
h _ ] e $] [ o m_ ^ \ s [ l _ f[ ncp _ fs mg [ ff i l ] [ o ^ [ f h _ mnch a j f[ ] _ %( i l cm
nb _ m_ h m_ i ` f[ l a _ h _ mm mcg j fs ] [ o m_ ^ \ s [ ^ _ p _ f i j g _ h n[ f j ni mcm
i ` nb _ a f[ h ^ ; J l cm cn nb _ l _ mo fn i ` mi g _ ] i g \ ch [ nci h i ` nb _ m _
` [ ] ni l m;
N i g _ j _ i j f_ ( cn q i o f ^ m_ _ g ( [ l _ ] i h a _ h cn[ ffs \ o cfn ni m b i q [ h
N H N B \ o fa _ ( do mn [ m m i g _ j _ i j f_ [ l _ \ i l h q cnb j l i g ch _ h n _ s _ m*
Ob cm / , )s _ [ l )i f ^ )q i g [ h ] i h mo fn_ ^ q cnb g _ [ \ i o n [ l b ch i j f[ mns *
C _ l _ h ncl _ fs [ ms g j ni g [ nc] N H N B \ o fa _ m q _ l _ [ h ch ] c^ _ h n[ f ` ch ^ ì
ch a ^ _ n_ ] n_ ^ ch nb _ j b i ni m n[ e _ h [ n nb _ ] i h mo fn[ nci h *
No ffcp [ h 4-)4. b [ m [ ffo ^ _ ^ ni [ h i n s _ n ] i h ] fo ^ _ ^ mno ^ s ni ^ _ n_ l g ch _
q b _ nb _ l nb _ o mo [ f ] [ o m_ ` i l [ \ o fa _ cm a f[ h ^ j ni mcm i l a f[ h ^ _ h ì
f[ l a _ g _ h n* C _ [ h ^ b cm [ mmi ] c[ n_ m [ l _ g _ [ mo l ch a a f[ h ^ mct _ [ h ^
j i mcnci h \ s H MD ch [ f[ l a _ h o g \ _ l i ` p i fo h n_ _ l m i ` ^ c` ` _ l _ h n [ a _ m*
O b _ j l _ fcg ch [ l s ^ [ n[ mo a a _ mn nb [ n a f[ h ^ ^ _ m] _ h n( l [ nb _ l nb [ h
a f[ h ^ _ h f[ l a _ g _ h n( i ] ] o l m g i l _ ] i g g i h f s i p _ l ncg _ ( \ o n nb _ `cì
h [ f l _ j i l n b [ m h i n s _ n \ _ _ h l _ f_ [ m_ ^ *

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j i l n ` i l n b _ a f [ h ^ ] i o f ^ l _ ` f_ ] n [ m nl _ n] b ch a i o n i ` nb _ ] i h h _ ] ncp _
ncmmo _ ` c\ _ l m q cnb ch nb _ ch p _ mnch a ^ _ _ j ] _ l p c] [ f ` [ m] c[ nb [ n [ h ] b i l
nb _ a f[ h ^ ] [ j m o f _ ch j f[ ] _ ( i l [ m nl _ n] b ch a i ` nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f q [ ff
i ` nb _ a f [ h ^ ] [ j m o f _ cnm_ f` ( i l [ ^ _ a l [ ^ [ nci h ch nb _ m o j j i l n i ` ` _ l _ ^
\ s nb _ i p _ l fs ch a mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ] _ l p c] [ f ` [ m] c[ $nb _ j f [ ns mg [ %* < h s
i h _ i ` nb i m _ _ f _ g _ h nm ( i l [ ] i g \ ch [ nci h ( q i o f ^ nb _ h [ f f i q _ p _ h
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i ` [ \ o fa _ ( g [ h s j f[ mnc] m o l a _ i h m \ _ fc_ p _ nb [ n nb _ m o \ g [ h ^ c\ o f [ l
m [ f cp [ l s a f [ h ^ m b [ p _ [ j [ l nc] o f [ l j l i j _ h m cn s n i _ h f [ l a _ i p _ l
n cg _ * O b _ o h ^ _ l f s ch a ] [ o m _ ` i l nb [ n _ h f [ l a _ g _ h n g [ s \ _ l _ ] o l ì
l _ h n _ j cm i ^ _ m i ` ch nl [ a f[ h ^ o f[ l i l ^ o ] n[ f i \ m nl o ] nci h 6 4 , ! ni 5 , !
i ` [ ff m[ fcp [ l s a f[ h ^ m ni h _ m i ] ] o l ch nb _ m o \ g [ h ^ c\ o f [ l a f[ h ^ m(
q b _ l _ [ m i h fs - , ! ni . , ! i ] ] o l ch nb _ j [ l i nc^ a f [ h ^ m [ h ^ - ! ni
3 ! ch nb _ m o \ fch a o [ f a f[ h ^ m*
N o \ g [ h ^ c\ o f [ l m ni h _ m [ l _ g i l _ ] i g g i h nb [ h j [ l i nc^ m ni h _ m
\ _ ] [ o m _ i ` ^ c` ` _ l _ h ] _ m ch nb _ ] i g j i m cnci h i ` nb _ m[ fcp [ m_ ] l _ n_ ^
[ h ^ ^ c` ` _ l _ h ] _ m ch nb _ [ h [ n i g s i ` nb _ cl ^ l [ ch [ a _ m s m n_ g m *å. å/
> i g j [ l _ ^ q cnb j [ l i nc^ a f[ h ^ m _ ] l _ nci h m ( m o \ g [ h ^ c\ o f [ l a f[ h ^
` fo c^ ] i h n[ ch m g i l _ g o ] ch ( g [ e ch a cn nb c] e _ l * Dn [ fmi b [ m [ b ca b _ l
] [ f] co g [ h ^ j b i m j b i l i o m ] i h n_ h n( [ b ca b _ l ] i h ] _ h nl [ nci h i ` b s )
^ l i r s [ j [ ncn_ [ h ^ j b i m j b [ n[ m _ ( [ h ^ cn cm g i l _ [ fe [ fch _ ( q b c] b j l _ ì
^ cm j i m _ m ni nb _ j l _ ] cj cn[ nci h i ` m[ fnm* N ni h _ ` i l g [ nci h ( q b c] b cm
mi fcn[ l s 3 , ! ni 4 , ! i ` nb _ ncg _ ch nb _ N H N B ( i ] ] o l m nb l i o a b
^ _ j i m cnci h i ` ] [ f ] co g j b i m j b [ n_ [ h ^ [ h i l a [ h c] g [ nl cr i ` ] [ l ì
\ i b s ^ l [ n_ m [ h ^ [ g ch i [ ] c^ m [ l i o h ^ [ h c^ o m i ` ^ _ \ l cm i l i nb _ l
g [ n_ l c[ f*å.
< h [ ni g c] [ ffs ( n b _ i l c` c] _ i ` R b [ l n i h #m ^ o ] n o h ^ _ l n b _ n i h a o _ cm
h [ l l i q _ l n b [ h cm n b _ ^ o ] n cnm_ f` ( [ h ^ q b _ h [ j _ l m i h cm _ l _ ] n( nb _
a l [ ^ _ i ` nb _ m o \ g [ h ^ c\ o f [ l ^ o ] n cm o j b cff( g _ [ h ch a nb [ n m[ fcp [
g o m n ` f i q [ a [ ch m n a l [ p cns * @ ca b ns )` cp _ j _ l ] _ h n i ` m o \ g [ h ^ c\ o f [ l
a f[ h ^ m ni h _ m i ] ] o l q cnb ch R b [ l n i h #m ^ o ] n6 / , ! h _ [ l nb _ i m nco g (
. , ! ch nb _ g c^ j i l nci h ( [ h ^ / 1 ! [ n nb _ a _ h o ( q b _ l _ nb _ ^ o ] n
\ _ h ^ m [ l i o h ^ nb _ \ [ ] e i ` nb _ g s f i b s i c^ g o m ] f _ *.-
= _ ] [ o m _ 4 , ! ni 5 , ! i ` N H N B m ni h _ m ] i h n[ ch ] [ f ] co g ( g i m n [ l _
l [ ^ ci j [ k o _ * Kf[ ch l [ ^ ci a l [ j b m( o mo [ ffs [ ` f[ n mo \ fch a o [ f ^ _ h n[ f j f[ n_ (
q cff m b i q g i m n m ni h _ m ( \ o n i ] ] [ m ci h [ f f s [ mg [ ff i l j [ l nc[ ffs ] [ f] cì
` c_ ^ mc[ fi fcnb q cff \ _ g cm m _ ^ * < h i h ] i h nl [ m n > O m] [ h b [ m [ n_ h ` i f^
ch ] l _ [ m_ ^ m_ h mcncp cns i p _ l [ j f[ ch ` cfg 7 b i q _ p _ l ( h i h ] [ f] c` c_ ^ mc[ fì
i fcnb m [ l _ \ _ m n m_ _ h i h [ m c[ fi a l [ g * @ p _ h q cnb nb cm n_ ] b h ck o _ *

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] i j s ] [ h \ _ \ i nb ^ c[ a h i mnc] [ h ^ nb _ l [ j _ o nc] ` i l m_ _ ch a [ h ^ _ r nl [ ] nì
ch a mni h _ m( [ fnb i o a b f[ l a _ mni h _ m g [ s l _ k o cl _ [ h i j _ h j l i ] _ ^ o l _ *05
< h [ ] o n_ _ j cmi ^ _ i ` ] i g j f _ n_ i l h _ [ l fs ] i g j f_ n_ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l
^ o ] n i \ mnl o ] nci h j l i ^ o ] _ m j [ ch [ h ^ mo ^ ^ _ h a f[ h ^ o f[ l mq _ ffch a ( i ` n_ h
\ _ ` i l _ i l ^ o l ch a [ g _ [ f* Ob cm ns j _ i ` i \ mnl o ] nci h o mo [ ffs i ] ] o l m i h fs
[ ` n_ l [ f_ mm_ l ^ _ a l _ _ i ` [ ms g j ni g [ nc] i \ mnl o ] nci h b [ m \ _ _ h j l _ m_ h n
` i l [ l _ f[ ncp_ fs fi h a j _ l ci ^ ( - *1 s _ [ l m i h [ p _ l [ a _ * Dh mi g _ ] [ m_ m( ch ì
` f[ g g [ nci h ( q b c] b g [ s i l g [ s h i n \ _ [ mmi ] c[ n_ ^ q cnb \ [ ] n_ l c[ f ch ` _ ] ì
nci h !@ \ ZM X \ W K W K K] [ ^ QZQL I V[ cm [ ] i g g i h i ` ` _ h ^ ch a j [ nb i a _ h %( ] [ h
] [ o m_ [ ^ o ] n mnl c] no l _ *04#42 > b l i h c] i l l _ ] o l l _ h n _ j cmi ^ _ m i ` [ ] o n_
mc[ f[ ^ _ h cncm g [ s _ p _ h no [ ffs ^ _ mnl i s a f[ h ^ o f[ l ncmmo _ ( l _ mo fnch a ch [ nl i ì
j b s ( h i n b s j _ l nl i j b s ( q cnb nb _ a f[ h ^ j i mmc\ fs \ _ ] i g ch a mi b [ l ^ ni
j [ fj [ nci h nb [ n cn g [ s \ _ g cmn[ e _ h ` i l [ h _ i j f[ mg $F o nnh _ l #m no g i l %*4E
D` mni h _ m [ l _ h i n ni n[ ffs i \ mnl o ] ncp _ ( nb _ a f[ h ^ g [ s mq _ ff ^ o l ch a _ [ nch a
[ h ^ nb _ h a l [ ^ o [ ffs mo \ mc^ _ ( i h fs ni _ h f[ l a _ [ a [ ch [ n nb _ h _ r n g _ [ f*
Dh ` _ ] nci h mi g _ ncg _ m ^ _ p _ fi j m ch nb _ \ [ ] e _ ^ )o j ^ o ] n[ f i l a f[ h ^ o f[ l
j i i fm i ` m[ fcp[ ( f_ [ ^ ch a ni g i l _ m_ p _ l _ j [ ch [ h ^ mq _ ffch a *1)--)/-)11
Al _ k o _ h nfs ( b i q _ p _ l ( f_ mm_ l ^ _ a l _ _ m i ` j [ l nc[ f i \ mnl o ] nci h i ` R b [ l ì
ni h #m ^ o ] n g [ s l _ g [ ch [ m s g j ni g [ nc] \ _ ] [ o m_ i ` nb _ ^ o ] n#m q c^ _
q c^ nb [ h ^ \ _ ] [ o m_ j m_ o ^ i ^ cp _ l nc] o f[ _ i ` n_ h j l i p c^ _ [ q [ s [ l i o h ^
nb _ j [ l nc[ f i \ mnl o ] nci h q b c] b e _ _ j m nb _ m[ fcp[ ` fi q ch a *2)0. 0/ )15
? o l ch a nb _ j [ mn / , s _ [ l m D b [ p _ \ _ _ h mnl o ] e \ s nb _ ` [ ] n nb [ n i h fs [
` _ q j [ nc_ h nm i o n i ` g [ h s b o h ^ l _ ^ m q cnb p cmc\ fs i l j [ fj [ \ fs _ h f[ l a _ ^
mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l a f[ h ^ m l _ ] [ ff_ ^ _ p _ l b [ p ch a b [ ^ [ h s ms g j ni g m i l
mca h m ] i h mcmn_ h n q cnb i \ mnl o ] nch a mni h _ m i l ch ` f[ g g [ nci h i ` nb _
a f[ h ^ * Ao l nb _ l g i l _ ( [ fg i mn [ ff i ` nb _ f[ l a _ a f[ h ^ m nb [ n Db [ p _ l _ g i p _ ^
` i l [ _ mnb _ nc] l _ [ mi h m [ h ^ m_ h n ` i l g c] l i m] i j c] _ r [ g ch [ nci h mb i q _ ^
_ h ncl _ fs h i l g [ f b cmni fi a s * Ob _ m_ ` ch ^ ch a m mo a a _ mn ni g _ nb [ n g i mn
f[ l a _ )[ j j _ [ l ch a a f[ h ^ m q _ l _ h i l g [ f h i h ^ cm_ [ m_ ^ a f[ h ^ m* Ob [ n m[ c^ (
b i q _ p _ l ( nb _ cl _ r nl [ a f[ h ^ o f[ l ^ l [ ch [ a _ ms mn_ g m g [ s h i n b [ p _ \ _ _ h
j l cmnch _ * H [ l ] b [ f _ n [ f04
l _ j i l n_ ^ nb [ n [ mca h c` c] [ h n j _ l ] _ h n[ a _ i `
a f[ h ^ m l _ g i p _ ^ ` i l mc[ fi fcnb c[ mcm mb i q _ ^ [ \ mi fo n_ fs h i b cmni fi a c] [ fì
n_ l [ nci h ( ch ^ c] [ nch a nb [ n j [ nb i fi a s ch nb _ _ r nl [ a f[ h ^ o f[ l ^ o ] n ms mn_ g
g [ s h i n \ _ l _ ` f_ ] n_ ^ ch j [ nb i fi a s ch nb _ a f[ h ^ cnm_f`*
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f[ l a _ ^ a f[ h ^ m nb [ n b _ l _ m_ ] n_ ^ ` i l [ _ mnb _ nc] l _ [ mi h m ^ c^ m b i q _ p cì
^ _ h ] _ i ` ] b l i h c] ch ` f[ g g [ nci h * < h ^ ^ _ Kch [ [ h ^ L o ch n[ -5 l _ j i l n_ ^
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mc[ fi fcnb c[ mcm i l m i g _ ns j _ i ` [ l _ ] o l l _ h n ch ` f[ g g [ ni l s j l i ] _ mm i l ` l i g ] i h ì
a _ h cn[ f ^ o ] n[ f ` f[ ] ] c^ cns * Ob [ n _ r j _ l c_ h ] _ q i o f ^ m o a a _ mn nb [ n [ h [ m s g j n i ì
g [ nc] f i q )a l [ ^ _ j [ l nc[ f i \ mnl o ] nci h i l ^ o ] n[ f ch ` f [ g g [ ni l s j l i ] _ mm g [ s
o h ^ _ l fc_ g [ h s N H N B \ o fa _ m*
R b _ nb _ l nb _ a f[ h ^ cm f[ l a _ ni \ _ a ch q cnb ( i l mq _ ffm i p _ l ncg _ ch l _ mj i h m_ ni
ch ` f[ g g [ nci h i l m i g _ i nb _ l mncg o fo m( nb i m_ m o l a _ i h m /2)1-#1/ 21)22
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cnm l [ nb _ l m b [ f f i q [ h [ ni g c] h _ mn*
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ch ( m i g _ a f[ h ^ m do mn m_ _ g ni \ _ \ ca a _ l nb [ h i nb _ l m( fce _ nb i m_ j c] no l _ ^ \ _ fi q *
O b _ m _ n q i j [ nc_ h nm b [ ^ a f[ h ^ m nb [ n m_ _ g _ ^ o h o mo [ ffs f[ l a _ q b _ h _ r [ g ch _ ^
j l _ i j _ l [ ncp _ fs [ h ^ q b _ h ch mj _ ] n_ ^ ch mc^ _ nb _ cl ] [ j mo f_ m [ n mo l a _ l s * Dh \ i nb
j [ nc_ h nm( D l _ m_ ] n_ ^ nb _ _ h ncl _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ \ cf[ n_ l [ ffs ( q cnb [ h c] _ [ _ mnb _ nì
c] cg j l i p _ g _ h n* J ` ch n_ l _ mn q [ m nb _ ` [ ] n nb [ n g c] l i m] i j c] _ r [ g ch [ nci h i ` [ ff
` i o l mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ m m b i q _ ^ h i [ \ h i l g [ fcnc_ m7 nb _ ^ o ] n m s m n_ g m q _ l _ f_ ` n
ch j f[ ] _ [ h ^ h i n _ r [ g ch _ ^ *

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nci h ( D q i o f ^ l _ g i p _ [ ff i ` nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ *. 0. 1 D h i fi h a _ l ^ i
nb [ n*. 2 D h i q l _ g i p _ i h fs [ m g o ] b i ` nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ [ m
m _ _ g m ni \ _ h _ _ ^ _ ^ ni j l _ p _ h n [ j i mni j _ l [ ncp _ \ o fa _ * Ob cm
j [ l nc[ f l _ m_ ] nci h i ` nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ cm [ a i i ^ ^ _ [ f _ [ mc_ l [ h ^
m[ ` _ l ni ^ i ( [ h ^ cn j i n_ h nc[ ffs j l _ m_ l p _ m g i l _ ` o h ] nci h [ f a f[ h ^ ncmì
mo _ * Ob _ nl [ ^ _ )i ` ` ` i l nb _ m_ \ _ h _ ` cnm( b i q _ p _ l ( cm nb [ n nb _ \ o fa _
g [ s h i n \ _ ] i g j f_ n_ fs _ fcg ch [ n_ ^ * Dh [ h o g \ _ l i ` ] [ m_ m ch q b c] b
D j _ l ` i l g _ ^ [ a _ h _ l i o m _ r ] cmci h i ` [ n f_ [ mn n q i nb cl ^ m i ` nb _ mo ì
j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ ( [ a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ mncff [ j j _ [ l _ ^ [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s * D mo l g cm_
nb [ n ch nb i m_ h _ ] e m nb _ l _ q [ m mcg j fs ch mo ` ` c] c_ h n mj [ ] _ ch nb _
[ h [ ni g c] h _ mn ni [ ] ] i g g i ^ [ n_ _ p _ h nb _ l _ g [ ch ch a f[ n_ l [ f nb cl ^
q cnb i o n j l i ^ o ] ch a [ pcmc\ f_ ( [ f\ _ cn mca h c` c] [ h nfs mg [ ff_ l ( \ o fa _ *
M[ g cl _ t [ h ^ ] i ff_ [ a o _ m2/ )22 \ _ fc_ p_ nb [ n ch mi g _ j [ nc_ h nm [ ` [ ] ni l
] i h nl c\ o nch a ni [ h N H N B \ o fa _ cm [ ` f[ n g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l \ i ^ s nb [ n
j l i p c^ _ m ni i mb [ ffi q [ mb _ fn_ l ch a _ [ p _ ni ] i h ] _ [ f nb _ a f[ h ^ * Dh
nb i m_ ] [ m_ m M[ g cl _ t [ ^ p cm_ m [ h [ ffi j f[ mnc] g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l \ i ^ s cg ì
j f[ h n ni b c^ _ nb _ a f[ h ^ ( q b c] b [ fmi cg j l i p _ m d[ q fch _ [ _ mnb _ nc] m*
C i q _ p _ l ( nb _ l _ cm i h _ i nb _ l ` [ ] ni l nb [ n D\ _ fc_ p_ i ` n_ h ] i h nl c\ o n_ m
ni nb _ [ j j _ [ l [ h ] _ i ` [ h N H N B \ o fa _ ( [ h ^ nb [ n cm q b [ n D ] [ ff OTI V L
U I TXW[ Q\ QWV$ g _ [ h ch a [ a f[ h ^ nb [ n cm j [ l nc] o f[ l fs f i q [ h ^ g _ ^ c[ f
ch nb _ h _ ] e * D g [ s ^ _ n_ ] n nb _ g [ fj i mcnci h ^ o l ch a nb _ j l _ i j _ l [ ì
ncp_ _ r [ g ch [ nci h ( i l Dg [ s ^ cm] i p _ l cn q b _ h D j o l j i m_ fs i l ch [ ^ p _ l ì
n_ h nfs _ h n_ l ch ni nb _ a f[ h ^ ] [ j mo f_ [ m D [ g l _ g i p ch a mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f
` [ n ` l i g \ _ h _ [ nb nb _ g _ ^ c[ f j f[ ns mg [ *
P h fce _ g i mn a f[ h ^ m nb [ n b [ p _ fcnnf_ g i l _ nb [ h fi i m_ [ l _ i f[ l ncmmo _
mo l l i o h ^ ch a nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ ( nb _ g _ ^ c[ f m _ a g _ h n i ` [ g [ f)
j i mcnci h _ ^ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ cm l [ nb _ l mi fc^ fs [ nn[ ] b _ ^ ni nb _ ch ì
mc^ _ q [ ff i ` nb _ ] [ j mo f_ [ fi h a nb _ f[ n_ l [ f _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ [ h n_ l ci l
^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ [ h ^ [ n nb _ ch ` _ l i g _ ^ c[ f ] i l h _ l i ` nb _ ] [ j mo f_
q b _ l _ cn cm [ ^ b _ l _ h n ni nb _ b s i c^ \ i h _ * O b _ g [ fj i mcnci h _ ^ a f[ h ^
g [ s [ fmi \ _ nca b nfs [ ^ b _ l _ h n ni nb _ ] [ j mo f_ i h cnm mo j _ l ` c] c[ f mo l ì
` [ ] _ ( [ h ^ [ fi h a cnm mo j _ l ci l _ ^ a _ do mn o h ^ _ l nb _ d[ q fch _ * Ob _ m_ [ nì
n[ ] b g _ h nm ] [ h h i n \ _ _ [ mcfs [ h ^ \ fi i ^ f_ mmfs m_ j [ l [ n_ ^ \ s \ fo h n
mj l _ [ ^ ch a ^ cmm_ ] nci h [ m ] [ h nb _ fi i m_ [ l _ i f[ l ncmmo _ * O b _ l ca c^
g _ ^ c[ f [ ^ b _ mci h m b [ p _ ni \ _ fs m_ ^ q cnb nb _ _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s * < fì
nb i o a b nb _ i ` n_ h p [ m] o f[ l h [ no l _ i ` nb _ [ ^ b _ mci h m mo l l i o h ^ ch a [
g [ fj i mcnci h _ ^ a f[ h ^ mo a a _ mnm [ l _ [ ] nci h ni [ h ch ` f[ g g [ ni l s j l i ì
] _ mm( nb _ cl ^ _ h m_ ] b [ l [ ] n_ l [ fmi mo a a _ mnm nb [ n [ g [ fj i mcnci h _ ^
a f[ h ^ b [ m h i n m[ a a _ ^ i p _ l ncg _ ch ni nb _ ] [ o ^ [ f [ h ^ g _ ^ c[ f j i ì
mcnci h ch q b c] b cn cm ` i o h ^ ( \ o n l [ nb _ l nb [ n nb _ a f[ h ^ b [ m [ f q [ s m
\ _ _ h nb _ l _ *

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< mc^ _ ` l i g j l i ^ o ] ch a [ \ o fa _ h _ [ l nb _ g c^ fch _ ( [ ] fo _ nb [ n [ a f[ h ^ cm g [ fj i ì
mcnci h _ ^ cm ` ch ^ ch a nb [ n cn ] [ h h i n \ _ _ [ mcfs j o m b _ ^ o j [ h ^ o h ^ _ l nb _ d [ q ì
fch _ q cn b g s ` ch a _ l m ^ o l ch a nb _ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp _ _ r [ g ch [ nci h * Ob cm ch ^ c] [ n_ m
nb [ n nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ cm mnl i h a fs [ nn[ ] b _ ^ ni nb _ ch mc^ _ i ` cnm ] [ j mo f_ ( [ h ^
nb _ ] [ j mo f_ ch no l h cm nca b nfs [ nn[ ] b _ ^ ni nb _ f[ n_ l [ f _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ cì
a [ mnl c] g o m] f_ [ h ^ nb _ ` [ m] c[ mo l l i o h ^ ch a nb _ b s i c^ \ i h _ * Ob _ l _ ` i l _ ( c` [
a f[ h ^ cm g [ fj i mcnci h _ ^ ( [ h ^ c` cn cm h i n l _ f_ [ m_ ^ ` l i g cnm g _ ^ c[ f [ ^ b _ mci h m( [
g c^ fch _ j fc] [ nci h i ` nb _ [ h n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m( q b c] b j o ffm nb _ [ nn[ ] b _ ^
a f[ h ^ ] [ j mo f_ m ` o l nb _ l g _ ^ c[ ffs ( g [ s ` o l nb _ l _ r [ a a _ l [ n_ nb _ \ o fa _ *
I i n [ ff g [ fj i mcnci h _ ^ a f[ h ^ m no l h i o n ni \ _ \ ca a f[ h ^ m* J h ] _ ` l _ _ ^ ` l i g
nb _ cl ch nl [ ] [ j mo f[ l n_ nb _ l m( m i g _ g [ fj i mcnci h _ ^ a f[ h ^ m [ j j _ [ l ni \ _ [ a i i ^
^ _ [ f mg [ ff_ l nb [ h ch cnc[ ffs nb i o a b n( [ h ^ ] [ h nb _ h \ _ no ] e _ ^ ch ni nb _ cl [ h [ ì
ni g c] \ _ ^ m q cnb i o n [ \ o fa _ m b i q ch a * = o n g i m n q cff mncff h _ _ ^ [ j [ l nc[ f nl cg
ni ` cn q cnb i o n f_ [ p ch a [ p cmc\ f_ \ o g j *
< n mo l a _ l s ( m i g _ g [ fj i mcnci h _ ^ a f[ h ^ m m _ _ g ni \ _ m no ] e ^ cl _ ] nfs ni nb _
o h ^ _ l mc^ _ i ` nb _ j f [ ns m g [ g o m] f_ * Dh nb cm mcno [ nci h ( c` nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _
cm ni \ _ ` l _ _ ^ ` i l l _ j i mcnci h ch a i l j [ l nc[ f l _ m_ ] nci h ( nb _ a f[ h ^ g o m n \ _ p _ l s
] [ l _ ` o ffs [ h ^ \ fo h nfs m_ j [ l [ n_ ^ ` l i g nb _ nb ch i p _ l fs ch a ] [ j mo f_ )j f[ ns mg [
f[ g _ ff[ ni j l _ p _ h n [ j i mmc\ f_ ch do l s ni [ g [ l a ch [ f g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l i l ] _ l p c] [ f
\ l [ h ] b i ` nb _ ` [ ] c[ f h _ l p _ nb [ n g ca b n \ _ m [ h ^ q c] b _ ^ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ [ fg i mn
h i h _ r cmn_ h n ] [ j mo f_ [ h ^ nb _ j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f_ nb [ n i ` n_ h m_ _ g ni \ _ ` o m_ ^
ni i h _ [ h i nb _ l *
O b _ m _ \ _ ` i l _ [ h ^ [ ` n_ l j b i ni m [ l _ i ` [ j [ nc_ h n q b i b [ ^ [ j [ l nc[ f l _ m_ ] nci h i `
g [ fj i mcnci h _ ^ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l a f[ h ^ m !I ZZW_ [ "&

\ SQY ZW
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Ob _ h [ no l _ i ` nb _ [ nn[ ] b g _ h nm \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ ] [ j mo f_ i ` nb _ N H N B
[ h ^ cnm mo l l i o h ^ ch a ncmmo _ m cm [ fmi a _ l g [ h _ ni nb _ k o _ mnci h i `
q b s [ h N H N B \ o fa _ m i g _ ncg _ m mo ^ ^ _ h fs [ j j _ [ l m [ ` n_ l [ h _ ] e
fc` n; O b _ ] i h p _ h nci h [ f [ h m q _ l cm nb [ n nb _ a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ q [ m nb _ l _
ni \ _ a ch q cnb ( \ o n b c^ ^ _ h \ s mo l l i o h ^ ch a ` [ n* R b _ h nb _ _ r ] _ mm
` [ n cm l _ g i p _ ^ ( nb _ \ o fa _ cm l _ p _ [ f_ ^ * P h ^ i o \ n_ ^ fs ( nb [ n i ` n_ h
b [ j j _ h m* = o n nb [ n l [ nci h [ f_ ^ i _ m h i n _ r j f[ ch q b s [ a f[ h ^ \ o fa _
mi g _ ncg _ m [ j j _ [ l m ^ _ h i p i [ ` n_ l [ h _ ] e fc`n ch [ j [ nc_ h n q b i b [ m
b [ ^ h i mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m ` [ n l _ g i p _ ^ *
D \ _ fc_ p _ nb _ fce _ fs [ h m q _ l cm I V I \ W U QK TQVS I OM& Dh g [ h s j [ nc_ h nm
nb _ j f[ ns mg [ cm mnl i h a fs fch e _ ^ ni nb _ o h ^ _ l fs ch a N H N B ] [ j mo f_
\ s nb _ j f[ ns mg [ )l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm* D` nb _ ^ _ _ j mo l ` [ ] _ i ` nb _
] [ j mo f_ cm h i n [ fmi m_ ] o l _ fs [ h ] b i l _ ^ ni nb _ o h ^ _ l fs ch a g s f i b s ì
i c^ g o m] f_ ( nb _ nl [ ] nci h nl [ h mg cnn_ ^ ni nb _ ] [ j mo f_ \ s j o ffch a nb _
j f [ ns m g [ g _ ^ c[ ffs i l f[ n_ l [ ffs ^ o l ch a [ j f [ ns m g [ j f [ m ns ] [ h [ ] ì
no [ ffs fc` n nb _ _ h ] [ j mo f[ n_ ^ a f[ h ^ i o n i ` cnm [ h [ ni g c] h _ mn j l i ì
^ o ] ch a [ \ o fa _ q b _ l _ h i h _ b [ ^ \ _ _ h \ _ ` i l _ *. /).0
Ob cm j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ h i N H N B \ o fa _ \ _ ` i l _ b _ l h _ ] e fc`n( \ o n mb _ b [ ^
i h _ [ ` n_ l [ j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns * I i mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m ` [ n q [ m l _ g i p _ ^
` l i g b _ l h _ ] e * < h ^ nb _ l _ ch fc_ m nb _ l o \ 6 ch nb _ j l i ] _ mm i ` nl _ [ nch a
j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m i l cg j l i p ch a i p_ l [ ff h _ ] e ] i h ni o l \ s [ j f[ ns mg [ ì
j f[ mns ( [ h _ q ] i h ni o l cg j _ l ` _ ] nci h g [ s \ _ ] l _ [ n_ ^ i l _ r [ a a _ l [ nì
_ ^ ( [ m cn q [ m ch nb cm nb ch )h _ ] e _ ^ j [ nc_ h n*
Oi j l _ p _ h n [ j i m nj f [ ns m g [ j f [ m ns \ o fa _ ( M[ g cl _ t 22 b [ m mo a a _ mn_ ^
[ ^ cl _ ] n _ r nl [ ] [ j m o f [ l ^ cm] i h h _ ] n \ s m_ j [ l [ nch a nb _ j f[ ns mg [
` l i g nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f mo l ` [ ] _ i ` nb _ a f[ h ^ ] [ j mo f_ *2. #20 C _ o m_ m nb _
_ h ^ i m] i j _ i l / *1 S fi o j _ g [ a h c` c] [ nci h ni m_ [ l ] b ` i l g [ l a ch [ f g [ h ì
^ c\ o f[ l [ h ^ ] _ l p c] [ f \ l [ h ] b _ m i ` nb _ ` [ ] c[ f h _ l p _ fi ] [ n_ ^ [ \ i p _
nb _ mo j _ l ci l j i f_ i ` nb _ a f[ h ^ ^ o l ch a nb _ ^ cmm_ ] nci h * M[ g cl _ t m[ s m
nb [ n b _ ^ i _ m nb cm ^ cmm_ ] nci h [ h ^ m_ j [ l [ nci h q b _ h _ p _ l b _ cm ^ i ch a
[ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f fcj _ ] ni g s ch [ j [ nc_ h n q cnb [ j l i g ch _ h n N H N B

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\ o fa _ ( q b c] b cm [ \ i o n . , ! i ` nb _ ncg _ * C _ ` _ _ fm nb [ n nb cm g [ h _ o p _ l cm m o ] ì
] _ mm` o f o h f_ mm nb _ a f[ h ^ cm p _ l s \ ca * < f nb i o a b D b [ p _ h i n [ nn_ g j n_ ^ cn g s ì
m_ f` ( cn q i o f ^ m _ _ g nb [ n ` ch ^ ch a [ h ^ j l i n_ ] nch a nb _ ch ` l [ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l ` [ ] c[ f
h _ l p _ \ l [ h ] b _ m ch nb _ m o \ j f[ ns m g [ f j f[ h _ ] i o f^ \ _ ^ c` ` c] o fn [ h ^ j _ l b [ j m
m i g _ q b [ n l cme s *
Dh mn_ [ ^ ( D ^ cm ] i h h _ ] n n b _ a f [ h ^ ` l i g n b _ j f [ n s m g [ ch ^ cl _ ] nf s \ s ^ _ n[ ] b ch a
nb _ a f[ h ^ ` l i g nb _ ] [ j mo f_ * C i q _ p _ l ( nb cm ch nl [ ] [ j m o f [ l l _ f _ [ m_ ( q b cf _ j i ì
n_ h nc[ ffs m[ ` _ l ( g [ s [ fmi \ _ f_ mm _ ` ` _ ] ncp _ nb [ h M [ g cl _ t #m _ r nl [ ] [ j mo f[ l l _ ì
f_ [ m_ ( \ _ ] [ o m _ ^ _ mj cn_ [ ] i g j f _ n_ ` l _ _ ch a i ` nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ ` l i g nb _
ch n_ l ci l i ` nb _ ] [ j mo f_ $q cnb i o n a f[ h ^ l _ m_ ] nci h %( D b [ p _ g [ h s ncg _ m m_ _ h
[ j i m nj f [ ns m g [ j f [ m ns a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ * I i h _ nb _ f_ mm( [ h ch nl [ ] [ j mo f[ l l _ f_ [ m_ ] [ h
m i g _ ncg _ m j l i p _ mo ] ] _ m m` o f ch j l _ p _ h nch a i l ^ cg ch cm b ch a [ j i m nj f [ ns m g [ ì
j f[ mns \ o fa _ ( mi D i ] ] [ m ci h [ ffs ^ i cn q b _ h D ` ch ^ g s m _ f ` ch mc^ _ nb _ ] [ j mo f_
^ o l ch a [ j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h m o \ j f [ ns m g [ f f cj _ ] ni g s ch [ j [ nc_ h n q cnb [ ] i h nl [ ch ^ cì
] [ nci h ni j [ l nc[ f a f[ h ^ _ r ] cmci h *
O< > OD> N AJ M = < OOGDI B OC @ = P GB @
O b _ l _ [ l _ m_ p _ h q [ s m ni g [ h [ a _ nb _ \ o fa _ i ` [ m o \ g [ h ^ c\ o f [ l m[ fcp [ l s
a f[ h ^ 6 $- % [ ] ] _ j n cn( $. % ch d_ ] n cn( $/ % l _ mnl [ ch cn( $0 % \ o nnl _ m m cn( $1 % l _ j i mcnci h cn(
$2 % ] [ g i o ` f [ a _ cn( i l $3 % l _ m_ ] n cn* G_ n#m ] i h m c^ _ l _ [ ] b *
< > > @KODI B < I NH NB = P GB @
N i g _ j [ nc_ h nm q cnb [ p cmc\ f_ a f[ h ^ i l a f [ h ^ m [ l _ ] i g j f _ n_ f s o h [ q [ l _ i `
nb _ cl j l _ m_ h ] _ ( [ m q [ m nb cm j [ nc_ h n( q b i m _ nb ch h _ ] e ] _ l n[ ch fs ^ c^ h i n ] [ g i o ì
` f[ a _ nb _ j l i g ch _ h n \ o fa _ m !I ZZW _ [ "& J nb _ l m q b i [ l _ [ q [ l _ i ` nb _ cl \ o fa _ m
i ` n_ h n_ ff g _ nb [ n nb _ s [ l _ h i n j [ l nc] o f[ l fs \ i nb _ l _ ^ \ s nb _ g * @cnb _ l q [ s ( c`
D ] [ h M I [ QTa g [ e _ nb _ \ o fa _ m f_ mm h i nc] _ [ \ f_ ( g i m n i ` nb _ m_ j [ nc_ h nm [ l _
b [ j j s ni f_ n g _ nl s * < h ^ c` nb _ \ o fa _ m l _ g [ ch [ ` n_ l m o l a _ l s ; M i o a b f s b [ f` n_ ff
g _ nb [ n cn q i o f ^ h #n \ i nb _ l nb _ g p _ l s g o ] b *

\ SQY ZW
Tb
C i q _ p _ l ( c` nb _ j [ nc_ h n n_ ffm g _ nb [ n b _ i l mb _ q i o f ^ \ _ \ i nb _ l _ ^ c` nb _
\ o fa _ q _ l _ mncff nb _ l _ [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ( Dn_ ff nb _ j [ nc_ h n nb [ n h i nb ch a f_ mm nb [ h [
j [ l nc[ f l _ m_ ] nci h i ` nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ i ` ` _ l m [ l _ fc[ \ f_ ] b [ h ] _ i ` m o ] ] _ m m ã
[ f\ _ cn h i n [ h ch ` [ ffc\ f_ i h _ ( \ _ ] [ o m_ _ p _ h nb _ mg [ ff f[ n_ l [ f l _ g h [ h n f_ ` n \ _ ì
b ch ^ g [ s j i j i o n [ m [ mfca b n \ o fa _ * C i q _ p _ l ( h i n _ p _ l s j [ nc_ h n cm ] i g ` i l nì
[ \ f_ q cnb nb _ c^ _ [ i ` [ l _ m_ ] nci h ( j [ l nc] o f[ l fs [ ` n_ l q _ b [ p _ ^ cm] o mm_ ^ nb _
j i mmc\ f_ l cme m( ch ] fo ^ ch a nb _ l _ g i n_ j i mmc\ cfcns i ` [ ^ l s g i o nb [ ` n_ l [ j [ l nc[ f
l _ m_ ] nci h i ` nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ * O b [ n \ _ ch a nb _ ] [ m_ ( D n_ ff nb _ j [ nc_ h n nb [ n D
] _ l n[ ch fs ] [ h nl s i h _ i ` m_ p _ l [ f h i h _ r ncl j [ ncp _ g _ [ mo l _ m( q b c] b ^ _ mj cn_ \ _ ì
ch a f_ mm l _ fc[ \ f_ ( g [ s mncff \ _ mo ] ] _ mm` o f* N i g _ j [ nc_ h nm nb _ h l _ ] i h mc^ _ l [ h ^
] b i i m_ [ j [ l nc[ f l _ m_ ] nci h ( q b cf_ i nb _ l m mnc] e ni nb _ cl ^ _ ] cmci h h i n ni b [ p _ [
j [ l nc[ f a f[ h ^ l _ m_ ] nci h ( _ cnb _ l ] b i c] _ \ _ ch a k o cn_ [ ] ] _ j n[ \ f_ ni g _ *
Ai l g _ ( nb _ j l i \ f_ g [ nc] mcno [ nci h cm q b _ h [ j [ nc_ h n m [ s m nb [ n b _ i l mb _
q cff [ ] ] _ j n [ \ o fa _ [ ` n_ l m o l a _ l s ( [ h ^ nb _ h [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ( b [ m [ ] b [ h a _
i ` g ch ^ * O b _ ` i ffi q ch a j [ nc_ h n cffo mnl [ n_ m nb [ n m] _ h [ l ci *
Ob cm q i g [ h b [ ^ p cmc\ fs [ h ^ j [ fj [ \ fs _ h f[ l a _ ^ N H N B m !I ZZW_ [ "& I i h _ nb _ ì
f_ mm( mb _ m[ c^ nb [ n mb _ q [ h n_ ^ i h fs [ nc^ c_ l fi i e ch a h _ ] e q cnb i o n nb _ g c^ fch _
q _ \ [ h ^ q cnb i o n nb _ di q fm( [ h ^ ] i o f^ fcp_ q cnb nb _ a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ m* D ] i o f^ nl s
mi g _ nb ch a mcg j f_ ni no ] e o j nb _ a f[ h ^ m( \ o n h i nb ch a ] i g j fc] [ n_ ^ * < j [ l nc[ f
a f[ h ^ l _ m_ ] nci h q [ m ] f_ [ l fs g i l _ nb [ h mb _ b [ ^ ch g ch ^ ( _ p _ h q b _ h D ni f^ b _ l
nb [ n nb _ \ o fa _ m g ca b n \ _ ] i g _ g i l _ i \ p ci o m [ ` n_ l nb _ ^ l i i j ch a h _ ] e ncmmo _ m
b [ ^ \ _ _ h ] f_ [ l _ ^ [ q [ s * Nb _ m[ c^ nb [ n mb _ q [ m h i n m_ _ e ch a j _ l ` _ ] nci h * R _
\ i nb \ _ fc_ p _ ^ nb [ n ni \ _ nl o _ * = o n q b _ h g s [ nn_ g j n [ n ` f[ nn_ h ch a nb _ \ o fa _ m
\ s j f_ [ nch a nb _ i p _ l fs ch a g o m] f_ j l i p _ ^ ch _ ` ` _ ] ncp _ ( nb _ i h _ l _ g [ ch ch a cg ì
j _ l ` _ ] nci h ch b _ l h _ ] e !KMV\ MZ" q [ m h i fi h a _ l [ ] ] _ j n[ \ f_ * O b _ ` cr ( i ` ] i o l m_ (
q [ m h i n [ k o c] e [ h ^ _ [ ms i h _ * Dn g _ [ h n a i ch a nb l i o a b m] [ l ni l _ _ f_ p [ n_ nb _
me ch ` f[ j ( n[ e ch a [ j [ l n nb _ g c^ fch _ j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns ( l _ m_ ] nch a [ a i i ^ j i l nci h
i ` \ i nb mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ m( [ h ^ nb _ h j o nnch a _ p _ l s nb ch a \ [ ] e ni a _ nb _ l [ a [ ch *
Ai l no h [ n_ fs ( mb _ ] i h mc^ _ l _ ^ nb _ i o n] i g _ i ` nb [ n m_ ] i h ^ [ l s mo l a _ l s !ZQOP \ "
ni \ _ k o cn_ [ ] ] _ j n[ \ f_ *

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[ a _ h n ni mb l ch e cn b [ m o h ^ i o \ n_ ^ f s ] l i mm_ ^ g [ h s g ch ^ m(
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nb _ [ j j l i j l c[ n_ ] i h ] _ l h m [ \ i o n ] i ff[ n_ l [ f ^ [ g [ a _ ni mo l l i o h ^ ch a
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a f[ h ^ m q cnb [ mg [ ff [ g i o h n i ` = i ni r [ h ^ ` i o h ^ nb _ nl _ [ ng _ h n ni
\ _ b _ fj ` o f* J ` ] i o l m_ ( q b _ h ^ i ch a nb cm( i h _ g o m n nl s h i n ni [ ` ` _ ] n
nb _ ` o h ] nci h ch a i ` i nb _ l h _ o l i g o m ] o f[ l mnl o ] no l _ m ch nb _ [ l _ [ ( ch ì
] fo ^ ch a nb _ f i q _ l fcj ^ _ j l _ mmi l m* = i ni r b [ m \ _ _ h l _ j i l n_ ^ ni \ _
m i g _ q b [ n mo ] ] _ mm` o f ch nl _ [ nch a m[ fcp [ l s ` cmno f[ m \ s ^ _ ] l _ [ mch a
nb _ j [ l [ ms g j [ nb _ nc] m_ ] l _ ni l s ch h _ l p [ nci h ni nb _ a f[ h ^ *00
M@NOM< DI DI B OC @ B G< I ?
> i h nl i ffch a [ h N H N B \ o fa _ o mch a m i g _ ns j _ i ` m o \ g _ l a _ ^ m j [ h ì
h ch a mo no l _ i l \ [ h ^ b [ m \ _ _ h nl c_ ^ ch [ g s l c[ ^ i ` q [ s m * Dh - 5 4 /
N g cnb _ n [ f33 l _ j i l n_ ^ nb _ o m_ i ` [ H _ l mcf_ h _ n[ j _ i l [ ` [ m] c[ f[ n[
mnl cj nb [ n q [ m no h h _ f_ ^ ] i g j f_ n_ fs [ ] l i mm nb _ h _ ] e ^ _ _ j ni nb _
j f[ ns mg [ [ h ^ [ h ] b i l _ ^ ni nb _ o j j _ l mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ ` [ m] c[ i h
_ [ ] b mc^ _ * No \ m_ k o _ h nfs ( B i l _ )O _ r g [ m ni c^ )ni )g [ m ni c^ X ZM X TI %
\ a [ U I T [ TQV O [ q _ l _ o m_ ^ \ s > i h l [ ^ _ n [ f(-3 = _ [ ns (3 [ h ^ Kl [ \ b [ n
[ h ^ ? s _ l *2-
Q[ l ci o m i nb _ l m o \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l ] [ \ f_ m b [ p _ [ fmi \ _ _ h
n_ mn_ ^ 6 fi h a cj mcf[ n_ l [ f g c^ fch _ )ni )g [ mni c^ ZMQV [ ] \ ] ZM [ \ s B o _ l ì
l _ l i m[ h ni m _ n [ f/ . (/ / 7 ] l cmm] l i mm_ ^ g c^ fch _ )ni )g [ mni c^ [ ] [ X M V [ QW V
[ ] \ ] ZM [ \ s B c[ g j [ j [ [ h ^ ] i ff_ [ a o _ m. 4#/ , 7 g o fncj f_ mo no l _ m q i p _ h
nb l i o a b nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ` l i g g c^ fch _ ni g [ mni c^ \ s C i _ ` ` fch / 47 n q i )
q [ s B i l _ )O_ r mo no l _ m q i p _ h nb l i o a b nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ` l i g g c^ fch _
ni g [ mni c^ [ h ^ \ [ ] e ni nb _ g c^ fch _ \ s M [ g cl _ t *20 M_ ] _ h nfs Mo ` ` 3-
[ h ^ i nb _ l m b [ p _ l _ j i l n_ ^ p [ l s ch a ^ _ a l _ _ m i ` m o ] ] _ m m q cnb \ [ l \ _ ^
mo mj _ h mci h mo no l _ m _ g \ _ ^ ^ _ ^ [ ] l i mm nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ni n_ h m_ nb _
g o m] f_ [ h ^ l _ mnl [ ch nb _ a f[ h ^ *
J nb _ l nb [ h nb _ B o _ l l _ l i m[ h ni m l _ ch mo no l _ m [ h ^ nb _ B c[ g j [ j [
mo mj _ h mci h mo no l _ m( D ] [ h h i n j _ l mi h [ ffs [ nn_ mn ni nb _ _ ` ` _ ] ncp _ ì
h _ mm i ` [ h s i ` nb _ i nb _ l a f[ h ^ l _ n[ ch ch a l i j _ m( \ o n g s _ r j _ l c_ h ] _
b [ m \ _ _ h nb [ n fce _ C i o ^ ch c( nb _ a l _ [ n _ m] [ j _ [ l ncmn( nb _ N H NB
m _ _ g m ] [ j [ \ f _ i ` mfcj j ch a ` l _ _ ` l i g do m n [ \ i o n [ h s \ _ fnfce _ l _ ì
mnl [ ch n* D a [ p _ o j i h nb _ mfch a mo no l _ m [ h o g \ _ l i ` s _ [ l m [ a i *
I [ b [ c b [ m g i mnfs a cp _ h nb _ g o j [ m q _ ff*13

\ SQY ZW
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= P OOM@NNDI B < = P GBDI B BG< I ?
Oo ] e ch a ch [ \ o fa ch a N H N B \ s cg \ l c] [ nch a nb _ i p _ l fs ch a j f[ ns mg [ ni ` i l g [
mni o n p _ l nc] [ f g o m] f_ j f_ [ n nb [ n l _ mcmnm mnl _ n] b b [ m i ` n_ h \ _ _ h _ ` ` _ ] ncp _ ` i l
g _ ã [ m fi h a [ m nb _ a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ cm [ mg [ ff i h _ * = ca \ o fa _ m n_ h ^ ni l _ [ j j _ [ l * D
] i h mc^ _ l nb cm g [ h _ o p _ l ni \ _ g s ` cl mn fch _ i ` i ` ` _ h m_ [ a [ ch mn [ mg [ ff \ o fa _ *
D` nb _ a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ cm p _ l s mg [ ff( h i nb ch a g i l _ nb [ h [ ` ca o l _ )i ` )_ ca b n mo no l _ g [ s
\ _ h _ _ ^ _ ^ !TMN\ "& H i mn i ` nb _ ncg _ ( b i q _ p _ l ( D l o h [ b i l ct i h n[ f g [ nnl _ mm mo no l _
ch [ p _ l nc] [ f ^ cl _ ] nci h ni j l i a l _ mmcp _ fs ` i f^ ch nb _ g o m] f_ i p _ l nb _ \ o g j * Ob _
mo no l _ \ cn_ m [ l _ n[ e _ h [ n nb _ h _ [ l \ [ m_ i ` nb _ \ o fa _ [ h ^ [ n( i l do mn \ _ s i h ^ ( nb _
] l _ mn i ` nb _ \ o fa _ ni j l i a l _ mmcp _ fs ` f[ nn_ h cn* D o mo [ ffs ^ i [ nq i )f[ s _ l l o h h ch a
mo no l _ ( mn[ l nch a _ cnb _ l mo j _ l ci l fs i l ch ` _ l ci l fs ( q cnb nb _ mo no l _ l _ no l h ch a ni nb _
mn[ l nch a j i ch n q b _ l _ cn cm nc_ ^ ni cnm_ f` !ZQOP \ "& > i g g i h f s nb cm mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l
j f[ ns mg [ j f_ [ nch a cm [ ] i g j i h _ h n i ` _ cnb _ l [ KTI [ [ QK K W Z[ M \ X TI \ a [ U I X TI [ \ a i l
[ ] i l m_ n ^ i h _ o mch a nb _ O W %I V a _ P M ZM [ ] \ ] ZM&
= o nnl _ mmch a j f_ [ nm mb i o f^ h i n \ _ b i l ct i h n[ f j f_ [ nm( \ _ ] [ o m_ nb _ s mb i l n_ h nb _
j f[ ns mg [ ` l i g ni j ni \ i nni g [ h ^ g [ s ^ cmni l n h _ ] e ] i h ni o l * C i l ct i h n[ f j f_ [ nm
g [ s [ fmi g [ e _ nb _ h _ ] e ` _ _ f nca b n ni nb _ j [ nc_ h n q b _ h ncfnch a nb _ b _ [ ^ \ [ ] e *

2 n a c P[
O\ RW
Pc ZO` a OZW
dO`g UZO\ R Pc ZUSa
O b _ N H N B \ o fa _ m m_ _ h ch nb _ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp _ j b i ni a l [ j b m i ` nb _ m_
nb l _ _ j [ nc_ h nm q _ l _ g [ h [ a _ ^ q cnb [ p _ l nc] [ f j f[ ns mg [ no ] e )ch
j f_ [ n ^ i h _ ch ] i h do h ] nci h q cnb [ ] i l m_ n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns * O b _ a f[ h ^
\ o fa _ m q _ l _ _ mm_ h nc[ ffs _ fcg ch [ n_ ^ \ s nb _ \ o nnl _ mm_ ^ j f[ ns mg [ *

\ SQY ZW
Tb
C i q _ p _ l ( \ o nnl _ mmch a j f_ [ nm [ h ^ [ ] i l m_ n q _ l _ f_ mm _ ` ` _ ] ncp _ ch
nb _ m_ nq i j [ nc_ h nm( ch q b i g [ mg [ ff l _ mc^ o [ f \ o fa _ ] [ h \ _ m_ _ h
ch nb _ cl - )s _ [ l [ h ^ 4 )s _ [ l j i mni j _ l [ ncp _ j b i ni m( l _ mj _ ] ncp_ fs *
R cnb mi g _ fo ] e ( _ p _ h [ j l i g ch _ h n N H N B \ o fa _ ] [ h mi g _ ncg _ m
\ _ no ] e _ ^ [ q [ s h c] _ fs q cnb [ mi fc^ nq i )f[ s _ l p_ l nc] [ f \ o nnl _ mm
j f_ [ n c` nb _ l _ b [ j j _ h m ni \ _ _ h i o a b l i i g ch nb _ [ h [ ni g c] h _ mn ` i l
nb _ a f[ h ^ ni \ _ ^ ^ i q h ( [ m q [ m nb _ ] [ m_ ch nb cm j [ nc_ h n* Ob _ j i mnì
i j _ l [ ncp _ j b i ni q [ m n[ e _ h [ n - s _ [ l * Ob _ l _ ` i l _ ( c` nb _ j l i j i mcnci h
i ` [ j [ l nc[ f l _ m_ ] nci h i ` [ f[ l a _ a f[ h ^ cm h i n ] i g ` i l n[ \ f_ ` i l
nb _ j [ nc_ h n i l nb _ mo l a _ i h ( nb _ \ o nnl _ mmch a no ] e )ch j f_ [ n mb i o f^
[ n f_ [ mn \ _ nl c_ ^ *

2 n a c P[
O\ RW
Pc ZO` a OZW
dO`g UZO\ R Pc ZUSa
Al i g ncg _ ni ncg _ D m_ _ [ j [ nc_ h n q cnb [ h N H N B \ o fa _ q b i h _ cì
nb _ l q [ h nm h i l i nb _ l q cm_ h _ _ ^ m [ mo \ g _ h n[ f ch ] cmci h [ m j [ l n i `
nb _ j f[ h h _ ^ h _ ] e fc`n i l ` [ ] _ fc`n* Dh nb [ n mcno [ nci h ( D nl s ni ` f[ nn_ h
nb _ \ o fa _ o mch a nb _ f[ n_ l [ f [ ] ] _ m m no ] e )ch j f_ [ n cffo mnl [ n_ ^ ch
> b [ j n_ l 3 * Dh g s b [ h ^ m( b i q _ p _ l ( no ] e ch a ch [ \ o fa ch a N H N B
` l i g nb _ j _ l c[ o l c] o f[ l ch ] cmci h b [ m i h fs [ / , ! ] b [ h ] _ i ` mo ] ] _ mm*
M[ g cl _ t 2. )22 nl c_ ^ j fc] [ nch a nb _ _ r n_ l ci l mo l ` [ ] _ i ` nb _ a f[ h ^ ] [ j ì
mo f_ \ _ h _ [ nb nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ni no ] e o j nb _ a f[ h ^ ( \ o n ` i o h ^ nb [ n cn
^ c^ h i n b i f^ \ [ ] e [ \ ca a f[ h ^ * T _ [ l m [ a i D[ fmi nl c_ ^ j [ l nc[ ffs ] fi mì
ch a ^ i q h nb _ a f[ h ^ ] [ j mo f_ q cnb g [ nnl _ mm mo no l _ m nb [ n q _ l _ ch ì
m_ l n_ ^ ` l i g q cnb ch nb _ ] [ j mo f_ ch i l ^ _ l ni ` i l ] _ $[ h ^ b i j _ ` o ffs
b i f^ % nb _ a f[ h ^ ch q [ l ^ * Ob [ n g _ nb i ^ q i l e _ ^ ` i l [ q _ _ e i l nq i (
[ ` n_ l q b c] b nb _ j fo g j mj i cf_ l l _ [ j j _ [ l _ ^ *
M@KJ NDODJ I DI B OC @ B G< I ?
M_ j i mcnci h ch a [ \ o fa ch a mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ ch ni [ b ca b _ l [ h ^ ^ _ _ j _ l
\ _ ^ o h ^ _ l nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ q b _ l _ cn cm f_ mm [ j n ni \ _ m_ _ h l _ k o cl _ m
n q i g [ h _ o p _ l m6 ` cl mn( l _ f_ [ mch a nb _ fi \ _ ` l i g cnm ch nl [ ] [ j mo f[ l
[ nn[ ] b g _ h nm mi nb [ n cn cm ` l _ _ ni g i p _ ni cnm h _ q b c^ ch a j f[ ] _ (
[ h ^ m_ ] i h ^ ( b i f^ ch a cn nb _ l _ *
B o s o l i h /2 b [ m b [ ^ mi g _ mo ] ] _ mm l _ fi ] [ nch a [ g i \ cfct _ ^ mg [ ff) ni
g i ^ _ l [ n_ )mct _ ^ a f[ h ^ q cnb \ [ me _ nch a mo no l _ m [ h ] b i l _ ^ ni [ H cn_ e
m ] l _ q j f[ ] _ ^ ch nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ * K_ l ` i l g _ ^ nb l i o a b [ mo \ g _ h n[ f ch ì
] cmci h ( nb cm n_ ] b h ck o _ ch p i fp _ m n[ e ch a ^ i q h g o m] f_ ` l i g nb _ ch ì
h _ l [ mj _ ] n i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ * < ] ] i l ^ ch a ni B o s o l i h ( nb _ g _ nb i ^
b [ m h i n \ _ _ h p _ l s _ ` ` _ ] ncp _ ` i l ] i h n[ ch ch a [ \ ca a f[ h ^ *
No ffcp [ h 4-)4.
b [ m \ _ _ h _ p [ fo [ nch a nb _ _ ` ` _ ] ncp _ h _ mm i ` mo mj _ h mci h
mo no l _ m ch m_ l n_ ^ nb l i o a b [ h ch nl [ i l [ f ch ] cmci h o m_ ^ ni l _ j i mcnci h
nb _ l _ f_ [ m_ ^ a f[ h ^ * C _ [ fmi cm ` ch ^ ch a cn ^ c` ` c] o fn ni ] i h mcmn_ h nfs
mo mj _ h ^ [ \ ca a f[ h ^ *
Gcnnf_ 03 [ fmi o m_ ^ ] [ \ f_ fce _ mo mj _ h mci h mo no l _ m [ h ] b i l _ ^ ni [ m] l _ q
ch nb _ f[ n_ l [ f g [ h ^ c\ f_ ni j o ff o j [ l _ fi ] [ n_ ^ a f[ h ^ ( \ o n ` i o h ^ nb _
g _ nb i ^ ni i ] i g j fc] [ n_ ^ ` i l l i o nch _ o m_ *
H s ] o l l _ h n n_ ] b h ck o _ ` i l ch nl [ ] [ j mo f[ l l _ f_ [ m_ [ h ^ l _ j i mcnci h ì
ch a cm [ l _ f[ ncp_ fs mcg j f_ i h _ ( q b c] b m_ _ g m ni \ _ [ m _ ` ` _ ] ncp _ [ m
nb _ g i l _ ] i g j f_ r g _ nb i ^ m ^ _ m] l c\ _ ^ j l _ p ci o mfs * J h ] _ ch mc^ _ nb _
] [ j mo f_ ( D nb i l i o a b fs ^ cp c^ _ nb _ [ ^ b _ mci h m ni nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f
fi \ _ [ h ^ nb _ h D o m_ nb _ ] i l m_ n j f [ ns mg [ j f [ m ns ( q cnb i l q cnb i o n
[ ^ ^ cnci h [ f \ o nnl _ mmch a j f_ [ nm( ni b i f^ nb _ a f[ h ^ ch q [ l ^ ( o j q [ l ^ (
[ h ^ \ [ ] e q [ l ^ fi h a _ h i o a b ` i l cn ni $b i j _ ` o ffs % b _ [ f nb _ l _ *

\ SQY ZW
Tb3
Ob cm [ j j l i [ ] b g [ s \ _ j [ l nc] o f[ l fs q _ ff mo cn_ ^ ` i l nb _ g i ^ _ l [ n_ ì
mct _ ^ U I TX W [ Q\ QW V M L mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ nb [ n cm ` i o h ^ [ n mo l a _ l s ni
\ _ b _ f^ \ s ch nl [ ] [ j mo f[ l [ ^ b _ mci h m ch [ j i mcnci h nb [ n cm ni i fi q
[ h ^ ni i [ h n_ l ci l ` i l ] i h ] _ [ fg _ h n( ch [ j [ nc_ h n ch q b i g [ j [ l nc[ f
_ r ] cmci h cm ^ _ _ g _ ^ o h h _ ] _ mm[ l s i l ] i h nl [ ch ^ c] [ n_ ^ *
H s ] b [ h ] _ m i ` _ fcg ch [ nch a i l j l _ p _ h nch a [ j i mni j _ l [ ncp _ \ o fa _ \ s
l _ f_ [ mch a [ h ^ l _ j i mcnci h ch a [ g i ^ _ l [ n_ )mct _ ^ fi \ _ [ l _ mfca b nfs \ _ nì
n_ l nb [ h 1 , )1 , * = o n fce _ g s ] i ff_ [ a o _ m( D b [ p _ h i n b [ ^ p _ l s g o ] b
mo ] ] _ mm l _ j i mcnci h ch a [ \ ca a f[ h ^ *
C i q _ p _ l ( c` [ j [ nc_ h n n_ ffm g _ nb [ n b _ i l mb _ ^ i _ m h i n q [ h n j [ l n i `
nb _ a f[ h ^ l _ m_ ] n_ ^ ã i l nb _ j [ nc_ h n b [ m [ ^ l s g i o nb ] i h ^ cnci h (
q b c] b ch g s p c_ q cm [ ] i h nl [ ch ^ c] [ nci h ni j [ l nc[ f a f[ h ^ _ r ] cmci h ã
Dq cff ^ i [ l _ f_ [ m_ [ h ^ l _ j i mcnci h ch a ch [ h [ nn_ g j n ni [ n f_ [ mn ^ cì
g ch cmb nb _ \ o fa _ *
Ob cm j [ nc_ h n b [ ^ g i ^ _ l [ n_ fs f[ l a _ a f[ h ^ m( j [ l nfs ] i h ] _ [ f_ ^ \ s [
` o ff ` f[ ] ] c^ h _ ] e * Nb _ ^ c^ h i n q [ h n [ j [ l nc[ f l _ m_ ] nci h ^ i h _ * < nb i l ì
i o a b g _ ^ c[ f l _ f_ [ m_ i ` nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ m q [ m ^ i h _ ( ` i ffi q _ ^
\ s [ mh o a ] i l m_ n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns nb [ n ch ] fo ^ _ ^ \ o nnl _ mmch a j f_ [ nm
i p _ l nb _ a f[ h ^ m* Ai l no h [ n_ fs ( b _ l l _ j i mcnci h _ ^ a f[ h ^ m b [ p _ l _ ì
g [ ch _ ^ h _ [ l fs ch p cmc\ f_ ã [ n f_ [ mn [ n b _ l f[ mn i ` ` c] _ pcmcn 2 g i h nb m
[ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s !ZQOP \ "&
C i q _ p _ l ( h i n _ p _ l s l _ j i mcnci h ch a cm [ m mo ] ] _ mm` o f [ m nb cm i h _ *
H i l _ i ` n_ h ( [ l _ f_ [ m_ ^ [ h ^ l _ j i mcnci h _ ^ a f[ h ^ q cff f[ s fi q ` i l [
ncg _ ( [ h ^ nb _ h l _ [ l cnm b _ [ ^ [ a [ ch ( [ m ch nb _ h _ r n ] [ m_ *

2 n a c P[
O\ RW
Pc ZO` a OZW
dO`g UZO\ R Pc ZUSa
< l [ nb _ l f[ l a _ a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ ] [ h \ _ _ [ mcfs m_ _ h ch nb _ j l _ i j _ l [ ncp _ j b i ni !TMN\ "&
O b _ ] _ h n_ l j b i ni q [ m n[ e _ h [ n mo l a _ l s ( [ ` n_ l ] i g j f_ nci h i ` [ h _ r n_ h mcp _ ch ì
nl [ ] [ j mo f[ l l _ f_ [ m_ i ` nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ ( ` i ffi q _ ^ \ s [ ] i l m_ n q cnb \ o nì
nl _ mmch a mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l j f_ [ nm* < n nb [ n ncg _ ( nb _ \ o fa _ b [ ^ \ _ _ h _ h ncl _ fs _ ` ì
` [ ] _ ^ * C i q _ p _ l ( \ s . q _ _ e m j i mni j _ l [ ncp _ fs ( [ l _ ] o l l _ h n \ o fa _ q [ m [ fl _ [ ^ s
h i nc] _ [ \ f_ ( [ h ^ [ n -
g i h nb [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s !ZQOP \ "$ nb _ \ o fa _ q [ m \ [ ] e [ m \ ca
[ m cn q [ m \ _ ` i l _ mo l a _ l s *
> < H J P AG< B DI B < = P GB @
Dh [ ` [ nns h _ ] e q cnb [ j [ fj [ \ fs _ h f[ l a _ ^ i l g ch cg [ ffs p cmc\ f_ N H N B ( > i h h _ ff-0
m o a a _ mn_ ^ nb [ n h i n [ ff i ` nb _ _ r ] _ mm m o \ ] o n[ h _ i o m ` [ n mo l l i o h ^ ch a nb _
a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ \ _ l _ g i p _ ^ ni g [ ch n[ ch mi g _ ] i h ] _ [ fg _ h n* Ob cm cm \ i nb [ j l o ì
^ _ h n [ h ^ [ j l [ ] nc] [ f l _ ] i g g _ h ^ [ nci h ( \ o n ch g s p c_ q cn ] [ h \ _ ( [ n ncg _ m( [
mo \ i j ncg [ f mi fo nci h ni nb _ j l i \ f_ g i ` nb _ \ o fa _ ( \ _ ] [ o m_ cn g [ s f_ [ p _ g i l _
` o ffh _ mm ch nb _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l t i h _ nb [ h cm c^ _ [ f* Dh a _ h _ l [ f( Dj l _ ` _ l ni g [ ch ì
n[ ch nb _ _ mm_ h nc[ f j [ ^ ^ ch a i ` ` [ n i h nb _ h _ ] e ` f[ j [ h ^ nb _ h nl cg [ q [ s q b [ n#m
h i h _ mm_ h nc[ f( f_ [ p ch a nb _ a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ ni \ _ ^ _ [ fn q cnb [ m m_ _ g m \ _ mn*
N b i o f^ [ h N H N B \ o fa _ [ j j _ [ l j i mni j _ l [ ncp _ fs ( \ i nb > i h h _ ff-0 [ h ^ Gcnnf_ 03
j l i j i m_ ^ ch d_ ] nch a ` [ n [ l i o h ^ nb _ \ o g j ni mi ` n_ h cnm i o nfch _ [ h ^ cg j l i p _
nb _ ] [ g i o ` f[ a _ *
< ` f[ n g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l \ i ^ s g [ s g [ e _ [ h N H N B \ o fa _ [ j j _ [ l g i l _ j l i g ch _ h n*
Dh nb [ n m_ nnch a ( M[ g cl _ t l _ ] i g g _ h ^ _ ^ ( [ m g _ h nci h _ ^ _ [ l fc_ l ( [ o a g _ h nch a
nb _ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l \ i ^ s q cnb [ h [ ffi j f[ mnc] cg j f[ h n ni ] l _ [ n_ g i l _ ^ _ j nb o h ^ _ l
nb _ d[ q fch _ ni \ _ nn_ l b c^ _ nb _ a f[ h ^ ch nb _ m b [ ^ i q m *2/ )22

h _ ] e fc`n
K< MOD< G M @N@> ODJ I J A OC @ B G < I ?
R b _ nb _ l nb _ \ o fa ch a cm ] [ o m_ ^ \ s ni i fcnnf_ mj [ ] _ ` i l [ ff i ` nb _ a f[ h ^ ch nb _
` fi i l i ` nb _ g i o nb ( nb _ q _ ca b n i ` nb _ a f[ h ^ mnl _ n] b ch a mo j j i l nch a ncmmo _ m(
a f[ h ^ _ h f[ l a _ g _ h n( i l \ s [ mb c` nch _ mm nb [ n [ ffi q m cn ni mfcj ` l _ _ ` l i g g [ h )
g [ ^ _ mb [ ] e f_ m( [ \ ca a f[ h ^ i ` n_ h m_ _ g m ni ^ _ ` s mo \ g cmmci h \ s [ ff g _ [ h m
i nb _ l nb [ h mct _ l _ ^ o ] nci h * < h _ r [ g j f_ cm m_ _ h \ _ fi q *
= _ ` i l _ nb cm q i g [ h #m `cl mn h _ ] e fc`n( \ cf[ n_l [ f N H N B \ o fa _ m q _ l _ ] f_ [ l fs pcmcì
\ f_ !TMN\"& < n mo l a _ l s [ ] i l m_ n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns q [ m j _ l ` i l g _ ^ ( q b c] b ch ] fo ^ ì
_ ^ \ o nnl _ mmch a j f_ [ nm [ h ^ l _ n[ ch ch a mfch a mo no l _ m* Ob _ _ [ l fs l _ mo fn q [ m k o cn_
m[ ncm` [ ] ni l s ( \ o n a l [ ^ o [ ffs nb _ \ o fa _ m l _ [ j j _ [ l _ ^ * C_ l [ j j _ [ l [ h ] _ i h i h _
mc^ _ $\ i nb mc^ _ m fi i e _ ^ nb _ m[ g _ % cm m_ _ h 2 s _ [ l m f[ n_ l !ZQOP \ "&
< m_ ] i h ^ h _ ] e fc`n q [ m nb _ h ^ i h _ nb [ n [ a [ ch ch ] fo ^ _ ^ p_ l nc] [ f \ o nnl _ mmch a
j f_ [ nm* J h ] _ [ a [ ch nb _ chcnc[ f l _ mo fn q [ m j f_ [ mch a ( \ o n 0 s _ [ l m f[ n_l ( mb _ l _ ì
no l h _ ^ q cnb _ p_ h \ ca a _ l \ o fa _ m !TMN\"& Dh l _ mj i h m_ ( D l _ m_ ] n_ ^ nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f
fi \ _ m !KMV\ MZ"$ q b c] b l _ mo fn_ ^ ch [ mn[ \ f_ `ch[ f ] i l l _ ] nci h !ZQOP \"&

2 n a c P[
O\ RW
Pc ZO` a OZW
dO`g UZO\ R Pc ZUSa
K_ l b [ j m nb _ ` cl mn mo l a _ i h ni j l i j i m_ ^ _ ] l _ [ mch a nb _ mct _ i ` nb _
mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f [ l m[ fcp [ l s a f[ h ^ m ` i l j o l _ fs [ _ mnb _ nc] l _ [ mi h m q [ m
= l o ] _ > i h h _ ff( q b i mj i e _ i ` cn [ n [ h ch n_ l h [ nci h [ f f_ ] no l _ a cp _ h ch
- 5 2 1 * T _ [ l m f[ n_ l ( ch - 5 3 2 ( [ n [ h < g _ l c] [ h Ni ] c_ ns ` i l < _ mnb _ nc]
Kf[ mnc] N o l a _ l s m s g j i m co g b _ f^ ch ? _ h p _ l ( > i fi l [ ^ i (#1 b _ ^ _ ì
m] l c\ _ ^ [ j [ l nc[ f a f[ h ^ _ r ] cmci h nb l i o a b [ f[ n_ l [ f ` [ ] _ fc`n ch ] cmci h *
> i h h _ ff q [ m [ mmcmn_ ^ ch m i g _ i ` nb i m _ _ [ l fs [ _ mnb _ nc] a f[ h ^ l _ ì
m_ ] nci h m \ s B [ l l s N* = l i ^ s i ` Gi m < h a _ f_ m( q b i a l [ ] ci o mfs n[ o a b n
g _ b i q ni j _ l ` i l g [ h N H N B l _ m_ ] nci h nb l i o a b [ h i p _ l fs ch a me ch
ch ] cmci h * = l i ^ s b [ ^ \ _ ] i g _ k o cn_ j l i ` c] c_ h n [ n j _ l ` i l g ch a nb _
j l i ] _ ^ o l _ i h ] b cf^ l _ h q cnb ] _ l _ \ l [ f j [ fms [ h ^ ? i q h m s h ^ l i g _ ni
^ _ ] l _ [ m_ nb _ cl ^ l i i fch a *
= s nb _ f[ n_ - 5 4 , m D q [ m j _ l ` i l g ch a [ fi n i ` mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f mo l a _ l s
nb l i o a b nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f ch ] cmci h ( q b c] b \ l i o a b n g _ ni i l ch ni nb _
a f[ h ^ ] [ j mo f_ * > i h m_ k o _ h nfs ( D \ _ a [ h ni ^ i [ h i ] ] [ mci h [ f j [ l nc[ f
l _ m_ ] nci h i ` [ \ ca a f[ h ^ nb l i o a b nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f [ j j l i [ ] b * O b i m _
ch cnc[ f j l i ] _ ^ o l _ m q _ l _ h i n [ f q [ s m _ [ ms * = [ ] e nb _ h D` i o h ^ nb _ d_ nì
fce _ \ f_ _ ^ ch a nb [ n ] i o f^ _ l o j n ` l i g nb _ ] o n _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ ` l c[ \ f_
a f[ h ^ m i g _ q b [ n o h m_ nnfch a ( [ h ^ \ _ ] [ o m_ D l _ g i p _ ^ h i g i l _ nb [ h
-
i l . ] g i ` nb _ g _ ^ c[ f mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ ( D i ` n_ h f_ ` n nb _ j [ nc_ h n
q cnb [ j _ l mcmn_ h n( nb i o a b mg [ ff_ l ( a f[ h ^ \ o fa _ * < f nb i o a b D ` _ fn nb _
j l i ] _ ^ o l _ b [ ^ l _ [ f g _ l cn( D j l i ] _ _ ^ _ ^ p _ l s ] [ o nci o mfs *
O b _ h ch - 5 5 - D l _ [ ^ nb _ ` cl mn j o \ fcmb _ ^ l _ j i l n i ` mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l
m[ fcp [ l s a f[ h ^ l _ m_ ] nci h ` i l [ _ mnb _ nc] ch ^ c] [ nci h m \ s ^ _ Kch [ [ h ^
L o ch n[ *-5 < ff i ` nb _ a f[ h ^ l _ m_ ] nci h m ch nb _ cl m_ l c_ m q _ l _ ^ i h _ [ m
m _ ] i h ^ [ l s j l i ] _ ^ o l _ m ` i l j _ l mcmn_ h n i l g i l _ j l i g ch _ h n \ o fa _ m
` i ffi q ch a j l _ p ci o m ` [ ] _ )h _ ] e fc`nm* < ff q _ l _ ^ i h _ nb l i o a b [ f[ n_ l [ f
` [ ] _ )h _ ] e fc`n ch ] cmci h i l nb l i o a b [ h i p _ l fs ch a me ch ch ] cmci h * < h ^
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mi ] c[ n_ ^ q cnb [ nl [ h mc_ h n j i mni j _ l [ ncp _ fcj ^ _ j l _ mmi l q _ [ e h _ mm*
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g c[ ( ] i g j [ l _ ^ q cnb - 0 ! ch nb _ ] i h nl i f a l i o j *
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_ r ] cmci h ` i l \ _ h ca h ^ cm_ [ m_ * < fnb i o a b nb _ [ \ mnl [ ] n i ` nb _ ? [ h cmb )
f[ h a o [ a _ [ l nc] f_ nb [ n Dl _ [ ^ ^ c^ h i n k o [ h nc` s nb _ _ r [ ] n ch ] c^ _ h ] _ (
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_ l [ ncp_ ] i g j f[ ch n q [ m ^ l s h _ mm i ` nb _ g i o nb ( q b c] b ch ] l _ [ m_ ^
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mca h c` c] [ h n _ h i o a b ^ cm_ [ m_ ch [ n f_ [ mn i h _ a f[ h ^ ni j l i g j n nb _ l _ ì
m_ ] nci h ( [ h ^ cn ] i o f^ \ _ [ mmo g _ ^ nb [ n [ n f_ [ mn mi g _ i ` nb _ j [ ì
nc_ h nm b [ ^ \ cf[ n_ l [ f ^ cm_ [ m_ ( f_ [ ^ ch a ni ^ cg ch cmb ch a ` o h ] nci h ch nb _
] i h nl [ f[ n_ l [ f h i h _ r ncl j [ n_ ^ a f[ h ^ [ m q _ ff*
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q cn b i h _ j [ nc_ h n ch q b i g \ cf[ n_ l [ f ] i g j f _ n_ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f fi \ _ l _ ì
m_ ] nci h m q _ l _ ^ i h _ ` i l [ _ mnb _ nc] l _ [ mi h m* Ob _ l _ ` i l _ ( ] i g \ ch ch a
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^ l s g i o n b ] i h ^ cnci h * D` nb _ s ^ i ( i l c` nb _ s [ l _ o h ] _ l n[ ch ( Dq i h #n
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l _ mc^ o [ f ] i h p _ r cns nb [ n nb _ j [ nc_ h n ^ cmfce _ ^ ( [ h ^ nb cm j l i g j n_ ^ [
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