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Ob _ ch p_ mnch a ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ [ ] nm [ m [ pcmo [ f [ h ^ [ g _ ] b [ h c] [ f m[ ` _ ns \ [ l l c_ l q b _ h
i j _ l [ nch a i h nb _ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f g c^ fch _ [ h ^ j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h [ l _ [ m* Ob cm ^ _ h m_ ` [ mì
] c[ f f[ s _ l b [ m [ h c^ _ h nc` c[ \ f_ [ j j _ [ l [ h ] _ ( [ h ^ [ m fi h a [ m D l _ g [ ch mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ni
cn* D#g i h m[ ` _ a l i o h ^ * Ob _ l _ [ l _ h i p cn[ f g c^ fch _ mnl o ] no l _ m mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ni nb _
ch p _ mnch a ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ * = _ fi q nb _ b s i c^ ( [ fi h a nb _ g c^ fch _ i ` nb _ h _ ] e \ _ nq _ _ h
nb _ mnl [ j g o m] f_ m( nb _ l _ [ l _ nb l _ _ f[ s _ l m i ` ` [ m] c[ 6 nb _ ch p_ mnch a ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ (
nb _ ` o m_ ^ mnl [ j g o m] f_ ` [ m] c[ ( [ h ^ nb _ j l _ nl [ ] b _ [ f ` [ m] c[ * Al i g [ ] fch c] [ f j i ch n
i ` p c_ q ( [ ff nb l _ _ f[ s _ l m [ j j _ [ l [ m i h _ \ f_ h ^ _ ^ f[ s _ l * Dh nb _ cffo mnl [ nci h [ \ i p _ (
h i n_ nb _ ] [ j mo f_ ` i l nb _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp[ l s a f[ h ^ ( ] i g j i m_ ^ i ` ch p_ mnch a
^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ ( [ h ^ nb _ a f[ h ^ ch mc^ _ *

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J h nb _ l ca b n mc^ _ ( nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f mnl [ j g o m] f_ m b [ p _ \ _ _ h ^ cp c^ _ ^
[ h ^ l _ ` f_ ] n_ ^ ni l _ p_ [ f nb _ ^ _ _ j mnl [ j g o m] f_ m( ] l c] i nb s l i c^ g o m ì
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4 0

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Ob _ j f[ ns mg [ $B l _ _ e ` i l j f[ n_ i l ` f[ n i \ d_ ] n % cm [ h _ p i fo nci h [ l s
b i f^ i p _ l i ` nb _ XI VVQK] T] [ KI ZV W[ ] [ $ I mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m g o m] f_ nb [ n
cm q _ ff)^ _ p _ fi j _ ^ ch b [ cl s )] i [ n_ ^ g [ g g [ fm( ch q b i g cn cm o m_ ` o f
` i l mb [ e ch a i ` ` ` fc_ m*/ 3)1. = o n nb _ j f[ ns mg [ cmh #n g o ] b o m_ ni nb i m_
i ` o m q b i h i q a l [ t _ nb _ mb i j j ch a g [ ffm ch mn_ [ ^ i ` j l _ b cmni l c]
g _ [ ^ i q m( _ r ] _ j n j _ l b [ j m ni j o ff ^ i q h nb _ ] i l h _ l m i ` i o l g i o nb
q b _ h q _ [ l _ i h nb _ p _ l a _ i ` n_ [ l m i l ` l ca b n_ h _ ^ i o n i ` i o l q cnm*
< h ^ nb _ h ( i ` ] i o l m_ ( nb _ l _ cm nb _ ch _ pcn[ \ f_ m[ a a ch a i ` nb _ j f[ ns m)
g [ #m g _ ^ c[ f _ ^ a _ m [ h ^ [ nn[ ] b _ ^ me ch ( q b c] b m_ _ g m o h [ p i c^ [ \ fs
ni ] i h do l _ cg [ a _ m i ` ^ _ q f[ j j _ ^ ] i q m (è1, q [ nnf_ )nb l i [ n_ ^ \ cl ^ m5.
mo ] b [ m a i \ \ fch a no l e _ s m(. [ h ^ m[ cf)h _ ] e _ ^ ca o [ h [ m&)I/
N[ h ^ q c] b _ ^ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m ` [ n $mo j _ l ` c] c[ f [ ^ cj i ` [ m)
] c[ f f[ s _ l % [ h ^ nb _ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n $^ _ _ j [ ^ cj i ` [ m] c[ f f[ s _ l % i ` nb _
h _ ] e (3/ è, 4 nb _ j f[ ns mg [ $i l g i l _ [ ] ] o l [ n_ fs ( nb _ j fo l [ f( j f[ ns mg [ m(
mch ] _ nb _ l _ l _ [ ffs [ l _ n q i è1, % ã cm [ \ l i [ ^ _ f[ mnc] g o m] f_ q b i m _
nb c] e h _ mm [ h ^ q c^ nb p [ l s ] i h mc^ _ l [ \ fs * Ob cm p[ l c[ \ cfcns m_ _ g m
g i mnfs o h l _ f[ n_ ^ ni [ a _ ( j b s mc] [ f ns j _ ( l [ ] _ ( i l _ nb h c] cns *è Dh mi g _
j [ nc_ h nm( nb _ j f[ ns mg [ cm ^ _ h m_ [ h ^ m[ h a o ch _ ( q b _ l _ [ m ch i nb _ l m(
cn [ j j _ [ l m q cmj s ( j [ f_ ( [ h ^ _ [ mcfs ni l h * H s i q h cg j l _ mmci h cm nb [ n
ch ] l _ [ mch a fs \ _ s i h ^ nb _ [ a _ i ` 3 , ( nb _ g o m] f_ \ _ ] i g _ m j l i a l _ mì
mcp _ fs nb ch h _ l [ h ^ g i l _ ` c\ l i nc] * = o n _ p _ h ch _ f^ _ l fs ch ^ cp c^ o [ fm nb _
j f[ ns mg [ o mo [ ffs g [ ch n[ ch m _ h i o a b _ f[ mnc] cns ni [ ffi q cn ni \ _ mo l ì
a c] [ ffs mnl _ n] b _ ^ ( ` i f^ _ ^ ( [ h ^ a [ nb _ l _ ^ *
Ob cm ch b _ l _ h n g [ ff_ [ \ cfcns cm g i mnfs [ a i i ^ nb ch a ( \ _ ] [ o m_ cn g _ [ h m
nb [ n nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ] [ h \ _ q i l e _ ^ ch ni mb [ j _ q cnb i o n b [ p ch a ni
] o n i l l _ g i p _ j i l nci h m( q b c] b g [ s q _ [ e _ h cnm [ \ cfcns ni [ ] n [ m [
l _ n[ ch _ l [ h ^ l _ mnl [ ch _ l i ` mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ncmmo _ m nb [ n [ l _ q i h n ni
\ o fa _ * = o n mcg cf[ l ni mi g _ q i p _ h ` [ \ l c] m( nb cm g [ ff_ [ \ cfcns g [ e _ m
nb _ g o m] f_ mo m] _ j nc\ f_ [ n ncg _ m ni mnl _ mm l _ f[ r [ nci h [ ` n_ l cn b [ m
\ _ _ h j o ff_ ^ nca b nfs [ h ^ [ fmi [ ffi q m nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ni J W \ \ W U W ] \ c`
cn \ _ ] i g _ m m i a a s [ ` n_ l \ _ ch a \ [ nb _ ^ ch [ j o ^ ^ f_ i ` m_ l o g ` i l [
q _ _ e i l nq i *

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41
M[ l _ fs ( nb _ j f[ ns mg [ q cff [ j j _ [ l ni \ _ [ fg i mn ] i h ` fo _ h n [ ] l i mm nb _ ` l i h n i ` nb _
h _ ] e ( [ m cn ^ c^ ch nb _ j [ nc_ h n [ \ i p _ !TMN\ "$ [ fnb i o a b [ g c^ fch _ m_ j [ l [ nci h i ` mi l nm
] [ h [ fq [ s m \ _ ` i o h ^ * H o ] b g i l _ ] i g g i h fs ( nb _ nq i j f[ ns mg [ m [ l _ ] f_ [ l fs ^ cmì
nch ] n [ fi h a g i mn i ` nb _ g c^ fch _ ( ] l _ [ nch a [ h ch p _ l n_ ^ )Q ] f_ ` n( q cnb [ p[ l c[ \ f_ [ j _ r
nb [ n cm fi ] [ n_ ^ [ h s q b _ l _ ` l i g nb _ j l i g ch _ h ] _ i ` nb _ nb s l i c^ ] [ l ncf[ a _ o j ni nb _
ncj i ` nb _ ] b ch * Dh - , ! ni - 1 ! i ` j [ nc_ h nm( nb _ _ ^ a _ m l _ g [ ch _ h ncl _ fs m_ j [ l [ n_ (
q b cf_ Dh nb _ i nb _ l 4 1 ! ni 5 , ! nb _ g o m] f_ ` [ m] c] f_ m _ cnb _ l ch n_ l f[ ] _ [ ] l i mm nb _
g c^ fch _ \ _ fi q nb _ ] b ch ( i l i h _ mc^ _ ] i g j f_ n_ fs i p _ l f[ j m nb _ i nb _ l * Dh b [ f` nb _
j [ nc_ h nm q cnb di ch _ ^ g o m] f_ m( nb _ [ l _ [ i ` ^ _ ] o mm[ nci h cm f_ mm nb [ h . ] g 7 Dh nb _
i nb _ l b [ f` ( cn cm g i l _ nb [ h . ] g *& Dh nb cm j [ nc_ h n !ZQOP \ "$ nb _ l _ cm j _ l b [ j m [ - ] g
mo \ g _ h n[ f ^ _ ] o mm[ nci h *
No l a _ i h m q b i nca b n_ h nb _ j f[ ns mg [ \ s j o ffch a nb _ g o m] f_ \ [ ] e q [ l ^ a _ h _ l [ ffs
j l _ ` _ l ni b [ p _ mi g _ ^ _ a l _ _ i ` mo \ g _ h n[ f g o m] f_ ^ _ ] o mm[ nci h j l _ m_ h nã ` _ _ fch a
nb [ n nb _ h [ no l [ ffs di ch _ ^ g o m] f_ _ ^ a _ m a cp _ nb _ g mi g _ nb ch a Dh b _ l _ h nfs mn[ \ f_
ni j o ff [ a [ ch mn* = o n ` i l i nb _ l mo l a _ i h m( g s m_ f` Dh ] fo ^ _ ^ ( q b i ^ i h i n j o ff \ [ ] e ì
q [ l ^ i h nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ( b [ p ch a [ t i h _ i ` j f[ ns mg [ ^ _ ] o mm[ nci h cm i ` fcnnf_ cg j i l ì
n[ h ] _ * J ` ch n_ l _ mn( b i q _ p _ l ( cm nb _ ` [ ] n nb [ n ch nb _ [ l _ [ q b _ l _ nb _ j f[ ns mg [ cm
^ _ ] o mm[ n_ ^ ( nb _ l _ [ l _ o mo [ ffs h i j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m j l _ m_ h n*- 1, -1- I i h _ nb _ f_ mm(
c` mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f mo l a _ l s h _ _ ^ m ni \ _ ^ i h _ ( nb _ ^ _ ] o mm[ n_ ^ g o m] f_ b [ m ni \ _
mj fcn ^ i q h nb _ g c^ fch _ ` i l [ ^ _ k o [ n_ [ ] ] _ mm ni nb _ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ncmmo _ m* D` g _ ì
^ c[ f _ ^ a _ g o m] f_ \ [ h ^ m [ l _ j l _ m_ h n \ _ fi q nb _ [ l _ [ i ` ^ _ ] o mm[ nci h ( [ ] i l m_ n
j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns ( i l mi g _ p[ l c[ nci h ( h _ _ ^ m ni \ _ mn[ l n_ ^ do mn \ _ fi q nb _ ] b ch (
q cnb [ h ch ` i f^ ch a i ` nb _ [ l _ [ i ` ^ _ ] o mm[ nci h *
ÇM_ ` _ l _ h ] _ m . 0 ( . 1 ( / . ( 3 5 ( - - 3 ( - 1 , * - 1 - *

4 2

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< fnb i o a b nb _ mj _ ] c` c] j [ nn_ l h i ` mo \ g _ h n[ f j f[ ns mg [ ^ _ ] o mm[ nci h m_ _ g m ni
b [ p_ fcnnf_ ] fch c] [ f mca h c` c] [ h ] _ ( nb _ j b s mc] [ f [ h ^ ` o h ] nci h [ f ] i h h _ ] ncp cns nb [ n
nb _ j f[ ns mg [ b [ m q cnb nb _ ] i l h _ l i ` nb _ g i o nb ( nb _ mi )] [ ff_ ^ U WL QWT] [ $ [ h ^
q cnb nb _ g o m] f_ m i ` nb _ fi q _ l fcj ^ i _ m m_ _ g ni b [ p_ cg j i l n[ h n ] fch c] [ f cg j fcì
] [ nci h mã j [ l nc] o f[ l fs ch l _ a [ l ^ ni nb _ ] [ o m_ [ h ^ _ ` ` _ ] n i ` [ fi q _ l fcj ^ _ j l _ mì
mi l q _ [ e h _ mm ` i ffi q ch a [ h _ ] e fc`n i l ` [ ] _ fc`n mo l a _ l s ã [ g [ nn_ l nb [ n D#ff ^ cmì
] o mm ch mi g _ ^ _ n[ cf q b _ h D n[ fe [ \ i o n nb _ `[ ] c[ f h _ l p_ \ _ fi q *
= _ ] [ o m_ nb _ j f[ ns mg [ [ h ^ nb _ g o m] f_ m i ` nb _ fi q _ l fcj ch n_ l g ch a f_ [ h ^ ch n_ l ì
j f[ s q cnb i h _ [ h i nb _ l ( [ ^ _ m] l cj nci h i ` nb i m_ g o m] f_ m nb [ n g i p _ nb _ fi q _ l fcj
cm [ j j l i j l c[ n_ *
Dn cm cg j i l n[ h n ni h i n_ nb _ ^ c` ` _ l _ h ] _ m \ _ nq _ _ h q b [ n Dq cff ] [ ff nb _ i f^ _ l [ h [ nì
i g s $j l _ )- 5 4 , % [ h ^ nb _ h _ q _ l [ h [ ni g s * Ob _ h _ q _ l [ h [ ni g s m_ _ g m ni b [ p_
\ _ _ h j l i j i m_ ^ \ s K_ n_ l G* R cffc[ g m( nb _ f[ n_ j l i ` _ mmi l i ` [ h [ ni g s [ n B o s #m
Ci mj cn[ f ch Gi h ^ i h ( [ h ^ nb _ f_ [ ^ _ ^ cni l i ` nb _ f[ mn ` i o l _ ^ cnci h m i ` 8 ZI a [ 3 VI \ i
WU a & C i q _ p _ l ( cn q [ m Nn[ h f_ s N[ fg i h m( Kl i ` _ mmi l i ` H _ ^ c] [ f >_ ff = ci fi a s ch
nb _ ? _ j [ l ng _ h n i ` C o g [ h < h [ ni g s [ n nb _ P h cp_ l mcns i ` Gcp_ l j i i f( q b i ] f_ [ l fs
^ _ m] l c\ _ ^ [ h ^ cffo mnl [ n_ ^ nb cm h _ q [ h [ ni g s ch nb _ / 4 nb _ ^ cnci h i ` 8 ZI a [ 3 VI \ i
WU a $ j o \ fcmb _ ^ ch - 5 5 1 *-.4)-.5 Ob _ ^ c` ` _ l _ h ] _ m \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ i f^ _ l [ h ^ h _ q _ l ^ _ ì
m] l cj nci h m i ` nb _ fi q _ l fcj g o m] o f[ no l _ [ l _ h o [ h ] _ ^ ( \ o n nb _ s [ l _ h i h _ nb _ f_ mm
cg j i l n[ h n( \ _ ] [ o m_ nb _ h _ q _ l ^ _ m] l cj nci h j l i pc^ _ m [ \ _ nn_ l g i ^ _ f ni o m_ q b _ h
nl s ch a ni o h ^ _ l mn[ h ^ b i q nb _ ^ _ j l _ mmi l g o m] f_ m i ` nb _ fi q _ l fcj [ h ^ nb _ cl ch ì
h _ l p[ nch a h _ l p_ m [ ] no [ ffs ` o h ] nci h *
Dh nb _ i f^ _ l [ h [ ni g c] ^ _ m] l cj nci h m( h i q nb i o a b n ni \ _ m i g _ q b [ n ch [ ] ] o ì
l [ n_ ( nb _ ^ _ j l _ mmi l [ h a o fc i l cm ch m_ l nm ch ni nb _ f[ n_l [ f j i l nci h i ` nb _ fi q _ l fcj *
H _ ^ c[ f [ h ^ h _ r n ni nb _ ^ _ j l _ mmi l [ h a o fc i l cm mcnm nb _ \ l i [ ^ ^ _ j l _ mmi l f[ \ cc ch ` _ )
l ci l cm g o m] f_ * Ob _ j [ l m f[ \ c[ fcm j f[ ns mg [ ch nb _ fi q _ l fcj cm h i n l _ j l _ m_ h n_ ^ ch
nb cm i o n^ [ n_ ^ m] b _ g _ *

. ( Y mo l a c] [ f [ h [ ni g s i ` nb _ h _ ] e

43
Dh nb _ h _ q _ l [ h [ ni g s ( h i q nb i o a b n ni \ _ g i l _ [ ] ] o l [ n_ ( nb _ ^ _ j l _ mmi l [ h ì
a o fc i l cm ch m_ l nm ch ni nb _ g i ^ ci fo m do mn i o nmc^ _ i ` nb _ ] i l h _ l i ` nb _ g i o nb ( [ h ^
b [ m \ o n ` _ q ` c\ _ l m di ch ch a ^ cl _ ] nfs ch ni nb _ f[ n_ l [ f fi q _ l fcj * I _ r n ni cn mcnm nb _
f[ \ c[ f j [ l n i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ( ] [ ff_ ^ nb _ X I Z[ TI J QI TQ[ X TI \ a [ U I $ q b c] b l o h m \ _ ì
h _ [ nb nb _ ^ _ j l _ mmi l [ h a o fc i l cm [ h ^ ch m_ l nm ch ni nb _ f[ n_ l [ f fi q _ l fcj * I _ r n ni nb _
j [ l m f[ \ c[ fcm j f[ ns mg [ * Dh nb _ m[ g _ j f[ h _ ( q cnb ch n_ l g ch a f_ ^ ` c\ _ l m( mcnm nb _ ^ _ ì
j l _ mmi l f[ \ cf Dh ` _ l ci l m g o m] f_ *
O b _ g i ^ ci fo m $fce _ nb _ b o \ i ` [ ] [ l nq b _ _ f% cm
[ ^ _ h m_ \ o n ` f_ r c\ f_ ` c\ l i g o m] o f[ l g [ mm nb [ n
cm j [ fj [ \ f_ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ nb o g \ [ h ^ ch ^ _ r ` ch ì
a _ l * Dn cm fi ] [ n_ ^ do mn f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ i l [ f ] i g ì
g cmmo l _ ( q b _ l _ [ n f_ [ mn m_ p _ h g o m] f_ m ch nb _
] b _ _ e [ h ^ h _ ] e ( q b c] b [ l _ fs ch a ch ^ c` ` _ l _ h n
j f[ h _ m( g _ mb ni a _ nb _ l ni j l i ^ o ] _ nb _ mj _ ] ì
nl o g i ` g i p _ g _ h n nb [ n cm h i l g [ ffs j i mmc\ f_
[ n nb _ ] i l h _ l i ` nb _ g i o nb *&
ÇM_ ` _ l _ h ] _ m - / ( - 0 ( 0 4 ( 5 - ( - . 1 ( - . 4 *

4 4

\ SQY ZW
Tb
O b _ i l \ c] o f[ l cm i l cm( nb _ fi q _ l fcj nca b n_ h _ l ( \ f_ h ^ m q cnb [ h ^ ] i p ì
_ l m nb _ g o m] f_ m ^ _ m] l c\ _ ^ \ _ fi q * Dn cm ] i g j i m _ ^ i ` n q i j [ l nm
nb [ n [ l _ _ g \ l s i fi a c] [ ffs [ h ^ [ h [ ni g c] [ ffs ^ cmnch ] n*3/ O b _ mo j _ l ` cì
] c[ f j [ l n $j [ l m g [ l a ch [ fcm% fc_ m \ _ h _ [ nb nb _ p _ l g cfci h i ` nb _ fcj (
b [ m h i \ i h s i l ca ch ( \ f_ h ^ m q cnb nb _ N H < N ( [ h ^ ch m_ l nm ch ni nb _
me ch *2/ #-, )- 2, #2-
Dn j f[ s m [ l i f_ ch [ l nc] o f[ nci h [ h ^ ` [ ] c[ f _ r j l _ mmci h *
O b _ ^ _ _ j _ l j i l nci h $j [ l m j _ l cj b _ l [ fcm% fc_ m \ _ h _ [ nb nb _ g i l _ ] [ o ì
^ [ f h i h p _ l g cfci h me ch j i l nci h i ` nb _ fcj * Dn cm ^ _ l cp _ ^ ` l i g nb _ \ o ] ì
] ch [ ni l g o m] f_ [ h ^ i l ca ch [ n_ m ` l i g nb _ g i ^ ci fo m [ h ^ ] l i mm_ m nb _
fcj ni g _ l a _ q cnb cnm nq ch ` l i g nb _ i nb _ l mc^ _ * Dn [ ] nm ni ] i g j l _ mm
nb _ fcj m [ a [ ch mn nb _ n_ _ nb ( nb _ l _ \ s g [ ch n[ ch ch a i l [ f ] i g j _ n_ h ] _ *
O b _ i l \ c] o f[ l cm i l cm i ` nb _ fi q _ l fcj [ h ^ nb _ i l \ c] o f[ l cm i l cm i ` nb _
o j j _ l fcj ] [ h _ [ ] b nca b n_ h ch ^ _ j _ h ^ _ h nfs * O b _ i l \ c] o f[ l cm i l cm l _ ì
] _ cp _ m ch h _ l p [ nci h ` l i g nb _ fi q _ l \ o ] ] [ f \ l [ h ] b _ m [ h ^ nb _ g [ h ì
^ c\ o f[ l \ l [ h ] b _ m i ` nb _ ` [ ] c[ f h _ l p _ *&
ÇM_ ` _ l _ h ] _ m / - ( 1 0 ( - , 1 ( - . 3 ( - . 4 ( - 1 0 *

+ n a c `UW
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Ob _ ch ] cmcp o m f[ \ cc ch ` _ l ci l cm cm [ h [ ] ] _ mmi l s j [ l n i ` nb _ i l \ c] o f[ l cm
i l cm g o m] f_ nb [ n b [ m [ \ i h s [ nn[ ] b g _ h n ni nb _ ` fi i l i ` nb _ ch ] cì
mcp _ ` i mm[ i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ g _ h n[ fcm g o m] f_ * Ob cm
g o m] f_ ] o l p _ m o j q [ l ^ [ h ^ f[ n_ l [ ffs [ h ^ \ f_ h ^ m ni mi g _ _ r n_ h n
q cnb nb _ j [ l m j _ l cj b _ l [ fcm i ` nb _ i l \ c] o f[ l cm i l cm \ _ ` i l _ l _ [ ] b ch a
nb _ g i ^ ci fo m* Ob _ [ ] nci h i ` nb cm g o m] f_ cm ni j o ff nb _ ] i l h _ l i `
nb _ g i o nb ni q [ l ^ nb _ g c^ fch _ ã [ m cm ^ i h _ q b _ h j o l mch a nb _ fcj m
` i l q b cmnfch a *

5 ,

\ SQY ZW
Tb
< fnb i o a b nb _ l _ cm [ a i i ^ ^ _ [ f i ` ch n_ l f[ ] ch a i ` g o m] f_ ` c\ _ l m ch [ h ^ [ l i o h ^ nb _
fi q _ l fcj [ h ^ ] i l h _ l i ` nb _ g i o nb (#. 5 ` i l ^ _ m] l cj ncp _ [ m q _ ff [ m ` o h ] nci h [ f j o l ì
j i m_ m( nb _ j f[ ns m g [ ] [ h \ _ _ h p cmci h _ ^ [ m \ _ ch a ] i g j i m_ ^ i ` nb l _ _ j [ l nm* Ob _
j l _ ^ i g ch [ h n j [ l m g i ^ ci f[ l cm j f[ ns m g [ fc_ m j i mn_ l i f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ ^ _ j l _ mmi l [ h ì
a o fc i l cm* Dn j o ffm nb _ ] i l h _ l i ` nb _ g i o nb i o nq [ l ^ [ h ^ ^ i q h q [ l ^ \ o n b [ m h i
^ cl _ ] n [ h [ ni g c] ] i h nl c\ o nci h ni nb _ f[ \ ci g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l ] l _ [ m_ (ç 1 [ h ch n_ l g _ ^ c[ n_
j [ l m f[ \ c[ fcm j f[ ns mg [ nb [ n l o h m ^ _ _ j ni nb _ ^ _ j l _ mmi l [ h a o fc i l cm( l _ [ j j _ [ l ch a
[ n cnm g _ ^ c[ f \ i l ^ _ l * O b _ j [ l m f[ \ c[ fcm i ] ] o j c_ m nb _ mj [ ] _ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ ^ _ ì
j l _ mmi l [ h a o fc i l cm [ h ^ nb _ ^ _ j l _ m m i l f[ \ cc ch ` _ l ci l cm* Dn cm ch nb _ m[ g _ j f[ h _ [ m
nb _ ^ _ j l _ mmi l f[ \ cc ch ` _ l ci l cm( [ h ^ nb _ cl [ ^ d[ ] _ h n g [ l a ch m \ f_ h ^ [ h ^ nb _ g o m] f_
` c\ _ l m ch n_ l g ch a f_ ( mi nb [ n a l i mmfs ( cn cm ^ c` ` c] o fn ni n_ ff nb _ n q i g o m] f_ m [ j [ l n*
O b _ s b [ p _ mcg cf[ l [ nn[ ] b g _ h nm q cnb ch nb _ f[ n_ l [ f b [ f` i ` nb _ fi q _ l fcj ( [ h ^ \ i nb
[ ] n [ m ^ cl _ ] n ^ i q h q [ l ^ fi q _ l fcj nl [ ] ni l m7 nb [ n cm( nb _ s j [ mm ^ cl _ ] nfs ch ni nb _
ncmmo _ m i ` nb _ fi q _ l fcj ( h i n p c[ nb _ g i ^ ci fo m* Ob _ ` i l ] _ _ r _ l n_ ^ \ s nb _ m_ ^ i q h ì
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n[ ] b _ m ni nb _ ] _ h nl [ f g [ h ^ c\ f_ [ h ^ ] l cmm] l i mm_ m nb _ ] b ch ( _ r n_ h ^ ch a ch ni nb _
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o j q [ l ^ ni ] i h p _ l a _ i h nb _ g i ^ ci fo m* N i g _ ` c\ _ l m i ` nb _ j [ l m g i ^ ci f[ l cm j f[ ì
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fi q _ l fcj %( \ o n ch mn_ [ ^ cn cm [ ^ _ j l _ mmi l i ` nb _ ] i l h _ l i ` nb _ g i o nb $g i ^ ci fo m%*
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\ l [ h ] b _ m i ` nb _ ` [ ] c[ f h _ l p _ ch h _ l p [ n_ cn*
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[ \ i p _ nb _ i \ fck o _ fch _ g _ ^ c[ f ni nb _ g _ h n[ f ` i l [ g _ h * O b _ g o m] f_ ` c\ _ l m [ l _ ^ cì
l _ ] n_ ^ o j q [ l ^ [ h ^ g _ ^ c[ ffs [ h ^ ch m_ l n ch ni nb _ me ch i ` nb _ fi q _ l fcj * = _ fi q [ h ^
f[ n_ l [ ffs cn cm ] i h nch o i o m q cnb nb _ j [ l m f[ \ c[ fcm i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ * O b _ ^ _ j l _ mmi l
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j i n_ h nc[ ffs _ r j i mch a nb _ fi q _ l n_ _ nb ^ i q h ni nb _ a ch a cp [ * Dnm [ ] nci h g [ s [ fmi
] [ o m_ nb _ ] b ch ni q l ch e f_ mfca b nfs * Dn ` o h ] nci h m j l cg [ l cfs ^ o l ch a mj _ _ ] b * Dnm g i ì
ni l h _ l p _ cm [ g [ l a ch [ f g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l \ l [ h ] b * O b _ j [ l m f[ \ c[ fcm j f[ ns m g [ q [ m ^ _ ì
m] l c\ _ ^ _ [ l fc_ l * Dn ni i cm [ ^ i q h q [ l ^ nl [ ] ni l i ` nb _ f[ n_ l [ f fi q _ l fcj [ h ^ cm ch h _ l ì
p [ n_ ^ \ s _ cnb _ l [ ] _ l p c] [ f \ l [ h ] b i l [ g [ l a ch [ f g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l \ l [ h ] b *

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i o n ch ni nb _ me ch i ` nb _ ] b ch do mn \ _ fi q nb _ j [ l m g [ l a ch [ fcm i ` nb _
i l \ c] o f[ l cm i l cm g o m] f_ fce _ [ ^ i q h q [ l ^ )ncfn_ ^ ] i [ n j _ a j l i nl o ^ ì
ch a ` l i g [ q [ ff*-2. Dnm [ ] nci h j o ffm nb _ me ch i ` nb _ fi q _ l ] b ch o j ì
q [ l ^ ( j o ] e _ l ch a cn( [ h ^ nb o m [ mmcmnm ch j l i nl o ^ ch a nb _ fi q _ l fcj * Dn
cm ch h _ l p [ n_ ^ \ s [ g [ l a ch [ f g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l \ l [ h ] b *
Dn cm o m_ ` o f ni p cmo [ ffs ] i h nl [ mn nb _ [ ] nci h m i ` nb _ ^ _ j l _ mmi l
$nl [ ] ni l % g o m] f_ m i ` nb _ fi q _ l fcj q cnb nb _ g o m] f_ m nb [ n j o ff
^ i q h q [ l ^ i h nb _ ] i l h _ l i ` nb _ g i o nb [ n nb _ g i ^ ci fo m* Ai l
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nb _ a o g m( q b cf_ mcg o fn[ h _ i o mfs j o ffch a nb _ fcj mfca b nfs i o nq [ l ^ [ q [ s ` l i g nb _
n_ _ nb ( ] l _ [ nch a [ mb [ ^ i q _ ^ i p _ l b [ h a ã q b [ n A[ ca ch ] [ ffm \ P M TW _ M Z TQX K] ZTã [ h
[ ] nci h nb [ n i ] ] o l m i h fs ^ o l ch a mj _ _ ] b * C i q _ p _ l ( \ i nb g o m] f_ m j l i \ [ \ fs j o ff
nb _ fi q _ l fcj ^ i q h q [ l ^ ch nb _ mi )] [ ff_ ^ N] TT%L MV\ ] ZM [ U QTM WZ f[ o a b ( ch q b c] b
nb _ fi q _ l n_ _ nb [ l _ o h ] i p _ l _ ^ ( ] l _ [ nch a [ mk o [ l _ )mb [ j _ ^ g i o nb *
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^ i h i n ch m_ l n ch ni nb _ fi q _ l fcj * Ob _ [ ] nci h i ` _ [ ] b g o m] f_ cm ni j o ff nb _ ] i l h _ l i `
g i o nb ^ i q h q [ l ^ ( j l i ^ o ] ch a [ mca h [ no l _ l i q i ` ] o l p _ ^ nl [ h mp _ l m_ \ o fa _ m(
fce _ q [ p _ m [ j j l i [ ] b ch a [ mb i l _ fch _ * Ob cm g o m] f_ ] l _ [ n_ m [ ` l i q h nb [ n fi i e m
fce _ [ h o j mc^ _ )^ i q h mg cf_ * Ob _ ^ _ j l _ mmi l [ h a o fc i l cm g o m] f_ m i ` n_ h [ ] n ch ] i h ì
do h ] nci h q cnb nb _ g _ h n[ fcm g o m] f_ m ni ] l _ [ n_ [ h _ r j l _ mmci h nb [ n A[ ca ch ] [ ffm nb _
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[ h ^ q cnb nb [ n( nb _ fi q _ l fcj cm mnl _ n] b _ ^ mc^ _ ì
q [ s m mnl [ ca b n [ h ^ n[ o n* Nca h [ no l _ \ l [ ] e _ nfce _
` i f^ m ch nb _ mb [ j _ i ` [ h _ fi h a [ n_ ^ mk o [ l _ P
fs ch a i h cnm mc^ _ [ j j _ [ l f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ ] i l h _ l i `
nb _ g i o nb * Eo mn nb _ ncj m i ` nb _ n_ _ nb [ l _ \ [ l _ ^
c` nb _ fcj m [ l _ j [ l n_ ^ * D` nb _ g i o nb cm ] fi m_ ^ (
nb _ l _ cm fcnnf_ c` [ h s ^ i q h q [ l ^ nl [ ] nci h i h
nb _ fi q _ l fcj * Dh g i ^ _ l [ n_ ni _ r nl _ g _ ] i h nl [ ] ì
nci h ( j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m [ l _ l [ cm_ ^ ch nb _ h _ ] e *
G_ n#m h i q a _ n \ [ ] e ni [ g i l _ [ h [ ni g c] [ ffs ^ _ n[ cf_ ^ ] i h mc^ _ l [ ì
nci h i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f_ * Ki mn_ l ci l fs ( nb _ ] [ o ^ [ f j f[ ns mg [
] l i mm_ m nb _ do h ] nci h i ` nb _ g c^ ^ f_ [ h ^ f[ n_ l [ f nb cl ^ m i ` nb _ ] f[ pc] f_
ch [ ^ c[ a i h [ f ` [ mb ci h ( b _ [ ^ ch a ni q [ l ^ nb _ [ h a f_ i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ *
C i q _ p _ l ( nb _ _ r [ ] n j i mcnci h i ` nb cm f[ n_ l [ f j f[ ns mg [ _ ^ a _ cm k o cn_
p[ l c[ \ f_ * Dn [ fq [ s m i p_ l f[ j m [ n f_ [ mn nb _ fi q _ l b [ f` i ` nb _ mn_ l h i ì
g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ \ o n [ fmi f_ [ p_ m g i mn i ` nb _ j i mn_ l ci l nl c[ h a f_ i `
nb _ h _ ] e f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ o h ] i p _ l _ ^ * D fce _ nb _
^ _ m] l cj nci h i ` nb _ [ h [ ni g cmnm B l [ h n [ h ^ = [ mg [ dc[ h (2. q b i _ h p cì
mci h _ ^ nb _ j f[ ns mg [ g o m] f_ [ m [ h [ l l i q \ _ ^ mb _ _ n nb [ n b [ ^ \ _ _ h
j o ff_ ^ i ` ` nb _ [ h n_ l ci l nl c[ h a f_ ch [ h [ nn_ g j n ni ] i p _ l nb _ j i mn_ l ci l
i h _ * < n nb _ j i mn_ l ci l _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ( nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ` [ m] c[
` o m_ m q cnb nb _ ch p_ mnch a ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ nb [ n ] i p _ l m nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mì
ni c^ g o m] f_ *--.
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j f[ ns mg [ [ h ^ nb _ [ h n_ l ci l \ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ nl [ j _ t co m g o m] f_ cm
[ h [ h [ ni g c] [ ffs \ o ms h _ ca b \ i l b i i ^ * R cnb ch cnm \ i o h ^ [ l c_ m [ l _
` i o h ^ nb _ g [ ch m_ h mi l s h _ l p _ m i ` nb _ o j j _ l h _ ] e [ h ^ j _ l c[ o l c] o ì
f[ l l _ a ci h ( nb _ _ r n_ l h [ f do a o f[ l p_ ch ( [ h ^ do mn _ h i o a b i ` nb _ mj ch [ f
[ ] ] _ mmi l s h _ l p _ ni g [ e _ nb [ n h _ l p _ i ] ] [ mci h [ ffs po fh _ l [ \ f_ * Dh
nb _ j _ l ` i l g [ h ] _ i ` [ h _ ] e fc`n( cn cm [ h [ l _ [ nb [ n p _ l s i ` n_ h h _ _ ^ m
me ch ` f[ j o h ^ _ l g ch ch a ni i \ n[ ch [ h [ ^ _ k o [ n_ l _ ^ cmnl c\ o nci h i ` nb _
f[ n_l [ f h _ ] e me ch ( \ o n cn cm [ fmi nb _ [ l _ [ nb [ n cm nb _ g i mn ^ c` ` c] o fn ni
o h ^ _ l g ch _ ( q cnb nca b n ] i h h _ ] ncp _ ncmmo _ \ ch ^ ch a nb _ me ch ni nb _
ch p_ mnch a ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ ] i p _ l ch a nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ [ h ^ nl [ j _ t co m
g o m] f_ m* Ob _ l _ ` i l _ cn b _ fj m ni e h i q q b _ l _ ni ` ch ^ nb _ h _ o l i p [ mì
] o f[ l mnl o ] no l _ m nb [ n [ l _ [ n l cme *

2/

\ SQY ZW
Tb
< \ i o ^ c\ [ h ^ > [ l ^ i mi ^ _ > [ mnl i è mno ^ c_ ^ nb _ l _ f[ nci h mb cj i ` nb _ _ r n_ l h [ f
do a o f[ l p _ ch [ h ^ nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ ni nb _ j i mn_ l ci l _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ j f[ ì
ns m g [ [ h ^ ` i o h ^ nb [ n 1 , ! i ` nb _ ncg _ nb _ _ r n_ l h [ f do a o f[ l p _ ch q [ m j i mn_ l ci l
ni nb _ j i mn_ l ci l _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ( q cnb [ h [ p _ l [ a _ m_ j [ l [ nci h i ` -
] g [ h ^
[ g [ r cg o g m_ j [ l [ nci h i ` / ] g 7 0 , ! i ` nb _ ncg _ nb _ p _ ch l [ h l ca b n [ fi h a nb _
j i mn_ l ci l _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ g o m] f_ 7 [ h ^ - , ! i ` nb _ ncg _ nb _ p _ ch q [ m _ h ncl _ fs ] i p ì
_ l _ ^ \ s nb _ j f[ ns mg [ * < ff ] [ m_ m m b i q _ ^ nb _ _ r n_ l h [ f do a o f[ l p _ ch ] i p _ l _ ^ \ s
j f[ ns mg [ [ n [ ^ cmn[ h ] _ 4 *, ni 5 *1 ] g \ _ fi q nb _ nl [ a o m* O b _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l
h _ l p _ q [ m ` i o h ^ ni [ fq [ s m \ _ j i mn_ l ci l ni nb _ _ r n_ l h [ f do a o f[ l p _ ch ( q cnb [ h [ p ì
_ l [ a _ m_ j [ l [ nci h i ` - *1 ] g [ h ^ [ g [ r cg o g m_ j [ l [ nci h i ` . ] g * Dh nb _ - , ] [ ì
^ [ p _ l m mno ^ c_ ^ ( nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ q [ m [ fq [ s m j i mn_ l ci l ni nb _ j i mn_ l ci l
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@S O@MI < G EP BP G< M Q@DI
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fi q [ h ^ \ _ b ch ^ nb _ [ h a f_ i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ \ s [ o h ci h i ` nb _ l _ nl i g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l
p_ ch [ h ^ nb _ j i mn_ l ci l [ o l c] o f[ l p _ ch * J ] ] [ mci h [ ffs nb cm do h ] nci h i ] ] o l m [ n nb _
] [ o ^ [ f j i l nci h i ` nb _ j [ l i nc^ a f[ h ^ * < m cn ^ _ m] _ h ^ m p _ l nc] [ ffs ^ i q h q [ l ^ o h ^ _ l
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] f_ i \ fck o _ fs [ j j l i r cg [ n_ fs [ n nb _ do h ] nci h i ` nb _ fi q _ l [ h ^ g c^ ^ f_ nb cl ^ m i ` nb _
g o m] f_ ( b _ [ ^ ch a ni q [ l ^ nb _ g c^ ^ f_ i ` nb _ ] f[ pc] f_ * < \ i o n . ] g [ \ i p _ nb _ ] f[ p ì
c] f_ ( nb _ p _ ch j c_ l ] _ m nb _ ch p _ mnch a ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ [ h ^ _ h ^ m ch nb _ mo \ ] f[ p c[ h p _ ch *

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i ` n_ h l o h m j [ l [ ff_ f [ h ^ do mn [ h n_ l ci l ni nb _ _ r n_ l ì
h [ f do a o f[ l p_ ch ( nb _ _ r n_ l h [ f do a o f[ l p _ ch g [ s
h i n \ _ o h ^ _ l h _ [ nb g o m] f_ [ fi h a [ a i i ^ j i l ì
nci h i ` cnm ] i o l m_ ( \ o n cm ch mn_ [ ^ ] i p _ l _ ^ i h fs
\ s nb _ nb ch p_ cf i ` mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ] _ l pc] [ f ` [ m] c[ ( [ m
m_ _ h ch nb cm \ o l h j [ nc_ h n q b i b [ ^ [ ] i l m_ n j f[ ì
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nb _ j [ nc_ h n mo j ch _ * R b _ h D ^ cmm_ ] n \ fch ^ fs i p _ l nb _ p _ ch ( D ^ i mi do mn o h ^ _ l
nb _ me ch ( _ mj _ ] c[ ffs ch [ nb ch h _ ] e ( nl s ch a ni l _ g [ ch mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ni _ cnb _ l nb _
j f[ ns mg [ i l nb _ nb ch ` [ m] c[ ] i p _ l ch a nb _ p _ ch * D` nb _ ` [ m] c[ f p_ cf cm ^ cml o j n_ ^ ^ o l ì
ch a ` f[ j ^ cmm_ ] nci h ( nb _ p_ ch g [ s \ _ ] i g _ nl [ h mc_ h nfs g i l _ j l i g ch _ h nã \ o n q cnb
b _ [ fch a i ` nb _ ` f[ j [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ( m] [ l ncmmo _ ` i l g m [ l _ mnl [ ch ch a j m_ o ^ i ` [ m] c[ * D
^ i h #n nb ch e nb [ n Db [ p _ _ p _ l m_ _ h [ j _ l g [ h _ h nfs _ h f[ l a _ ^ _ r n_ l h [ f do a o f[ l p_ ch (
i l [ j m_ o ^ i [ h _ o l s mg i ` nb _ p_ ch j i mni j _ l [ ncp _ fs ( q b _ h nb _ ` [ m] c[ f ] i p _ l b [ ^
\ _ _ h ni l h * J ` ] i o l m_ ( c` nb _ p_ ch cm _ h n_ l _ ^ ^ o l ch a mo l a _ l s ( _ f_ ] nl i ] i [ a o f[ nci h
i l mo no l _ fca [ nci h cm ch i l ^ _ l *

5 4

\ SQY ZW
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j f[ ] _ ^ ( \ _ a ch ch nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f l _ a ci h [ h ^ l o h do mn i ` ` nb _ g c^ fch _ q cnb ch nb _
mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n i p _ l nb _ ch p _ mnch a ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ [ h ^ mn_ l h i b s i c^ g o m] f_ m ni
j c_ l ] _ nb _ ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ [ h ch ] b i l mi [ \ i p _ nb _ g [ h o \ l co g ni _ h n_ l nb _ mo \ mn_ l )
h [ f mj [ ] _ q b _ l _ [ ] l i mm ] b [ h h _ f o h cn_ m nb _ g * O b _ s [ fmi no l h f[ n_ l [ ffs ni l o h
[ fi h a nb _ o j j _ l \ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ ] f[ p c] f_ m \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ [ h ^ ch ` l [ ì
b s i c^ mnl [ j g o m] f_ m ni _ h ^ ch nb _ _ r n_ l h [ f do a o f[ l p _ ch * J ] ] [ mci h [ ffs [ ] i g g o ì
h c] [ nch a p _ ch ( fs ch a [ fi h a nb _ [ h n_ l ci l \ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ (
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h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ [ h ^ ] i h h _ ] nm nb _ ] i g g i h ` [ ] c[ f p _ ch ni nb _ [ h n_ l ci l do a o f[ l
p_ ch g [ s [ nn[ ch a l _ [ n mct _ $[ m cn [ j j _ [ l m \ _ fi q % ã j i mmc\ fs \ _ ch a g cmn[ e _ h ` i l
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BM@< O < P MD>P G< M I @MQ@
Ob _ l _ m_ _ g m ni \ _ fcnnf_ c` [ h s ] o l l _ h n ^ cmj o n_ ni nb _ mn[ n_ g _ h n ` cl mn g [ ^ _ \ s
M_ _ m [ h ^ < mni h ch - 5 3 4 nb [ n nb _ h _ l p _ g i mn ` l _ k o _ h nfs ch do l _ ^ ^ o l ch a ` [ ] _ [ h ^
h _ ] e fc`n mo l a _ l s cm [ m_ h mi l s h _ l p _ ( nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ *44ç å Dh do l s ni [
mg [ ff ^ cmn[ f \ l [ h ] b i ` nb _ h _ l p _ h _ [ l nb _ _ [ l fi \ _ ( i l [ h ch do l s ni nb _ g [ ch h _ l p _
i p _ l nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ ( q cff l _ mo fn ch [ mj _ ] nl o g i ` ^ s m_ mnb _ mc[ m l [ h a ì
ch a ` l i g [ g cf^ ( n_ g j i l [ l s ( mg [ ff [ l _ [ i ` b s j _ mnb _ mc[ ( ni [ fi h a _ l )f[ mnch a (
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[ n nb _ mcn_ i ` [ g i l _ j l i r cg [ f j [ l nc[ f i l ] i g j f_ n_ h _ l p _ nl [ h m_ ] nci h * < m H ] F ch ì
h _ s [ h ^ F [ nl [ h [ -, # j i ch n_ ^ i o n( nb _ ch ] c^ _ h ] _ i ` nl [ h mc_ h n h o g \ h _ mm [ l i o h ^
nb _ _ [ l cm mi ] i g g i h nb [ n cn cm ] i h mc^ _ l _ ^ \ s g [ h s mo l a _ i h m ni \ _ [ h i l g [ f
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j o \ fcmb _ ^ ch - 5 2 3 ( nb _ ch ] c^ _ h ] _ i ` j _ l g [ h _ h n h o g \ h _ mm q [ m 1 ! *4 R _ ^ i h #n
e h i q ( i ` ] i o l m_ ( q b [ n nb _ ] o l l _ h n o h l _ j i l n_ ^ ch ] c^ _ h ] _ cm*
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n_ l mno ^ s ch a / , , ] i h m_ ] o ncp _ j [ nc_ h nm q b i o h ^ _ l q _ h n j o l j i m_ ` o f ^ cp cmci h i `
nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ ch nb _ ] i o l m_ i ` j [ l i nc^ _ ] ni g s * Ob _ g _ [ h ` i ffi q )o j
q [ m - , s _ [ l m* Ob _ m_ [ o nb i l m ` i o h ^ g ch i l ] i g j f[ ch nm ch / ! i ` j [ nc_ h nm [ n
. s _ [ l m [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ( [ h ^ h i ch ] c^ _ h ] _ i ` g [ di l ] i g j f[ ch nm7 nb [ n cm( h i mca h c` cì
] [ h n ^ cm] i g ` i l n q _ [ l ch a _ s _ a f[ mm_ m i l _ [ l l ch a m i l o mch a nb _ n_ f_ j b i h _ ( h i mca ì
h c` c] [ h n ] i f^ ch ni f_ l [ h ] _ ( ^ c` ` c] o fns mf_ _ j ch a i h nb _ i j _ l [ n_ ^ mc^ _ ( [ h ^ h i mca h c` ì
c] [ h n j [ l _ mnb _ mc[ m* H i mn mo l j l cmch a fs ( b i q _ p _ l ( q [ m nb _ ` ch ^ ch a nb [ n [ ` n_ l
/ s _ [ l m( nb _ l _ q [ m h i ^ c` ` _ l _ h ] _ ch nq i )j i ch n ^ cm] l cg ch [ nci h \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ mc^ _
q cnb nb _ ^ cp c^ _ ^ h _ l p _ [ h ^ nb _ ] i h nl [ f[ n_ l [ f ] i h nl i f mc^ _ * O b _ s ] i h ] fo ^ _ ^ nb [ n
nb _ l _ q [ m h i mca h c` c] [ h n fi h a )n_ l g m_ k o _ f[ _ ` l i g ^ cp cmci h i ` nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l
h _ l p _ ( [ h ^ nb [ n $\ [ l ch a j [ ch ` o f h _ o l i g [ ` i l g [ nci h ã g s ] i g g _ h n% l _ i j _ l [ ncp_
h _ l p _ l _ j [ cl ` i ffi q ch a ch do l s ^ o l ch a ` [ ] _ fc`n mo l a _ l s cm o h h _ ] _ mm[ l s * C i q _ p _ l ( D
mncff nb ch e cn#m g o ] b \ _ nn_ l ni [ p i c^ [ h ch do l s ni nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ ( j [ l nc] ì
o f[ l fs ch [ h [ _ mnb _ nc] mo l a _ l s j [ nc_ h n*
B l [ h n_ ^ ( g i mn $c` h i n [ ff% j f[ mnc] mo l a _ i h m q b i b [ p _ \ _ _ h ^ i ch a f[ l a _ h o g \ _ l m
i ` ` [ ] _ fc`nm [ h ^ h _ ] e fc`nm ` i l g [ h s s _ [ l m b [ p _ h i n \ l i o a b n \ [ ] e [ f[ l a _ m[ g j f_
i ` nb _ cl j [ nc_ h nm nb l _ _ i l g i l _ s _ [ l m [ ` n_ l mo l a _ l s ni m_ _ q b [ n mca h m [ h ^ m s g j ì
ni g m i ` fch a _ l ch a ch do l s ni nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ g [ s b [ p _ j _ l mcmn_ ^ ( [ h ^ mi
cn cm ^ c` ` c] o fn ni l _ ` o n_ nb _ ` ch ^ ch a m i ` = i h [ h h i _ n [ f*. , C i q _ p _ l ( D nb ch e cn \ _ mn ni
[ p i c^ [ h ch do l s ni nb _ h _ l p _ c` [ n [ ff j i mmc\ f_ ( mch ] _ [ n nb _ f_ [ mn( mb i l n)n_ l g
^ s m_ mnb _ mc[ m ] [ h \ _ k o cn_ \ i nb _ l mi g _ ni \ i nb nb _ j [ nc_ h n [ h ^ nb _ mo l a _ i h * Ai l
nb [ n( [ e _ _ h o h ^ _ l mn[ h ^ ch a i ` nb _ h _ l p _ #m [ h [ ni g s cm _ mm_ h nc[ f*
Ob _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ $h i n nb _ a l _ [ n_ l [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ ( mch ] _ nb _ l _ cm h i f_ mmì
_ l [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ % cm nb _ f[ l a _ mn \ l [ h ] b i ` nb _ ] _ l pc] [ f m_ h mi l s j f_ r o m* Dn mo j ì
j fc_ m m_ h m[ nci h ni nb _ fi q _ l b [ f` ni nq i nb cl ^ m i ` nb _ _ [ l ( [ fi h a q cnb nb _ ch ` _ ì
l ci l j l _ [ o l c] o f[ l [ l _ [ ( [ h ^ [ p[ l c[ \ f_ j i mn[ o l c] o f[ l [ l _ [ i p _ l nb _ g [ mni c^ *ç å Dn

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_ g _ l a _ m [ \ i o n g c^ q [ s [ fi h a nb _ j i mn_ l ci l \ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m ì
] f_ [ h ^ fi i j m i h ni nb _ mo l ` [ ] _ i ` nb _ g o m] f_ q b _ l _ cn b _ [ ^ m mnl [ ca b n o j q [ l ^
ni q [ l ^ nb _ [ h a f_ i ` nb _ d[ q * Ob _ g [ ch h _ l p _ l o h m p_ l nc] [ ffs o j q [ l ^ ( mi g _ ncg _ m
\ _ h _ [ nb ( [ h ^ mi g _ ncg _ m mo j _ l ` c] c[ f( ni nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ ` [ m] c[ ^ o l ch a cnm l o h
o j ni q [ l ^ nb _ \ [ m_ i ` nb _ _ [ l fi \ _ * Ob _ l _ ` i l _ ( q b _ h _ f_ p [ nch a [ me ch ` f[ j ch
nb _ f[ n_ l [ f h _ ] e ( e _ _ j ch a nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ ` [ m] c[ ch n[ ] n q cff i ` n_ h ( \ o n h i n
[ fq [ s m( j l _ p _ h n ch do l s ni nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ * R cnb ch -
ni . ] g i ` nb _
_ [ l fi \ _ ( nb _ g [ ch a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ [ l \ i l ct _ m ch nb _ ^ _ _ j ` c\ l i ` [ nns mo \ ] o n[ ì
h _ i o m ncmmo _ m( q cnb [ h n_ l ci l ` c\ _ l m _ h n_ l ch a nb _ j [ l i nc^ a f[ h ^ *
H ] F ch h _ s _ n [ f- , - è, . ` i o h ^ nb [ n q cnb nb _ j [ nc_ h n mo j ch _ [ h ^ nb _ b _ [ ^ no l h _ ^ ni ì
q [ l ^ nb _ i j j i mcn_ mc^ _ ã nb _ o mo [ f b _ [ ^ j i mcnci h ` i l me ch ` f[ j _ f_ p[ nci h nb l i o a b
[ j _ l c[ o l c] o f[ l ch ] cmci h ^ o l ch a h _ ] e fc`n mo l a _ l s ã nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ ] i h ì
mcmn_ h nfs ] l i mm_ m nb _ g c^ nl [ h mp _ l m_ \ _ ffs i ` nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ [ n [
j i ch n 2 *1 ] g $a cp _ i l n[ e _ - ni . g g % \ _ fi q ni nb _ ] [ o ^ [ f _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ \ i h s
_ r n_ l h [ f [ o ^ cni l s ] [ h [ f*
Eo mn \ _ fi q nb _ \ [ m_ i ` nb _ _ [ l fi \ _ ( ^ _ _ j ni i l mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ni nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ] _ l ì
pc] [ f ` [ m] c[ ( q cnb ch nb _ ` c\ l i ` [ nns ncmmo _ nb [ n ] i h n[ ch m nb _ ` c\ _ l m i ` nb _ X TI \ a [ U I %
I ] ZQK] TI Z TQOI U MV\ $ nb _ h _ l p _ ^ cp c^ _ m ch ni nq i ni mcr $g _ [ h / *2 / % n_ l g ch [ f
\ l [ h ] b _ m ] i o l mch a [ h n_ l ci l [ h ^ j i mn_ l ci l ni nb _ _ [ l fi \ _ * R b _ h g i l _ nb [ h nb l _ _
\ l [ h ] b _ m [ l _ j l _ m_ h n( i h _ \ l [ h ] b cm o mo [ ffs f[ l a _ l [ h ^ j _ h _ nl [ n_ m nb _ _ [ l [ n nb _
fi \ o f_ i l \ _ b ch ^ cn* Ob _ g i mn j i mn_ l ci l \ l [ h ] b _ m l _ g [ ch i h nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^
g o m] f_ ` i l [ a l _ [ n_ l ^ cmn[ h ] _ nb [ h nb i m_ nb [ n l o h [ h n_ l ci l ni nb _ fi \ o f_ * I i h _
i ` nb _ g [ ch j i mn_ l ci l \ l [ h ] b _ m _ r n_ h ^ f[ n_ l [ f ni [ p _ l nc] [ f fch _ ] i h h _ ] nch a
H ] F ch h _ s #m j i ch n ni [ j i ch n - *1 ] g \ _ b ch ^ nb _ [ h n_ l ci l [ nn[ ] b g _ h n i ` nb _
_ [ l fi \ _ *30

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` f[ j ^ cmm_ ] nci h q b _ l _ cn cm [ n cnm b ca b _ mn _ f_ p[ nci h ( [ n H ] F ch h _ s #m j i ch n
i h nb _ ] l _ mn i ` nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ * D nb ch e ( b i q _ p _ l ( nb [ n nb _
h _ l p _ cm g i mn [ n l cme h _ [ l nb _ j i mn_ l ci l _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ (
do mn [ ` n_ l nb _ h _ l p _ _ g _ l a _ m ` l i g \ _ b ch ^ nb _ g o m] f_ ã ` i l cn cm b _ l _
nb [ n cn cm mno ] e nca b nfs ni \ i nb nb _ me ch [ h ^ nb _ g o m] f_ q cnb ch nb _
` c\ _ l m i ` nb _ f[ n_ l [ f mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ )] o n[ h _ i o m fca [ g _ h nm*
G@NN@M J >>DKDO< G I @MQ@
Ob _ f_ mm_ l i ] ] cj cn[ f h _ l p _ j l i p c^ _ m g i mn i ` nb _ m_ h m[ nci h i p _ l nb _
j i mn[ o l c] o f[ l g [ mni c^ [ l _ [ ( [ fi h a q cnb m_ h m[ nci h ni nb _ mo j _ l ci l _[ l *
Dh ` cp_ i ` - 5 ] [ ^ [ p _ l b _ g c` [ ] _ ^ cmm_ ] nci h m( K[ h n[ fi h c [ h ^ No ffcp [ h è -
[ fmi ` i o h ^ nb _ f_ mm_ l i ] ] cj cn[ f h _ l p _ ni \ _ nb _ ^ i g ch [ h n m_ h mi l s ch ì
h _ l p [ nci h ni nb _ _ h ncl _ _[ l ( ] i g j _ h m[ nch a ` i l [ mg [ ff a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l
h _ l p _ * Ob _ l _ ` i l _ [ h ch do l s ni nb _ g [ ch nl o h e i ` nb _ f_ mm_ l i ] ] cj cn[ f
h _ l p _ ] [ h cg j i m_ [ mca h c` c] [ h n m_ h mi l s ^ _ ` c] cn*
< ] ] i l ^ ch a ni ? [ mb _ n [ f(/4 nb _ f_ mm_ l i ] ] cj cn[ f h _ l p _ _ g _ l a _ m \ _ b ch ^
nb _ j i mn_ l ci l _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ ] _ j b [ f[ ^ ni nb _ a l _ [ n
[ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ [ n [ j i ch n [ j j l i r cg [ n_ fs 1 */ ] g \ _ fi q [ nl [ h mp _ l m_
fch _ ] i h h _ ] nch a nb _ fi q _ mn j i ch nm i ` nb _ _ r n_ l h [ f [ o ^ cni l s ] [ h [ fm
[ h ^ 2 *1 ] g ` l i g nb _ p_ l nc] [ f j i mn_ l ci l g c^ fch _ ã [ j i ch n [ a i i ^ ^ _ [ f
b ca b _ l nb [ h cm ^ _ j c] n_ ^ ch g i mn n_ r n\ i i e m i ` [ h [ ni g s * Dn nb _ h nl [ p_ fm
i \ fck o _ fs o j q [ l ^ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ ` [ m] c[ [ h ^ nb _ j f[ ns mg [ )
N H < N f[ s _ l a cp ch a n_ l g ch [ f \ l [ h ] b _ m ni nb _ _ [ l [ h ^ g [ mni c^ [ l _ [ *

* ) -

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Gce _ nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ ( nb _ f_ mm_ l i ] ] cj cn[ f h _ l p _ mn[ l nm i ` `
^ _ _ j ni nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ` [ m] c[ $j f [ ns m g [ )N H < N f[ s _ l %( \ o n i ` n_ h
\ _ ] i g _ m g i l _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f mi i h _ l $nb [ n cm( g i l _ j l i r cg [ f [ h ^
g i l _ ] [ o ^ [ f% nb [ h ^ i _ m nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ * Dh [ h [ nn_ g j n ni
g [ ch n[ ch [ a i i ^ \ fi i ^ mo j j fs ni nb _ j i mn[ o l c] o f[ l me ch ` f[ j ^ o l ì
ch a h _ ] e fc`n i l ` [ ] _ fc`n mo l a _ l s ( cn cm ] i g g i h j l [ ] nc] _ ni _ f_ p[ n_
nb _ g [ mni c^ [ l _ [ me ch ` f[ j do mn mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ni nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^
` [ m] c[ 7 \ o n [ ^ cmm_ ] nci h i h nb _ g o m] f_ ` [ m] c[ g [ s ch do l _ mi g _ i `
nb _ g [ di l n_ l g ch [ f \ l [ h ] b _ m i ` nb _ f_ mm_ l i ] ] cj cn[ f h _ l p _ q b c] b
l o h g i l _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ ffs ch nb _ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m ncmmo _ b _ l _ * )- G_ [ p ch a
do mn [ fcnnf_ ` [ nns ncmmo _ i h nb _ g o m] f_ ` [ m] c[ cm mo a a _ mn_ ^ *
NKDI > @NNJ MT I @MQ@
? o l ch a g i mn h _ ] e fc`n mo l a _ l c_ m nb _ mj ch [ f [ ] ] _ mmi l s h _ l p _ cm h i n
q cnb ch nb _ ` c_ f^ i ` ^ cmm_ ] nci h * C i q _ p _ l ( ch h _ ] e m nb [ n l _ k o cl _ [
` [ l )f[ n_ l [ f me ch o h ^ _ l g ch ch a ( nb _ h _ l p _ ] [ h \ _ ] fi m_ [ n b [ h ^ * Gce _
nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ ( nb _ mj ch [ f [ ] ] _ mmi l s h _ l p _ cm i ` n_ h
m[ h ^ q c] b _ ^ nca b nfs \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ me ch [ h ^ nb _ g o m] f_ ` [ m] c[ (
[ h ^ ch [ nn_ g j nch a ni ` l _ _ o j nb _ me ch ch nb _ fi q _ l f[ n_ l [ f h _ ] e ( nb _
h _ l p _ ] i o f^ \ _ ch do l _ ^ * P mo [ ffs ^ cmm_ ] nci h q cnb nb _ _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s
i l mj l _ [ ^ ch a q cnb m] cmmi l m h _ [ l \ s q cff ] [ o m_ nb _ mb i o f^ _ l ni
do g j ã b i j _ ` o ffs do mn [ m [ q [ l h ch a * = o n e h i q ch a q b _ l _ nb _ h _ l p _
cm ` i o h ^ mb i o f^ j l i g j n [ ] [ l _ ` o f ^ cmm_ ] nci h ch nb _ h _ ca b \ i l b i i ^ *
I _ o l [ j l [ r c[ ] [ h ] [ o m_ n_ g j i l [ l s j [ ch ch nb _ mb i o f^ _ l [ h ^ nl [ j _ ì
t co m ^ s m` o h ] nci h _ p _ h q b _ h nb _ h _ l p _ cm _ h ncl _ fs ch n[ ] n*-/5 = o n [
m_ p _ l _ ch do l s ( _ mj _ ] c[ ffs q b _ h nb _ h _ l p _ b [ m \ _ _ h ] o n( ] [ h j l i ì
^ o ] _ [ j l i a l _ mmcp _ [ h ^ ^ _ \ cfcn[ nch a ^ s m` o h ] nci h i ` nb _ mb i o f^ _ l
a cl ^ f_ * Ob _ l _ ` i l _ ( c` h _ l p _ ch do l s cm mo mj _ ] n_ ^ ch nl [ i j _ l [ ncp_ fs ( nb _
[ l _ [ i ` ^ cmm_ ] nci h mb i o f^ \ _ ] [ l _ ` o ffs _ r j fi l _ ^ mi nb [ n cg g _ ^ c[ n_
l _ j [ cl ] [ h \ _ [ ] ] i g j fcmb _ ^ c` h _ ] _ mm[ l s * < h ^ c` ] fch c] [ f mca h m i l
m s g j ni g m i ` nl [ j _ t co m ^ s m` o h ] nci h [ l _ ^ _ n_ ] n_ ^ i l l _ j i l n_ ^
j i mni j _ l [ ncp _ fs ( nb _ s mb i o f^ h i n \ _ ca h i l _ ^ ( \ _ ] [ o m_ l _ i j _ l [ ncp _
ch n_ l p _ h nci h q cnb ch / g i h nb m i ` ch do l s cm g i mn _ ` ` _ ] ncp _ *. 3-/ 1
Ob _ mj ch [ f [ ] ] _ mmi l s h _ l p _ $] l [ h c[ f h _ l p _ S D% b [ m [ ] l [ h c[ f [ h ^ [
mj ch [ f j i l nci h * O b _ mj ch [ f j i l nci h cm nb _ i h fs j [ l n i ` nb _ h _ l p _ nb [ n
` i l g m [ ^ cm] l _ n_ j _ l cj b _ l [ f h _ l p _ ( [ h ^ nb [ n h _ l p _ ch h _ l p [ n_ m nb _
mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ [ h ^ nl [ j _ t co m g o m] f_ m* O b _ ` c\ _ l m i ` nb _ ] l [ h c[ f
j i l nci h [ l _ ch ] i l j i l [ n_ ^ ch nb _ p [ a o m h _ l p _ [ h ^ [ l _ nb _ j l ch ] cj [ f
] i h mncno _ h nm i ` cnm ch ` _ l ci l f[ l s h a _ [ f h _ l p_ *

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mj ch [ f [ ] ] _ mmi l s h _ l p _ [ n ` cl mn fc_ m \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ ch n_ l h [ f ] [ l i nc^ [ l ì
n_ l s [ h ^ nb _ ch n_ l h [ f do a o f[ l p _ ch * Dn nb _ h ^ _ m] _ h ^ m i \ fck o _ fs ch [
f[ n_ l [ f ^ cl _ ] nci h [ h ^ j c_ l ] _ m nb _ ^ _ _ j [ mj _ ] n i ` nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^
g o m] f_ ` l i g cnm ^ _ _ j [ mj _ ] n* O b _ h _ l p _ nb _ h j [ mm_ m nb l i o a b nb _
m n_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ ( _ g _ l a ch a ` l i g nb _ f[ n_ l [ f _ ^ a _ i ` nb _
g o m] f_ ch ni nb _ j i mn_ l ci l nl c[ h a f_ [ n i l \ _ fi q nb _ do h ] nci h i ` nb _
o j j _ l [ h ^ g c^ ^ f_ nb cl ^ m i ` nb _ g o m] f_ h i ` [ l nb _ l nb [ h . ] g mo ì
j _ l ci l ni nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ *. 3è/5 > i h nch o ch a ^ i q h q [ l ^
[ h ^ \ [ ] e q [ l ^ o h ^ _ l nb _ ch p _ mnch a ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ [ h ^ i h ni j i ` nb _
j l _ p _ l n_ \ l [ f ` [ m] c[ f ] [ l j _ n( nb _ h _ l p _ ^ cm[ j j _ [ l m o h ^ _ l nb _ [ h n_ l cì
i l \ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ nl [ j _ t co m g o m] f_ [ n [ \ i o n nb _ do h ] nci h i ` cnm g c^ ì
^ f_ [ h ^ fi q _ l nb cl ^ m $[ j j l i r cg [ n_ fs H ` ch a _ l \ l _ [ ^ nb m [ \ i p _ nb _
] f[ p c] f_ C M L B KL
> b [ h ^ [ q [ l e [ l _ n [ fHL ` i o h ^ nb _ ] i o l m_ i ` nb _ mj ch [ f [ ] ] _ mmi l s
h _ l p _ ni \ _ [ fi h a [ j [ nb \ cm_ ] nch a [ h ^ j _ l j _ h ^ c] o f[ l ni [ fch _
] i h h _ ] nch a nb _ [ h a f_ i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ [ h ^ nb _ ncj i ` nb _ g [ mni c^
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M@O< DI DI B GDB< H @I ON J A OC @ I @> F
Dh nb _ ` [ ] _ [ h ^ ` i l _ b _ [ ^ ( nb _ g [ ch mi ` n ncmmo _ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm
b [ p _ \ _ _ h q _ ff ^ _ m] l c\ _ ^ ( h i n i h fs \ _ ] [ o m_ nb _ cl l _ f[ r [ nci h cm
nb i o a b n ni \ _ l _ mj i h mc\ f_ ( [ n f_ [ mn ch j [ l n( ` i l nb _ mca h m i ` ` [ ] c[ f
[ a ch a ( \ o n [ fmi \ _ ] [ o m_ nb _ s mcn \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ j _ l cj b _ l [ f ch ] cmci h m
o m_ ^ ` i l [ ] ] _ mm [ h ^ nb _ g _ ^ c[ f i l ] [ o ^ [ f ncmmo _ m nb [ n q _ q [ h n
ni fc`n o j q [ l ^ ã [ h ^ mi l i o nch _ fs ( nb _ s h _ _ ^ ni \ _ ^ cp c^ _ ^ *
Dh
nb _ h _ ] e ( b i q _ p _ l ( nb _ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm [ l _ g o ] b f_ mm q _ ff
e h i q h ã g i m n fce _ fs \ _ ] [ o m_ mni o n l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm [ l _ h i n
l i o nch _ fs _ h ] i o h n_ l _ ^ ch nb _ g c^ h _ ] e q b _ h j _ l ` i l g ch a [ nl [ ^ cì
nci h [ f mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m h _ ] e fc`n* K_ l b [ j m nb cm cm \ _ ] [ o m_ nb _ l _ cm
p _ l s fcnnf_ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m \ i h _ [ p [ cf[ \ f_ [ ] l i mm nb _ ` l i h n i ` nb _
h _ ] e ` i l ^ _ _ j l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm ni [ nn[ ] b ni 7 \ o n g i l _ fce _ fs ( \ _ ì
] [ o m_ nb _ h _ ] e ncmmo _ m [ l _ _ r j l _ mmfs g _ [ h n ni _ r n_ h ^ ( ` f_ r ( [ h ^
mnl _ n] b mc^ _ )ni )mc^ _ i p _ l [ q c^ _ [ l ] * I i h _ nb _ f_ mm( nb _ l _ [ l _ [
a i i ^ g [ h s c^ _ h nc` c[ \ f_ l _ n[ ch ch a mnl o ] no l _ m ch nb _ h _ ] e nb [ n h i n
i h fs j f[ s [ h cg j i l n[ h n l i f_ ch ^ _ n_ l g ch ch a b i q nb _ h _ ] e [ a _ m( \ o n
b i q nb _ ] i h ^ cnci h i ` nb _ m_ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm ^ cl _ ] nfs [ ` ` _ ] nm
nb _ _ [ m_ i l ^ c` ` c] o fns i ` nb _ i j _ l [ ncp _ j l i ] _ ^ o l _ 7 [ h ^ g i mn cg j i l ì
n[ h nfs ( b i q nb _ s [ l _ g [ h cj o f[ n_ ^ ch ` fo _ h ] _ m nb _ k o [ fcns i ` nb _ mo l ì
a c] [ f l _ mo fn*
G_ n#m mn[ l n q cnb [ ` _ q ^ _ ` ch cnci h m* ? M \ I QV QV O TQO I U M V \ [ [ l _ mnl i h a
^ cm] l _ n_ [ a a l _ a [ n_ m i ` ` c\ l i o m ] i h h _ ] ncp _ ncmmo _ nb [ n b i f^ mi ` n
[ h ^ b [ l ^ ncmmo _ m ni i h _ [ h i nb _ l [ n mj _ ] c` c] fi ] [ nci h m* O b _ s ] i g _
ch ` cp_ \ [ mc] p[ l c_ nc_ m nb [ n [ l _ h [ g _ ^ [ ] ] i l ^ ch a ni nb _ cl ^ _ _ j ni
mo j _ l ` c] c[ f [ nn[ ] b g _ h nm6
j _ l ci mn_ o g ni me ch $i mn_ i ] o n[ h _ i o m%7
j _ l ci mn_ o g ni ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ [ h ^ +i l mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ` [ m] c[ $i mn_ i ` [ m] c[ f%7
^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ ni mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ` [ m] c[ $` [ m] ci ` [ m] c[ f%7 [ h ^ ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[
[ h ^ +i l mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ` [ m] c[ ni me ch $` [ m] ci ] o n[ h _ i o m%*
Ob _ l _ [ l _ [ fmi q b [ n D] [ ff ZM \ I QV QV O NQTI U M V \ [ ( q b c] b [ l _ l i q m i `
mj _ ] c[ fct _ ^ ` [ m] ci ] o n[ h _ i o m ` c\ _ l m q cnb ch nb _ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m ` [ n
nb [ n [ l _ h i n [ m fi ] [ fct _ ^ h i l [ m mnl i h a [ m nb _ fca [ g _ h nm( \ o n
q b c] b [ l _ ( h i h _ nb _ f_ mm( \ _ nn_ l [ fca h _ ^ ( g i l _ ^ _ h m_ fs j [ ] e _ ^ ( [ h ^
nca b n_ l nb [ h [ l _ nb _ l [ h ^ i g fs j [ nn_ l h _ ^ [ h ^ o \ ck o cni o m mo \ ^ _ l )
g [ f ` c\ l i o m [ M X \ I $[ fmi ] [ ff_ ^ ZM \ QV I K] TI M K] \ Q[ " , * ` i o h ^ _ fm_ ì
q b _ l _ * < m mo ] b ( nb _ l _ n[ ch ch a ` cf[ g _ h nm j l i p c^ _ [ h [ ^ ^ cnci h [ f
\ i h ^ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ me ch [ h ^ nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ` [ m] c[ [ n ] _ l n[ ch j f[ ] _ m
ch nb _ h _ ] e *

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Ob cm cffo mnl [ nci h ^ _ j c] nm nb _ fi ] [ nci h i ` nb _ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm [ h ^ l _ n[ ch ch a `cfì
[ g _ h nm q cnb ch nb _ [ _ mnb _ nc] o h cn i ` nb _ h _ ] e *
Ob _ l _ [ l _ h ch _ c^ _ h nc` c[ \ f_ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm [ h ^ ` cf[ g _ h nm nb [ n [ h ] b i l
nb _ h _ ] e me ch ch j i mcnci h 6 nb _ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l fca [ g _ h nm( nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f fca [ g _ h nm(
nb _ g [ mni c^ )] o n[ h _ i o m fca [ g _ h nm( nb _ j f[ ns mg [ )[ o l c] o f[ l fca [ g _ h nm $ch ] fo ^ ch a
nb _ _ [ l fi \ _ fca [ g _ h nm%( nb _ f[ n_ l [ f mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ )] o n[ h _ i o m fca [ g _ h nm( nb _
] f[ p c] o f[ l )] o n[ h _ i o m fca [ g _ h nm( nb _ g _ ^ c[ f j f[ ns mg [ )] o n[ h _ i o m ` cf[ g _ h nm( nb _
g _ ^ c[ f mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ )] o n[ h _ i o m ` cf[ g _ h nm( [ h ^ nb _ me ch ] l _ [ m_ )j f[ ns mg [ `cf[ ì
g _ h nm*
Ob _ l _ [ l _ nb l _ _ c^ _ h nc` c[ \ f_ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm nb [ n [ h ] b i l nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ni
^ _ _ j _ l ncmmo _ m6 nb _ b s i c^ fca [ g _ h n( nb _ j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h j f[ ns mg [ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ ì
g _ h nm( [ h ^ nb _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l j f[ ns mg [ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm*
H _ h ^ _ fmi h EFI _ h p cmci h _ ^ nb _ i mn_ i ] o n[ h _ i o m fca [ g _ h nm fce _ nl _ _ m l i i n_ ^ i h
j _ l ci mn_ o g ( q cnb j l cg [ l s fcg \ m nb [ n mj l _ [ ^ nb l i o a b nb _ N H < N i l j f[ ns mg [ ni
` o l nb _ l [ l \ i l ct _ ch ni nb ch h _ l m_ ] i h ^ [ l s \ l [ h ] b _ m( nb _ l _ nch [ ] o f[ _ ] o ncm( q b c] b
nb _ h l _ [ ] b nb l i o a b nb _ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m f[ s _ l fce _ o j mc^ _ )^ i q h l i i nm ni ch p [ ^ _
nb _ ` c\ l i o m mnl i g [ i ` nb _ me ch *

- , 4

\ SQY ZW
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Ob _ U I V L QJ ] TI Z TQOI U M V \ [ $ ` cl mn ^ _ m] l c\ _ ^ \ s Ao l h [ m KF [ l _ ` i o h ^ i h _ cnb _ l mc^ _
i ` nb _ ] b ch * O b _ s _ g _ l a _ ` l i g nb _ cl i mm_ i o m i l ca ch \ _ nq _ _ h ` c\ _ l m i ` nb _ j [ l m
f[ \ c[ fcm i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ [ n nb _ f[ n_ l [ f \ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ ^ _ j l _ mmi l [ h a o fc i l cm g o m] f_
[ \ i o n G ] g [ \ i p _ nb _ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l \ i l ^ _ l [ h ^ l o h i o nq [ l ^ ni [ mi fc^ ch m_ l nci h
ch nb _ i p _ l fs ch a ^ _ l g cm* < ] ] i l ^ ch a ni Ao l h [ m( Ob _ m_ fca [ g _ h nm o mo [ ffs [ j j _ [ l
[ m [ fch _ [ l m_ l c_ m i ` j [ l [ ff_ f ` c\ _ l m Vq cnb X [ m_ ] i h ^ nc_ l i ` ` c\ _ l m [ fca h _ ^ H ni
/ g g [ \ i p _ [ h ^ j [ l [ ff_ f ni nb _ ` cl mn nc_ l * Ob _ m_ fca [ g _ h nm ^ _ fch _ [ n_ nb _ [ h n_ l cì
i l \ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ di q f( [ h ^ [ l _ j l cg [ l cfs l _ mj i h mc\ f_ ` i l nb _ ch ^ _ h n[ nci h nb [ n cm
i ` n_ h m_ _ h nb _ l _ ] [ ff_ ^ nb _ X ZM RW _ T VW\ KP & Dh g s _ r j _ l c_ h ] _ ( mo l a c] [ f ^ cp cmci h
i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l fca [ g _ h nm do mn o h ^ _ l nb _ me ch $mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ni nb _ N H < N )
j f[ ns mg [ f[ s _ l %( ch ] i h do h ] nci h q cnb [ l _ j i mcnci h ch a i l nl cg g ch a i ` nb _ j ni nc]
di q f ` [ n( o mo [ ffs _ fcg ch [ n_ m nb _ j l _ di q f h i n] b *
Dh h _ ] e )fc` n i l ` [ ] _ )fc` n mo l a _ l s ch p i fp ch a [ nl o _ fc`n i ` nb _ mi ` n ncmmo _ m( q cnb f[ nì
_ l [ f me ch _ r ] cmci h ( m_ p _ l ch a nb _ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l fca [ g _ h nm l _ f_ [ m_ m nb _ ncmmo _ m
[ fi h a nb _ g _ ^ c[ f d[ q fch _ mi nb [ n nb _ s ] [ h \ _ mnl _ n] b _ ^ \ [ ] e ch ni [ m g i i nb _ l
] i h ni o l * = o n [ h cg j l i p _ ^ ^ l [ j ch a i ` nb _ d[ q fch _ ncmmo _ m cm [ fmi b _ fj ` o f _ p _ h
q b _ h [ nl o _ fc` n cm h i n ] [ l l c_ ^ i o nã ` i l _ r [ g j f_ ( q b _ h D ^ i [ h cmi f[ n_ ^ h _ ] e
fc` n q cnb i o n [ f[ n_ l [ f me ch _ r ] cmci h * R b [ n#m g i l _ ( l _ f_ [ mch a nb _ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l fca [ ì
g _ h nm o h n_ nb _ l m nb _ me ch \ _ mc^ _ nb _ ] b ch ( [ ffi q ch a [ l _ nl [ ] ni l ni n_ h n o j nb _
g _ ^ c[ f d[ q fch _ me ch ` f[ j [ h ^ j l i p c^ ch a [ a i i ^ p c_ q ` i l ^ cl _ ] n di q f ^ _ ` [ nnch a
` l i g _ cnb _ l [ mo \ g _ h n[ f ch ] cmci h i l [ j _ l c[ o l c] o f[ l ch ] cmci h *
O b _ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l fca [ g _ h nm [ l _ mb i l n [ h ^ ni o a b * O b _ s ] [ h h i n \ _ ^ cp c^ _ ^ mcg j fs
\ s j o mb ch a nb l i o a b nb _ g q cnb i j _ h m] cmmi l ncj m* O b _ s g o mn \ _ ] o n mb [ l j fs \ s
mh cj j ch a do mn o h ^ _ l nb _ me ch DN O b _ g [ l a ch [ f \ l [ h ] b _ m i ` nb _ ` [ ] c[ f h _ l p _ [ l _
^ _ _ j ni nb _ N H < N )j f [ ns m g [ f[ s _ l ( mi m] cmmi l ch a mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ni \ i nb nb _ ^ _ ì
j l _ mmi l [ h a o fc i l cm [ h ^ j f[ ns m g [ g o m] f_ m ] [ h \ _ ^ i h _ k o cn_ m[ ` _ fs b _ l _ *
Ob cm j b i ni m b i q m nb _ l _ f_ [ m_ i ` nb _
g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l fca [ g _ h n do mn o h ^ _ l nb _ me ch
o mch a fi h a m] cmmi l m nb l i o a b [ j _ l c[ o l c] ì
o f[ l ch ] cmci h * O b _ fca [ g _ h n ] [ h [ fmi \ _
l _ f_ [ m_ ^ ` l i g [ mo \ g _ h n[ f ch ] cmci h *

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O b _ TI J QW U I V L QJ ] TI Z KZM I [ M $nb _ g [ l ci h _ nn_ ] l _ [ m_ % l o h m ` l i g
nb _ ] i l h _ l i ` nb _ g i o nb ^ i q h ni nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ * < fnb i o a b h i n
q cnb ch nb _ h _ ] e j _ l m_ ( cn \ i l ^ _ l m i h nb _ h _ ] e ` l i g [ \ i p _ [ h ^ cm
` i l g _ ^ ch j [ l n \ s nb _ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l fca [ g _ h n [ n cnm ] [ o ^ [ f [ j _ r * Ob _
TI J QW U I V L QJ ] TI Z NWTL $ ] i g j i m _ ^ i ` me ch )q l [ j j _ ^ ] b _ _ e ` [ n f[ nì
_ l [ f ni nb _ ] l _ [ m_ ( i ` n_ h h _ _ ^ m ni \ _ ] i h mc^ _ l _ ^ q b _ h ] b i i mch a
\ _ nq _ _ h [ ] b _ _ e fc`n $q b c] b ^ i _ m cg j l i p _ cn%( [ h ^ [ h cmi f[ n_ ^
h _ ] e fc`n $q b c] b ^ i _ mh #n%*
K_ mm[ _ n [ fGGK ^ _ m] l c\ _ ^ nb _ f[ \ ci g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l ] l _ [ m_ \ _ mn( [ fnb i o a b
nb _ s ] i h mc^ _ l _ ^ nb _ f[ \ ci g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l ` i f^ ni \ _ j [ l n i ` nb _ di q f(
q b c] b D ^ i h i n* Ob _ m_ [ o nb i l m ` i o h ^ nb [ n i h fs nb _ o j j _ l nb cl ^ ni
b [ f` i ` nb _ g _ ^ c[ f _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ ^ _ j l _ m m i l [ h a o fc i l cm g o m] f_ cm
[ nn[ ] b _ ^ ni nb _ f[ \ ci g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l ] l _ [ m_ * O b _ fi q _ l b [ f` i ` nb _
] l _ [ m_ b [ m h i ^ cmnch ] n [ h [ ni g c] ] i g j i h _ h n o h ncf nb _ f_ p_ f i ` nb _
g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l fca [ g _ h n* J h fs nb _ o j j _ l b [ f` i ` nb _ f[ \ ci g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l
] l _ [ m_ cm o mo [ ffs j l _ m_ h n q cnb nb _ ` [ ] _ [ n l _ mn* J h fs ^ o l ch a [ h cg [ ì
nci h ( q b _ h nb _ t s a i g [ nc] o m g [ di l [ h ^ l cmi l co m g o m] f_ m [ h ^ j [ l m
g i ^ ci f[ l cm j f[ ns mg [ _ r _ l n [ j o ff i h nb _ o j j _ l b [ f` i ` nb _ ] l _ [ m_ [ n
nb _ g i ^ ci fo m( ^ i _ m nb _ `o ff f[ \ ci g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l ] l _ [ m_ [ j j _ [ l * Ob _
j f[ ns m g [ g o m] f_ q [ m ] i h ` cl g _ ^ ni fc_ ^ _ _ j ni nb _ ^ _ j l _ m m i l
[ h a o fc i l cm [ h ^ ni b [ p _ h i ^ cl _ ] n [ h [ ni g c] ] i h h _ ] nci h ni nb _
f[ \ ci g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l ] l _ [ m_ *
Eo m n o h ^ _ l nb _ ] b ch ( nb _ [ ] J U M V \ I T TQO I U M V \ [ [ h ] b i l nb _ m o \ ì
g _ h n[ f me ch ] l _ [ m_ ch j f[ ] _ * Ob cm ] l _ [ m_ cm b ca b fs p[ l c[ \ f_ * N i g _
j [ nc_ h nm b [ p _ i h _ ( mi g _ ^ i h #n* Dh mi g _ j [ nc_ h nm( nb _ ] l _ [ m_ cm
nca b nfs \ i o h ^ 7 ch i nb _ l m( cn#m k o cn_ g i p _ [ \ f_ * Dh mi g _ ( cn#m ^ _ _ j 7 ch
i nb _ l m( cn#m mb [ ffi q * < fnb i o a b q _ n_ h ^ ni nb ch e i ` nb _ ] l _ [ m_ [ m
[ nn[ ] b _ ^ ^ cl _ ] nfs ni \ i h _ ( nb [ n#m j l i \ [ \ fs ch ] i l l _ ] n* H i l _ fce _fs (
nb _ ] l _ [ m_ cm [ nn[ ] b _ ^ ni j f[ ns mg [ \ s ` [ m] ci ] o n[ h _ i o m [ ^ b _ ì
mci h m( [ h ^ nb _ j f[ ns mg [ cm ch ^ _ j _ h ^ _ h nfs [ nn[ ] b _ ^ ni nb _ \ i h _ \ s
m_ j [ l [ n_ i mn_ i ` [ m] c[ f ` c\ _ l m*
< n nb _ f[ n_ l [ f _ h ^ i ` nb _ h _ ] e ( \ _ b ch ^ nb _ _ [ l i p _ l nb _ g [ mni c^ (
nb _ nb ch a f[ \ l i o m me ch cm nca b nfs [ nn[ ] b _ ^ ni \ i nb nb _ j _ l ci mn_ o g
i ` nb _ g [ mni c^ \ i h _ [ h ^ ni nb _ ch p _ mnch a ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ i p _ l nb _ i l cì
a ch i ` nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ \ s [ j [ n] b i ` ^ _ h m_ ] i h h _ ] ncp _
ncmmo _ ( nb _ i mn_ i ` [ m] ci ] o n[ h _ i o m U I [ \ W QL %K ] \ I V M W ] [ TQOI U MV\ &
J h fs [ nb ch f[ s _ l i ` s _ ffi q )q b cn_ ` c\ l i ` [ nns )[ l _ i f[ l ncmmo _ m_ j [ ì
l [ n_ m nb _ me ch ` l i g nb _ ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ * O b _ [ ^ b _ mci h cm j [ l nc] o f[ l fs
nca b n q cnb ch nb _ j i mn[ o l c] o f[ l mo f] o m cnm_ f`*

D DJ

\ SQY ZW
Tb
R b _ nb _ l [ mo f] o m ch ] cmci h q cnb i o n [ h i ] ] cj cn[ f _ r n_ h mci h cm o m_ ^ ` i l [ h _ ] e fc`n(
i l [ mo f] o m ch ] cmci h q cnb [ h i ] ] cj cn[ f _ r n_ h mci h ( nb _ g [ mni c^ )] o n[ h _ i o m fca [ ì
g _ h n b [ m ni \ _ l _ f_ [ m_ ^ ni m_ _ o h ^ _ l [ h ^ \ _ s i h ^ nb _ f[ n_ l [ f h _ ] e me ch ( i l ni l _ ì
^ cmnl c\ o n_ ( i l ni mb c` n \ [ ] e [ h ^ _ r ] cm_ nb _ f[ n_ l [ f h _ ] e me ch * Ob cm fca [ g _ h n cm [ n
f_ [ mn [ m nca b n [ m nb _ [ nn[ ] b g _ h nm \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ me ch [ h ^ nb _ N H < N ch nb _ j l _ nl [ )
a [ f [ l _ [ ( [ h ^ [ fg i mn [ m nca b n [ m nb _ [ ^ b _ mci h m \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ N H < N [ h ^ nb _ j [ ì
l i nc^ ` [ m] c[ ch nb [ n m[ g _ j l _ [ o l c] o f[ l t i h _ ( [ h ^ nca b n_ l nb [ h nb _ b i f^ i h nb _
me ch cg j [ l n_ ^ \ s nb _ t s a i g [ nc] [ h ^ g [ mm_ n_ l c] )] o n[ h _ i o m fca [ g _ h nm ch nb _
] b _ _ e * R cnb ch nb _ nb ch mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m f[ s _ l \ _ b ch ^ nb _ _ [ l ch q b c] b nb _ g [ m ì
ni c^ )] o n[ h _ i o m fca [ g _ h nm [ l _ ` i o h ^ [ l _ nb _ n_ l g ch [ f g [ mni c^ \ l [ h ] b _ m i ` nb _
a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ [ h ^ nb _ f_ mm_ l i ] ] cj cn[ f h _ l p _ * I i n [ ff i ` nb _ m_ ` ch _
h _ l p _ \ l [ h ] b _ m ] [ h \ _ mj [ l _ ^ q b _ h _ f_ p [ nch a nb _ me ch ` f[ j \ _ b ch ^ nb _ _ [ l ( \ o n
mi g _ ] _ l n[ ch fs ] [ h *
Ob _ ` [ m] ci ] o n[ h _ i o m X TI \ a [ U I %I ] ZQK ] TI Z TQOI U M V \ [ $ ` cl mn ^ _ m] l c\ _ ^ \ s Ao l h [ m MF
l [ ^ c[ n_ i o nq [ l ^ ` l i g nb _ me ch [ l i o h ^ nb _ \ [ m_ i ` nb _ _ [ l fi \ _ ni g _ mb h i n i h fs
q cnb nb _ g [ mni c^ )] o n[ h _ i o m fca [ g _ h nm \ _ b ch ^ nb _ _ [ l ( \ o n [ fmi q cnb nb _ mo j _ l ì
`c] c[ f ` [ m] c[ $j f [ ns m g [ )N H < N f[ s _ l % \ _ fi q [ h ^ ch ` l i h n i ` nb _ _ [ l [ m q _ ff [ m nb _
g _ ^ c[ f mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ )] o n[ h _ i o m ` cf[ g _ h nm [ h ^ nb _ o j j _ l f[ n_ l [ f mn_ l h i g [ mì
ni c^ )] o n[ h _ i o m fca [ g _ h nm* < n f_ [ mn nb _ g i mn mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ` c\ _ l m i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ )
[ o l c] o f[ l fca [ g _ h n g o mn [ fq [ s m \ _ ] o n ni ` l _ _ nb _ me ch [ l i o h ^ nb _ fi q _ l _ [ l
q b _ h _ p _ l [ h _ [ l fi \ _ )\ [ m_ ch ] cmci h cm o m_ ^ ` i l [ h _ ] e fc`n*
Dh mi g _ j [ nc_ h nm( nb _ j f[ ns mg [ )[ o l c] o f[ l fca [ g _ h nm j _ l g _ [ n_ nb _ ` c\ l i ` [ nns ncmì
mo _ nb [ n `cffm nb _ mi )] [ ff_ ^ U ] [ K ] TW U I V L QJ ] TI Z \ ZW ] O P -
\ _ nq _ _ h nb _ f[ n_ l [ f
g [ h ^ c\ f_ [ h ^ nb _ o j j _ l mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ * Ob cm a l cnns ` [ n g [ s h _ _ ^ ni \ _
j [ l nc[ ffs i l ] i g j f_ n_ fs _ r ] cm_ ^ ni ] l _ [ n_ [ h [ _ mnb _ nc] [ ffs j f_ [ mch a p[ ff_ s * = o n
nb [ n _ r ] cmci h g o mn \ _ ^ i h _ ] [ o nci o mfs ( h i n i h fs \ _ ] [ o m_ nb _ [ o l c] o f[ l [ h ^
j l _ [ o l c] o f[ l \ l [ h ] b _ m i ` nb _ a l _ [ n [ o l c] o f[ l h _ l p _ [ l _ _ g _ l a ch a q cnb ch nb cm ` [ n(
\ o n [ fmi \ _ ] [ o m_ nb _ ] [ o ^ [ f n[ cf i ` nb _ j [ l i nc^ a f[ h ^ g [ s \ _ b c^ ch a do mn o h ^ _ l [
nb ch f[ s _ l i ` nb cm ` c\ _ l )` cff_ ^ ` [ n*
Dh j [ nc_ h nm q b i b [ p _ [ h _ [ l fi \ _ nb [ n di ch m nb _
] b _ _ e q cnb i o n [ ^ [ h a f_ ( i l nb i m_ q b i b [ p _ [
] i h a _ h cn[ f j cr c_ _ [ l fi \ _ nb [ n cm j o ff_ ^ ] [ o ^ [ ffs
ni q [ l ^ nb _ [ h a f_ i ` nb _ d[ q ( nb _ l _ cm [ nb c] e fch _ [ l
m_ a g _ h n i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ )[ o l c] o f[ l fca [ g _ h n nb [ n
` i l g m [ ^ cmnch ] n q b cn_ \ [ h ^ b i f^ ch a nb _ fi \ _
^ i q h q [ l ^ nb [ n D] [ ff nb _ M I ZTW J M TQOI U M V \ & > i l ì
l _ ] nch a nb _ mb [ j _ i ` nb _ _ [ l fi \ _ cm o mo [ ffs [ mcg ì
j f_ g [ nn_ l i ` ] o nnch a nb cm ^ cm] l _ n_ _ [ l fi \ _ fca [ ì
g _ h n q cnb nb _ _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s mi nb [ n nb _ _ [ l fi \ _
] [ h l _ nl [ ] n o j q [ l ^ ( [ ffi q ch a cn ni \ _ no l h _ ^ [ h ^
n[ ] e _ ^ ch ni [ g i l _ j f_ [ mch a ] i h ni o l *
: O`Z] PS
ZWUO[ S\ b

+ n a c `UW
QOZ O\ Ob] [
g ] T bVS \ SQY
< n nb _ mc^ _ m i ` nb _ h _ ] e [ l _ nb _ j [ l nc] o f[ l fs nca b n TI \ MZI T [ \ M ZV W i
U I [ \ W QL %K] \ I V M W ] [ ZM\ I QVQVO TQOI U MV\ [ $ l _ ` _ l l _ ^ ni i h j * - , / *
Ob _ U ML QI T [ \ M ZV W U I [ \ W QL %K ] \ I V M W ] [ NQTI U MV\ [ [ h ^ nb _ ` [ m] ci ì
] o n[ h _ i o m ` c\ _ l m i h ni j i ` nb _ g o m] f_ [ l _ f_ mm ^ _ h m_ [ h ^ f_ mm
nca b n nb [ h nb _ f[ n_ l [ f ] i h h _ ] nci h m7 h _ p _ l nb _ f_ mm( o h ^ _ l g ch ch a nb _
h _ ] e me ch ` f[ j i p _ l nb _ g o m] f_ cm o mo [ ffs g i l _ ^ c` ` c] o fn nb [ h cn cm ch
` l i h n i ` nb _ g o m] f_ ã _ mj _ ] c[ ffs ch nb ch )h _ ] e _ ^ j [ nc_ h nm*
Ob _ KTI ^ QK] TI Z%K] \ I VMW] [ TQOI U M V \ [ [ l _ i mn_ i ` [ m] ci ] o n[ h _ i o m
[ ^ b _ mci h m nb [ n fch e ` [ m] c[ [ h ^ j _ l ci mn_ o g i h [ h ^ i p _ l nb _ ] i ff[ l ì
\ i h _ m ni nb _ i p _ l fs ch a me ch * Ob _ m_ fca [ g _ h nm l [ l _ fs h _ _ ^ ni \ _ l _ ì
f_ [ m_ ^ ch h _ ] e fc`n mo l a _ l s * C i q _ p _ l ( q b _ h D ^ i ` [ ] c[ f l _ mo l ` [ ] ch a
ch l _ ] i h mnl o ] ncp _ ] [ m_ m o mch a [ f[ l a _ o j q [ l ^ [ ^ p [ h ] _ g _ h n ] _ l p c)
] i j _ ] ni l [ f me ch ` f[ j ( nb _ m_ fca [ g _ h nm o mo [ ffs ^ i h _ _ ^ ni \ _ l _ ì
f_ [ m_ ^ ni [ ffi q nb _ ` f[ j ni mfc^ _ o j q [ l ^ q cnb i o n [ ] [ o ^ [ f n_ nb _ l *
< n nb _ ` l i h n i ` nb _ h _ ] e [ l _ mi g _ mj _ ] c[ fct _ ^ l _ nch [ ] o f[ _ ] o ncm
nb [ n D ] [ ff nb _ U M L QI T X TI \ a [ U I %K ] \ I V M W ] [ NQTI U MV\ [ & Ob _ m_ [ l _
nb _ fcnnf_ ` _ ffi q m( fch _ ^ o j ch p_ l nc] [ f ] i fo g h m( nb [ n di ch nb _ g _ ^ c[ f
_ ^ a _ m i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ $i l do mn f[ n_ l [ f ni nb _ g _ ^ c[ f _ ^ a _ m% ni nb _
me ch * O b _ s [ l _ ni o a b _ l [ h ^ g i l _ c^ _ h nc` c[ \ f_ ch mi g _ j [ nc_ h nm
nb [ h i nb _ l m( \ o n D] [ h i ` n_ h m_ _ nb _ g q b _ h D#g fi i e ch a o h ^ _ l nb _
me ch ` f[ j ` l i g nb _ mc^ _ m q b cf_ m_ j [ l [ nch a me ch ` l i g j f[ ns mg [ *
R cnb i o n nb _ g ( nb _ l _ g ca b n h i n \ _ mn[ nc] g o m] f_ \ [ h ^ m ã c` s i o \ _ ì
fc_ p_ nb [ n mf[ ] e me ch j o ffm nb _ g o m] f_ q cnb cn ni ` i l g nb _ \ [ h ^ *
Ob _ f[ mn mj _ ] c` c] me ch b i f^ _ l m ni g _ h nci h [ l _ nb _ [ S QV KZMI [ M ZMi
\ I QVQVO NQTI U MV\ [ & Ob _ m_ ni i [ l _ i l a [ h ct _ ^ l _ nch [ ] o f[ ] o ncm nb [ n
b i f^ nb _ ^ _ _ j b i l ct i h n[ f [ h n_ l ci l [ h ^ f[ n_ l [ f h _ ] e me ch ] l _ [ m_ m
[ h ^ nb _ f[ n_ l [ f h _ ] e p_ l nc] [ f me ch ] l _ [ m_ m l _ f[ ncp_ fs nca b nfs ni nb _
o h ^ _ l fs ch a ` [ m] c[ * P mo [ ffs do mn m_ p _ l ch a nb _ m_ l _ n[ ch ch a ` cf[ g _ h nm
q b cf_ o h ^ _ l g ch ch a nb _ me ch ] i h n[ ch ch a nb _ ] l _ [ m_ q cff mca h c` c] [ h nì
fs( c` h i n ] i g j f_ n_ fs ( _ l [ ^ c] [ n_ nb _ ] l _ [ m_ * = o n mi g _ ncg _ m nb _ o h ì
^ _ l g ch _ ^ ] l _ [ m_ q cff i h fs \ _ cg j l i p _ ^ [ h ^ h i n _ fcg ch [ n_ ^ \ s o h ì
^ _ l g ch ch a ( \ _ ] [ o m_ nb _ ^ _ l g cm q cnb ch nb _ ] l _ [ m_ cm nb ch h _ l [ h ^
g i l _ ] i g j [ ] n nb [ h cn cm ch nb _ mo l l i o h ^ ch a me ch *
Dh a _ h _ l [ f( mi ` n( ` [ nns h _ ] e m b [ p _ q cmj c_ l [ h ^ q _ [ e _ l l _ nch [ ] o f[ _
] o ncm nb _ h ^ i nb ch n[ o n h _ ] e m q cnb ^ _ _ j me ch ] l _ [ m_ m* I i h _ nb _ ì
f_ mm( D b [ p _ \ _ _ h ` i i f_ ^ g [ h s ncg _ m* H [ h s ` [ nns ( ` fi j j s h _ ] e m
b [ p _ \ _ _ h ` i o h ^ ni \ _ k o cn_ ni o a b ni ^ cmm_ ] n( q b _ l _ [ m g [ h s
m_ _ g ch a fs mh o a h _ ] e m b [ p _ i j _ h _ ^ o j q cnb mo l j l cmch a _ [ m_ * Dh
l _ a [ l ^ ni nb _ l _ mcmn[ h ] _ _ h ] i o h n_ l _ ^ ^ o l ch a me ch ` f[ j ^ cmm_ ] nci h (
[ h ^ nb _ _ r n_ h n i ` ` f[ j o h ^ _ l g ch ch a nb [ n q cff \ _ l _ k o cl _ ^ ni l _ ^ cmì
nl c\ o n_ nb _ o h n_ nb _ l _ ^ me ch ( D b [ p _ f_ [ l h _ ^ ( nb _ l _ ` i l _ ( ni _ r j _ ] n
nb _ o h _ r j _ ] n_ ^ *

- n.

\ SQY ZW
Tb
Ob _ l _ cm( b i q _ p _ l ( i h _ j l _ ^ c] n[ \ f_ ] i l l _ f[ nci h q i l nb g _ h nci h ch a
b _ l _ 6 q b _ l _ p _ l nb _ l _ [ l _ mni o n ` cf[ g _ h nm i l l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ ì
g _ h nm( nb _ l _ [ l _ [ ] ] i g j [ h s ch a \ fi i ^ p _ mm_ fm* R b _ h o h ^ _ l ì
g ch ch a nb _ h _ ] e me ch ` f[ j ( c` nb _ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m ` c\ l i ` [ nns ncmmo _
` _ _ fm q cl s $q b [ n D ] [ ff \ W] OP NI \ "$ l _ k o cl ch a ] o nnch a q cnb nb _ m] cmì
mi l m l [ nb _ l nb [ h _ [ ms mj l _ [ ^ ch a [ h ^ j o mb ch a nb l i o a b nb _ `[ n( nb [ n
o mo [ ffs g _ [ h m nb [ n q b _ h nb _ p [ mi ] i h mnl c] nci h i ` nb _ _ j ch _ j b l ch _
ch nb _ fi ] [ f [ h _ mnb _ nc] b [ m q i l h i ` ` ( nb _ ^ cmm_ ] n_ ^ q i o h ^ mo l ì
` [ ] _ m q cff \ f_ _ ^ p ca i l i o mfs * Dh nb [ n ] [ m_ * D#ff ^ i [ m g o ] b f[ n_ l [ f
` f[ j o h ^ _ l g ch ch a [ h ^ mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m h _ ] e [ h ^ ] b _ _ e ` [ n l _ m_ ] ì
nci h o mch a nb _ _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s [ m D m[ ` _ fs ] [ h ( _ p _ h nb i o a b cn
n[ e _ m g _ fi h a _ l ni ^ i cn nb [ n q [ s nb [ h q b _ h D o m_ m] cmmi l m*
< h ^ `ch [ ffs ( nb _ l _ [ l _ nb _ X TI \ a [ U I ZM\ I QVQVO TQOI U MV\ [ $ q b c] b
\ ch ^ nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ` [ m] c[ ] i h n[ ch ch a nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ni nb _ ch p _ mnì
ch a ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ i ` nb _ h _ ] e ( [ h ^ [ fmi \ ch ^ nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ni nb _
j _ l ci mn_ o g i ` nb _ b s i c^ \ i h _ [ h ^ g [ h ^ c\ f_ * Ob _ P a WQL TQOI U MV\ $
h [ g _ ^ \ s > i l n_ m _ n [ - I J IK l o h m nb l i o a b nb _ ] _ h nl [ f mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f
` [ n( [ h ] b i l ch a nb _ ^ _ _ j ` [ n ni \ i nb nb _ b s i c^ [ h ^ nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f
] _ l pc] [ f ` [ m] c[ [ n nb _ g c^ fch _ * C i q _ p _ l ( D^ i h i n \ _ fc_ p_ ( [ m > i l n_ m
_ n [ f ^ i ( nb [ n nb _ b s i c^ fca [ g _ h nm _ r n_ h ^ ch ni nb _ me ch [ n nb _ ] _ l ì
p c] i g _ h n[ f [ h a f_ *
Nno t ch #0è \ _ fc_ p_ m nb [ n nb _ j f[ ns mg [ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm \ _ ] i g _
ch ] l _ [ mch a fs f[ r q cnb ch ] l _ [ mch a [ a _ ( ] i h nl c\ o nch a ni ( c` h i n ch cncì
[ nch a ( nb _ ` i l g [ nci h i ` j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m [ h ^ mi ` n ncmmo _ m m[ a ì
a ch a [ n nb _ ` l i h n i ` nb _ h _ ] e [ h ^ g _ ^ c[ f d[ q fch _ * C _ ` i o h ^ nb _
nca b n_ mn j [ n] b i ` j f[ ns mg [ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm ni \ _ i p _ l nb _ f[ nì
_l [ f \ i ^ s [ h ^ a l _ [ n_ l ] i l h o i ` nb _ b s i c^ \ i h _ q b _ l _ nb _ mfch a i `
nb _ ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ cm fi ] [ n_ ^ * Ob _ l i f_ nb [ n f[ r j f[ ns mg [ l _ n[ ch ì
ch a fca [ g _ h nm g [ s j f[ s ch nb _ ^ _ p _ fi j g _ h n i ` mn[ nc] j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h
j f[ ns mg [ \ [ h ^ m cm ^ cm] o mm_ ^ ch > b [ j n_ l - ( [ h ^ nb _ l i f_ nb _ s g [ s
j f[ s ch nb _ ^ _ p _ fi j g _ h n i ` [ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp[ l s a f[ h ^ \ o fa ì
ch a cm ^ cm] o mm_ ^ ch > b [ j n_ l 5 *
D` nb _ XI ZI U ML QI V X TI \ a [ U I ZM\ I QVQVO TQOI U MV\ [ [ l _ f[ r ( nb _ nq i
j f[ ns mg [ m g [ s mnl _ n] b _ [ mcfs ni nb _ g c^ fch _ ` i l ] i h mnl o ] nci h i ` [
] i l m_ n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns * = o n c` nb _ fca [ g _ h nm fch e ch a nb _ j f[ ns mg [
ni nb _ ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ i p _ l nb _ mn_ l h i b s i c^ [ h ^ i g i b s i c^ g o m] f_ m
[ l _ nca b n [ h ^ ^ _ h m_ ( nb _ ] i h h _ ] ncp _ ncmmo _ ` c\ _ l m nb [ n ] i h mncno n_
nb _ fca [ g _ h nm h _ _ ^ ni \ _ mb [ l j fs ^ cp c^ _ ^ do mn o h ^ _ l nb _ j f[ ns mì
g [ m q cnb m] cmmi l m i l _ f_ ] nl i ] [ o n_ l s ni ch ] l _ [ m_ nb _ j f[ ns mg [ m#
g i \ cfcns * Ob _ m[ g _ g [ h _ o p _ l cm i ` n_ h h _ ] _ mm[ l s ni [ ffi q fc` nch a i `
nb _ j f[ ns mg [ i h _ [ ] b mc^ _ ch i l ^ _ l ni l _ g i p _ _ r ] _ mm j [ l [ g _ ^ c[ h
mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n( i l ni l _ [ ] b nb _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcp[ l s a f[ h ^ m*

+ n a c `UW
QOZ O\ Ob] [
g ] T bVS \ SQY

- - /
J p _ l nb _ f[ n_ l [ f \ i ^ s i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ [ l _ nb _ X TI \ a [ U I %U I V L QJ ] TI Z
TQOI U M V \ [ h fca [ g _ h nm nb [ n ] i h h _ ] n nb _ j f[ ns mg [ )N H < N f[ s _ l ni \ i nb
nb _ j [ l i nc^ )g [ mm_ n_ l c] ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ [ h ^ [ l _ [ m i ` _ r j i m_ ^ j _ l ci mn_ o g *
Eo m n [ \ i p _ nb _ d[ q fch _ ( nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f [ h ^ ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ _ ( [ fnb i o a b
] fi m_ fs [ j j fc_ ^ ni _ [ ] b i nb _ l ( [ l _ m_ j [ l [ n_ ^ \ s [ p_ cf i ` [ l _ i f[ l ncmmo _
] i h n[ ch ch a p _ l s fcnnf_ c` [ h s m o \ )N H < N ` [ n* Ob _ j f[ ns mg [ [ h ^ j [ l i nc^ )
g [ mm_ n_ l c] ` [ m] c[ ] [ h \ _ _ [ mcfs [ h ^ \ fo h nfs m_ j [ l [ n_ ^ nb _ l _ * = o n [ \ cn
g i l _ ] [ o ^ [ f( [ fi h a nb _ fi q _ l \ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ ( nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ì
g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l fca [ g _ h nm i ` n_ h \ ch ^ nb _ m_ nq i ` [ m] c[ f f[ s _ l m ni a _ nb _ l *
Ob _ j f[ ns mg [ )g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l fca [ g _ h nm g [ s \ _ fi i m_ i l [ fg i mn h i h ì
_ r cmn_ h n ch mi g _ j [ nc_ h nm( q b cf_ ch i nb _ l m( nb _ s g [ s \ _ k o cn_ nca b n*
D` nb _ s [ l _ nca b n( nb _ s g [ s ch b c\ cn nb _ \ [ ] e q [ l ^ i l o j q [ l ^ g i \ cfcns i `
nb _ j f[ ns mg [ [ fi h a nb _ d[ q fch _ q b _ h [ ^ _ _ j j f[ h _ i l NH < N)j f[ ns mg [
` [ ] _ fc`n cm ^ i h _ ( h _ ] _ mmcn[ nch a [ ^ cpcmci h i ` nb _ f[ n_ l [ f d[ q fch _ j f[ ns mì
g [ i l [ ] [ l _ ` o f fs mch a i ` nb _ n_ nb _ l ch a fca [ g _ h n ` c\ _ l m q cnb ch nb _ [ l _ i ì
f[ l ncmmo _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ni nb _ j [ l i nc^ )g [ mm_ n_ l c] ` [ m] c[ nb [ n nl [ h mj [ l _ h nì
fs ] i p _ l m nb _ g [ l a ch [ f g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l \ l [ h ] b i ` nb _ ` [ ] c[ f h _ l p_ * R b _ h [
] i l m_ n j f[ ns mg [ j f[ mns cm ^ i h _ ( b i q _ p _ l ( nb _ m_ d[ q fch _ fca [ g _ h nm( ` i l ì
no h [ n_ fs ( ^ i h i n m_ _ g ni ch b c\ cn nb _ g _ ^ c[ f mb c` n i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ni ì
q [ l ^ nb _ g c^ fch _ ` i l [ j j l i r cg [ nci h *
Ob _ j f[ ns mg [ l _ n[ ch ch a fca [ g _ h nm n_ h ^ ni \ _ fi i m_ ( ` _ q ( [ h ^ ` [ l \ _ ì
nq _ _ h \ _ h _ [ nb nb _ o j j _ l f[ n_l [ f j f[ ns mg [ \ o n \ _ ] i g _ ^ _ h m_ l [ h ^
nca b n_ l [ l i o h ^ nb _ j i ch n q b _ l _ nb _ mo j _ l ci l \ l [ h ] b $i l \ l [ h ] b _ m% i `
nb _ ] _ l pc] [ f `[ ] c[ f h _ l p _ _ h n_ l m nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ( [ j j l i r cg [ n_ fs H ] g
\ _ fi q nb _ [ h a f_ i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ [ h ^ . ni / ] g g _ ^ c[ f ni nb _ g _ ì
^ c[ f _ ^ a _ i ` nb _ o j j _ l mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ *IF*LI *GFM G GH uZ%_ l _ nb _ s g [ s
\ _ l _ ` _ l l _ ^ ni [ m nb _ [ ] J U I VL QJ ] TI Z X TI \ a [ U I ZM\ I QVQVO TQOI U MV\ [ &
> i l n_ m _ n [ fIJAI K ] [ ff_ ^ cn nb _ U I VL QJ ] TI Z I VOTM TQOI U MV\ $ c^ _ h nc` s ch a
` c\ l i o m ] i h h _ ] nci h m \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ [ h a f_ i ` nb _ d[ q ( nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mì
ni c^ ` [ m] c[ ( nb _ a l _ [ n_ l b i l h i ` nb _ b s i c^ \ i h _ ( [ h ^ nb _ me ch h _ [ l nb _
g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l [ h a f_ *
NP = KG< OTNH < G ANo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n cm mo \ ] o n[ h _ i o m ` [ n nb [ n fc_m \ _ h _ [ nb nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f
` [ m] c[ i ` nb _ h _ ] e ( [ h ^ [ m mo ] b cm [ j j fc_ ^ ni nb _ o h ^ _ l fs ch a ch p_ mnch a
^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ [ h ^ j _ l ci mn_ o g * Dh nb _ ] b _ _ e ( nb _ _ k o cp [ f_ h n cm mo \ )
N H < N ` [ n* Dh nb _ j _ l ci l \ cn[ f [ l _ [ ( nb _ _ k o cp [ f_ h n cm nb _ N J J A [ h ^ nb _
M J J A $mo \ i l \ c] o f[ l cm i ] o fc ` [ n ch nb _ fi q _ l _ s _ fc^ )] b _ _ e do h ] nci h ( [ h ^
l _ nl i i l \ c] o f[ l cm i ] o fc ` [ n ch nb _ o j j _ l _ s _ fc^ [ h ^ \ l i q %* < h ^ ch nb _
` i l _ b _ [ ^ ( nb _ _ k o cp [ f_ h n cm nb _ mo \ a [ f_ [ f `[ n*

- - 0

\ SQY ZW
Tb
Dh nb _ h _ ] e ( nb _ g c^ fch _ ` [ n nb [ n mcnm \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ g _ ^ c[ f _ ^ a _ m i `
nb _ j f[ ns mg [ cm i ` n_ h l _ ` _ l l _ ^ ni [ m QV \ M ZX TI \ a [ U I T NI \ ã [ h [ j n
h [ g _ * = o n D j l _ ` _ l ni ] [ ff nb [ n ` [ n U QL TQVM [ ] J X TI \ a [ U I T NI \ $ mch ] _
cn ^ i _ m ch ` [ ] n fc_ \ _ h _ [ nb nb _ mo j _ l ` c] c[ f ` [ m] c[ \ l c^ a ch a i h _
j f[ ns mg [ ni nb _ i nb _ l ( [ f\ _ cn( i ` n_ h ch pcmc\ fs * < h ^ c` q _ q _ l _ ni
] [ ff nb _ g c^ fch _ ` [ n ch n_ l j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n( q b [ n nb _ h mb i o f^ q _ ] [ ff
nb _ ` [ n nb [ n mcnm \ _ h _ [ nb nb _ [ l _ [ i ` nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f j f[ ns mg [ ^ _ ì
] o mm[ nci h ; Dn l _ [ ffs ] [ h #n \ _ ] [ ff_ ^ ch n_ l j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n( [ h ^ s _ n cn#m
nb _ m[ g _ ` [ n* < h ^ q b [ n i ` nb _ ch n_ l j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n nb [ n _ r n_ h ^ m o h ì
^ _ l nb _ g _ ^ c[ f j f[ ns mg [ i h _ [ ] b mc^ _ ã mb i o f^ nb [ n \ _ ] [ ff_ ^ [ fì
g i mn ch n_ l j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n; T i o a _ n nb _ j i ch nã q b c] b cm q b s D nb ch e
cn#m \ _ mn ni do mn ] [ ff [ ff i ` nb cm ^ _ _ j ` [ n( ch ] fo ^ ch a nb _ g c^ fch _ mno ` ` (
mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n*
Ob _ k o [ fcns i ` m o \ j f[ ns m g [ f ` [ n cm a _ h _ l [ ffs ^ c` ` _ l _ h n nb [ h mo j l [ )
j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n( \ _ ] [ o m_ cn o mo [ ffs b [ m g o ] b g i l _ ` c\ l i o m ] i h h _ ] ì
ncp _ ncmmo _ q i p _ h nb l i o a b cn $nb _ b s i c^ fca [ g _ h n% ã g [ e ch a m o \ ì
j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n g i l _ ^ c` ` c] o fn ni l _ g i p _ nb [ h mo j l [ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n(
[ h ^ cg j [ l nch a [ ] i h mcmn_ h ] s nb [ n l _ m_ g \ f_ m ` cl g mj i h a _ l o \ \ _ l
q b _ h mk o _ _ t _ ^ \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ ` ch a _ l m ã [ n f_ [ mn ch nb _ g c^ fch _ [ l _ [ *
Ao l nb _ l f[ n_ l [ ffs ( [ h ^ i p _ l nb _ mn_ l h i g [ mni c^ g o m] f_ ( nb _ ^ _ _ j
[ ^ cj i ` [ m] c[ f f[ s _ l cm f_ mm ` c\ l i o m [ h ^ g i l _ g i \ cf_ *3/
O b _ P a W QL TQO I U M V \ q cnb ch nb _ g c^ fch _ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n mnl i h a fs
[ h ] b i l m nb _ ` [ n ni nb _ b s i c^ ( nb _ j _ l cb s i c^ ` [ m] c[ ( nb _ [ h n_ l ci l \ _ fì
fc_ m i ` nb _ ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m( nb _ g c^ fch _ a [ j \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ [ h n_ ì
l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] m nb [ n i p _ l fc_ m nb _ g s fi b s i c^ g o m] f_ ( [ h ^ nb _ ch p _ mnì
ch a ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ l o h h ch a ^ i q h nb _ g c^ fch _ i ` nb _ h _ ] e * Dh nb cm
j [ nc_ h n( [ fg i mn [ ff i ` nb _ ] _ h nl [ f mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n b [ m \ _ _ h l _ ì
g i p _ ^ ( q cnb i h fs l _ g h [ h nm i ` ` [ n f_ ` n ] fch a ch a ni nb _ ch p _ mnch a
^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ ni nb _ l ca b n i ` nb _ j [ nc_ h n#m g c^ fch _ *

+ n a c `UW
QOZ O\ Ob] [
g ] T bVS \ SQY

- - 1
Dh g i m n j [ nc_ h nm( g i m n i ` nb _ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n _ r n_ h ^ m i p _ l
ni nb _ g _ ^ c[ f q [ ff i ` nb _ ] [ j mo f_ ] i h n[ ch ch a nb _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l
m[ fcp [ l s a f[ h ^ m( [ h ^ mni j m nb _ l _ ã [ m m_ _ h ch nb cm ] [ ^ [ p _ l q cnb
nb _ j f[ ns mg [ ` f[ j m no l h _ ^ \ [ ] e * Ob _ a f[ h ^ ] [ j mo f_ m ch nb cm p _ l s
_ f^ _ l fs j [ nc_ h n q _ l _ \ o n [ q cmj s ` cfg i ` ncmmo _ ( [ h ^ nb _ a f[ h ^ m
nb _ g m_ fp _ m q _ l _ _ r nl _ g _ fs j ni nc] *
R cnb nb _ ] _ h nl [ f mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n l _ g i p _ ^ ( nb _ o h ^ _ l fs ch a [ h n_ ì
l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] g o m] f_ m [ h ^ b s i c^ ] [ h \ _ m_ _ h *

- - 2

\ SQY ZW
Tb
Ob _ k o [ h ncns i ` mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n cm k o cn_
p [ l c[ \ f_ * Dn g [ s \ _ [ \ o h ^ [ h n ch mi g _ j [ nc_ h nm(
fce _ nb cm j [ nc_ h n q b i b [ ^ [ nb c] e h _ ] e )nc_ i `
mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n l _ g i p _ ^ nb [ n b [ ^ _ r n_ h ^ _ ^
[ ff nb _ q [ s ^ i q h nb _ g c^ fch _ [ fg i mn ni nb _
mo j l [ mn_ l h [ f h i n] b * Dh mi g _ j [ nc_ h nm q cnb p _ l s
` [ nns h _ ] e m( nb _ mo \ j f[ ns mg [ f ` [ n g [ s mo l ì
l i o h ^ nb _ ] [ j mo f_ i ` nb _ mo \ g [ h ^ c\ o f[ l m[ fcì
p [ l s a f[ h ^ m [ h ^ _ r n_ h ^ f[ n_ l [ ffs [ ff nb _ q [ s i o n
ni nb _ f[ n_ l [ f \ i l ^ _ l i ` nb _ j f[ ns mg [ m( q b cf_ ch
nb ch )h _ ] e _ ^ j [ nc_ h nm( nb _ [ g i o h n i ` mo \ j f[ ì
ns mg [ f ` [ n g [ s \ _ k o cn_ g _ [ a _ l ( [ h ^ j _ n_ l i o n
[ \ i p _ nb _ b s i c^ *
< I ? H TGJ CTJ D?
H P N>G@N
Ob _ mc^ _ m i ` nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f nl c[ h a f_ [ l _ ` i l g _ ^ \ s nb _ nq i [ h n_ l cì
i l ^ ca [ mnl c] \ _ ffc_ m [ h ^ nb _ \ [ m_ cm ` i l g _ ^ \ s nb _ \ i ^ s i ` nb _ b s ì
i c^ \ i h _ ( q cnb nb _ g s fi b s i c^ g o m] f_ m [ ] nch a [ m [ ] i g g i h i l [ f
^ c[ j b l [ a g \ _ nq _ _ h nb _ ` fi i l i ` nb _ mo \ g _ h n[ f nl c[ h a f_ [ h ^ nb _
` fi i l i ` nb _ g i o nb * Dh g i m n j [ nc_ h nm( nb _ g s fi b s i c^ m [ l _ ] i g ì
j f_ n_ fs b c^ ^ _ h ` l i g nb _ j f[ mnc] mo l a _ i h #m _ s _ \ _ h _ [ nb nb _ [ h ì
n_ l ci l ^ ca [ mnl c] m( _ r ] _ j n [ n [ mg [ ff g c^ fch _ h i n] b [ \ i p _ nb _ b s i c^
q b _ l _ nb _ ^ ca [ mnl c] m ] o l p _ i o nq [ l ^ 7 _ p _ h nb _ l _ ( nb _ g s fi b s i c^ m
[ l _ o mo [ ffs ] i p _ l _ ^ \ s q b cn_ ch p _ mnch a ^ _ _ j ` [ m] c[ ( mi nb _ g o m] f_
cnm_ f` cm h i n m_ _ h *
Ob _ [ h n_ l ci l \ _ ffs i ` nb _ ^ ca [ mnl c] m [ l cm_ ` l i g nb _ ^ ca [ mnl c] ` i mì
m[ _ i ` nb _ g [ h ^ c\ f_ $q b c] b fi i e fce _ ` ch a _ l j l ch nm ch nb _ \ i h _ h _ [ l
nb _ g c^ fch _ %( [ h ^ ] i h h _ ] n q cnb nb _ j i mn_ l ci l \ _ ffc_ m pc[ [ l i o h ^ QVi
\ MZU ML QI \ M \ MVL WV nb [ n cm b _ f^ ch j f[ ] _ \ s [ ` [ m] c[ f mfch a [ nì
n[ ] b _ ^ ni nb _ \ i ^ s [ h ^ a l _ [ n_ l b i l h i ` nb _ b s i c^ * Ob _ n_ h ^ i h
l o h m nb l i o a b [ mj fcn ch nb _ mns fi b s i c^ g o m] f_ * J ] ] [ mci h [ ffs ( nb _
[ h n_ l ci l \ _ ffc_ m g [ s ] l i mm nb _ g c^ fch _ ( [ h ^ cn cm h i n o h ] i g g i h ` i l
nb _ g ni \ _ ` o m_ ^ q cnb nb _ g s fi b s i c^ m*