Phẫu Thuật Tạo Hình Grabb & Smith’s (Bản Cập Nhật – Kevin C. Chung)

Spiral cords, 859
Spiral flap, 657
Spiral oblique retinacular ligament reconstruction, 769, 770f
Spitz nevi, 238–240, 240f
Splinting
extreme hyperextension, 768
mutilating upper extremity injuries, 820
trigger finger, 781
Split ear lobes, 541–542
Split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs), 49–50, 680
Spreader flaps, 530–531, 531f–532f, 534
Spreader grafts, 530–531, 531f–532f, 534
Squamous cell carcinoma, 173, 173t
Stable proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) injuries, 798
Staging reconstruction
complex defects, 33–34
prefabrication, 34, 34f
Stahl deformity, 539, 541, 543f
Stahl ear, 313
Standard body-powered prosthetic function, 921
Standard deviation, 157
Standard three-view wrist X-rays, 810
Staph aureus, 673
Staphylococcus aureus, 673
STARplasty, 891
Static procedures, facial paralysis, 425
Statistical power, 155
Statistics, practicing physician
adjusted analyses, 160–161
analytic approaches, 159–160
data and appropriate analyses, 157–159
data collection, 162–163
data presenting, 161–162
power calculations, 156–157
research studies, 155
statistical significance, 155–156
statistician consultation, 163–164
Stem cells, 14
tissue engineering, 114, 114f
differentiation, 115, 115f
Stenosing tenosynovitisSeeTrigger finger
Stenstrom technique, 540
Sternal notch (SN), 555, 556f
Sternal notch to nipple (SN-N), 555, 556f
Sternal wound reconstruction, 955f
adequate debridement, 953
midline sternal defects, 954
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rigid sternal fixation, 953
risk factors, 952
Steroids, 575
Stiffness, 736
STK11, 583
Stratification, 161
Stratified sampling, 148
Study design, research, 152t
case-control studies, 151–152
cohort studies, 152
observational studies, 151
randomization, 152, 153f
randomized controlled trials, 152
Subcutaneous adipose tissue, 632
Sublingual, 361
Submandibular, 361
Submucous cleft, 325
Submucous cleft palate, 229
Substituted judgment, 142
Subungual hematoma, 686
Subungual tumors, 867
Suction-assisted lipectomy, 572, 632See alsoLiposuction
gynecomastia, 577, 577f
Suction-assisted liposuction (SAL), 564, 633
Superficial circumflex iliac perforator (SCIP) flaps, 684
Superficial fascia system (SFS), 632, 643
Superficial inferior epigastric flaps, 59–60
Superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), 512–515, 514f
Superficial palmar arch, 875, 875f
Superior gluteal artery perforator flaps, 60
Superior pedicle approach, 564
Supermicrosurgery, 5
Superomedial pedicle technique, 569, 569f–570f
vertical skin resection
operative technique, 570, 570f–571f
preoperative markings, 570
Suprascapular nerve, 700
transfer, 702, 702f
Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion, 296
Surgical planning, patient safety
informed consent, 136
location/certification, 136
medications, 136
operating room time, 136
site-specific considerations, 136
Surgical site protection, 4
Survivable injuries, 180
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Survival analysis, 159
Suspended replantation, 829
Swan-neck deformity, 931, 933f, 933t
Symbrachydactyly, 909
Symptomatic neuromas, 922
Syndactyly, 908f
Apert syndrome, 907–909
border digits, 907
classification, 907
skin deficiency, 907, 907f
timing of surgical intervention, 907
web creep, 907, 908f
Syndromic breast cancer susceptibility genes, 583
Synergy in tendon transfer surgery, 787
Synkinesis, 425
Synovitis, 929
Synthetic fillers
calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), 476
Gore-Tex, 476
poly-l-lactic acid, 476
polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), 476
silicone, 476
Syringomyelia, 693
Systematic sampling, 148
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 927, 934–935
Systemic therapy for breast cancer, 585
Tamoxifen, 577, 599
Targeted biologic therapies, 585
Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR), 922, 922f, 923t
Targeted sensory reinnervation (TSR), 922–923
Tattoo pigments, 218–219, 613
Temporal augmentation, 547
Temporary shunting
signs of vascular injury, 821
suggestions of vascular injury, 821
Tendon and muscle repair, 821
Tendon reconstruction, 759–760
Tendon repair
hand and upper extremity
after resection, 833, 833f
zone 1, 833
zone 2, 833
zone 3, 833
zone 4, 833
Tendon transfers
postoperative management, 794
principles
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one tendon, one function, 786
protective sensation, 785
straight line of pull, 786
supple joints, 786
surgical considerations, 786
timing, 785
tissue equilibrium, 786
selecting appropriate donor muscles
adequate strength and control, 786, 787t
excursion, 786
expendable donor, 786
synergy, 787
specific nerve palsies
median nerve palsy, 788–791
radial nerve palsy, 787–788
ulnar nerve palsy, 791–794
Tennis elbow, 778
Tenodesis effect, 756
Tenosynovitis disorders
De Quervain disease, 780–781, 780f
intersection syndrome, 781
lateral epicondylitis
atrophy and discoloration after multiple steroid injections, 779, 779f
botulinum toxin A, 779
extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), 778
extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), 778
extensor digitorum communis (EDC), 778
physical and occupational therapy, 779
surgical intervention, 779
treatment, 779
medial epicondylitis, 779–780
trigger finger, 781–782, 781f–782f
Terry Thomas sign, 810
Test value, 155
Tetanus prophylaxis, 757, 820
Tetracycline, 672
Tetraplegia
clinical evaluation, 719, 720f
elbow reconstruction, restoration, 723–724, 724f
International Classification for Surgery of the Hand in Tetraplegia (ICSHT) level
group 0, 720–721, 721t
group 1, 721, 722f
group 2, 722, 723f
group 3, 722
group 6, 723
group 7, 723
group 8, 723
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group 4 and 5, 722–723
intrinsic reconstruction, 724
management, 719–720
muscle grading system, 720, 721t
pathophysiology, 719
upper extremity function, 724, 725t
Textured implants, 592
Thermal injuries, 177–186
Thermoplastic splint, 533, 533f
Thighplasty
complications, 648
patient evaluation, 646, 646f
postoperative care, 648
skin and subcutaneous tissue, 643
surgical technique
excision-site liposuction, 648
intraoperative steps, 647–648
markings, 647, 647f
Thighs
buttock contouring, 643
photography, 122, 123f
Thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps, 60
Thoracodorsal (TD) vessels, 600
Thrombectomy, 876
Thromboembolism, 877
Thrombolytics, 876
Thrombosis, 44, 822, 879–880, 880f
Thumb
amputation, 917, 918f
avulsion amputation, 848, 848f
duplication, 909
fingertip defect
dorsal metacarpal artery (DMCA) flap, 681
flap options, 681, 682t
locoregional flaps, 681
Moberg flap reconstruction, 681
subungual melanoma, 681, 683f
volar/ulnar side defects, 681, 682f
hand fractures, 735, 736f
interphalangeal joint injuries, 801
special considerations, 773–774, 774
Thumb carpometacarpal joint (tCMC), 804
Thumb MCPJ radial collateral ligament injuries, 803–804
Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint dislocations
dorsal tMCPJ dislocations, 804
dorsal tMCPJ subluxation, 804
volar tMCPJ dislocation, 804
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Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint (tMCPJ) injuries
acute thumb MCPJ ulnar collateral ligament injuries, 802–803, 803f
chronic thumb MCPJ UCL injuries, 803
thumb MCPJ dislocations
dorsal tMCPJ dislocations, 804
dorsal tMCPJ subluxation, 804
volar tMCPJ dislocation, 804
thumb MCPJ radial collateral ligament injuries, 803–804
Thumb reconstruction
amputation, metacarpal but with preserved TM joint
microsurgical techniques, 851
nonmicrosurgical techniques, 851
amputation, proximal phalanx with preserved MP joint
microsurgical reconstruction, 850–851
nonmicrosurgical techniques, 850
amputation with destruction of TM joint
pollicization, 851
second-toe transfer, 851–852
anatomy, 847
biomechanics, 847
classification and reconstructive approach, 848, 849t
patient evaluation, 847
reconstructive goals
length, 847
mobility/position, 847–848
sensate and painless tip, 848
replantation, 848, 848f
soft tissue deficit with acceptable length, 848
cross-finger flap, 849–850
first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap, 849
heterodigital neurovascular island pedicle flap, 850
local and regional flaps, 849
microsurgical soft tissue reconstruction, 850
toe-to-thumb reconstruction
great-toe transfer, 852
second-toe transfer, 853
toe pulp and distal trimmed toe-transfer, 854, 854f
toe-transfer donor site morbidity and outcomes, 855, 855f
trimmed great-toe transfer, 853, 853f
twisted-toe transfer, 853
wrap-around great-toe transfer, 853
Thumb replantation, 837–838, 838f, 848, 848f
Thyrolaryngoplasty, 1022, 1022f
Tibial nerve function, 703
Time compensation, 163
Tinel test, 867
“Tingling,” 690
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Tip cartilage-splitting method, 533
Tip delivery method, 533
Tissue engineering, 5
bone, 117
cartilage, 117
cell sources
adult stem cells, 114
embryonic stem cells, 114–115
fully differentiated somatic cell lines, 114
induced pluripotent stem cells, 115
stem cell differentiation, 115, 115f
stem cells, 114, 114f
chronic wounds, 116
definition, 112
fat, 116–117
plastic surgery
bone, 117
cartilage, 117
chronic wounds, 116
fat, 116–117
skin substitutes, 116
regenerative medicine, 112
scaffolds, 116, 116f
skin substitutes, 116
strategies, 112–113, 113f
cell-material hybrids, 113, 114f
injectable cell therapies, 112–113
in situ tissue regeneration, 113
Tissue equilibrium, 786
Tissue expansion
anatomic region, 99–101
biological effects, 97, 98f
breast
congenital anomalies, 101
gender identity disorder, 101
postmastectomy breast reconstruction, 101
burn scars, 190–191
cheek reconstruction, 417
complications, 101, 102t
cranial reconstruction, 99f
definition, 97
extremities, 101
flaps, 98
hairline restoration, 100f
head and neck
face and neck, 99–101
forehead, 99
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scalp, 99, 99f–100f
history, 97
implants, 83
principles, 97–101
skin, 98t
soft tissue, 98t
surgical design, 98–99
trunk, 101
types, 97–98, 98f
TNM staging system, 584
Toe pulp and distal trimmed toe-transfer, 854, 854f
Toe-to-thumb reconstruction
great-toe transfer, 852
second-toe transfer, 853
toe pulp and distal trimmed toe-transfer, 854, 854f
toe-transfer donor site morbidity and outcomes, 855, 855f
trimmed great-toe transfer, 853, 853f
twisted-toe transfer, 853
wrap-around great-toe transfer, 853
Topical anesthesia, 104–106
end organ perfusion, 106
epinephrine infiltration, 106
infiltration, 106
liposuction, 106
toxicity, 106
treatment, 106
tumescent technique, 106
Toxicity, local anesthesia, 106
TP53, 583
Traditional abdominoplasty, 636, 637f
Traditional liposuction
laser-assisted liposuction (LAL), 634
power-assisted liposuction (PAL), 633
suction-assisted liposuction (SAL), 633
ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL), 633
Transareolar incision, 578
Transcolumellar stairstep incision, 527
Transconjunctival approach, 507
Transcutaneous approach
augmentation, 506
closure, 507
fat removal, 506
lateral canthal tightening, 507
relocation, 506
skin/muscle resection, 506
Transfeminine surgery
breast augmentation, 1023
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facial feminization, 1021
thyrolaryngoplasty, 1022
vaginoplasty, 1023
voice pitch alteration, 1022
Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), 9, 11f
Transillumination, 867
Transmasculine surgery
mastectomy, 1024–1025
metoidioplasty, 1028
phalloplasty, 1025–1027
Transmetacarpal replantation, 839–840, 842f
Transplantation
applications
bone allograft, 71
cartilage allograft, 71
cartilage xenograft, 71
nerve allograft, 72
skin, 71
skin xenograft, 71
definitions, 66–67
historical perspectives, 65–66
immunology
alloimmunity, 67, 67f–68f
immunosuppression, 69, 69f, 70t
antiproliferative agents, 69
biologic agents, 70
calcineurin inhibitors, 69
corticosteroids, 69–70
induction agents, 69
mTOR inhibitors, 69
nomenclature, 66–67
reconstructive transplantation, 72
face transplantation, 73–74
future outlook, 75
novel technologies, 75
penile transplantation, 74–75
upper extremity transplantation, 72–73, 
 72f–73f
uterus transplantation, 74
rejection
acute rejection, 68
chronic rejection, 68–69
hyperacute rejection, 68
tolerance, 70–71
Transplant immunosuppression, 5
Transposition flap, 27, 29f
Transradial amputation, 917, 917f, 918–920, 920f
Transradial styloid perilunate fracture 
 dislocation, 813, 814f
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Transradial styloid pinning, 745
Transverse carpal ligament (TCL), 691
Transverse component, tumor resection, 869
Transverse/diagonal upper gracilis, 60–61
Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block, 108–109
Trapeziectomy, 941
Trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint, 847See alsoAmputation
Trauma scars, 220
Traumatic ischemia, 876
Traumatic thrombosis, 879
Traumatic wounds, 2
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS)
clinical findings, 331
complications, 331–332
definition, 331
etiology, 331
pathogenesis, 331
treatment, 331
Triamcinolone, 779
Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), 663, 664f, 740
Trigger finger, 781–782, 781f–782f
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 672
Trimmed great-toe transfer, 853, 853f
Triquetral fractures, 750–751
Trunk tissue expansion, 101
Truthfulness, 140
T-test, 150
Tuberous breast deformity, 618t
bilateral type III tuberous breast, 616, 
 616f
characteristics, 616
etiology, 616
Grolleau classification, 616, 617f
incidence, 616
surgical correction
approach, 617
implants, 618
mastopexy, 618
principles, 617
radial scoring and internal tissue rearrangement, 617–618, 619f
standard augmentation mammoplasty, 617, 618f
treatment algorithm, 617, 619f
Tumescent technique, local anesthesia, 106
Twisted-toe transfer, 853
Two-jaw surgery, 297
Two-stage mastopexy-augmentation, 562
Two-tailed test, 158
Type I deformity, 616
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Type I error, 155
Type II deformity, 616
Type II error, 155
Type III deformity, 616
Type II (open) mallet finger, 768, 770f
Ulnar component, tumor resection, 869
Ulnar hand, 668
Ulnar injuries, 701–702, 702f
Ulnar nerve compression
cubital tunnel syndrome, 693
ulnar tunnel syndrome, 693–694
Ulnar nerve palsy
anatomy
brand flexor carpi radialis tendon transfer, 792, 793f
classic insertion sites, 792, 794f
dynamic tendon transfers for claw deformity, 791, 791t
dynamic tenodesis for claw hand correction, 792, 793f
elongated extensor carpi radialis longus, 793, 794f
extensor carpi radialis brevis adductorplasty, 792, 792f
Froment sign, 791
key pinch, 792
physical examination, 792
primary functional losses, 792
Wartenberg sign, 791
tendon transfers, 793–794
Ulnar neurovascular, 108
Ulnar styloid injuries, 747
Ulnar tunnel syndrome
anatomy, 693
diagnosis, 693
etiology, 693
treatment, 693–694
Ultrasound (US)
breast augmentation (BA), 556
breast cancer, 584
cubital tunnel syndrome, 693
deep-space infections, 675
hand tumors, 867
intersection syndrome, 781
lateral epicondylitis, 778
medial epicondylitis, 780
Ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL), 577, 578, 624, 624f
cavitation, 633
mechanical, 633
thermal, 633
Unilateral cleft lip, 227–228, 229–231, 231f
Universal protocol, 136
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Unnecessary adjustment, 161
Unstable proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) injuries
dynamic external fixation/dynamic skeletal traction, 799, 799f
hemihamate osteochondral arthroplasty, 800, 800f
K-wire fixation, 799
open reduction and internal fixation, 799
volar plate arthroplasty, 800
Upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers, 355–359, 355f–359f
anatomy, 355–356, 355f
hypopharyngeal cancer, 357
incidence, 356
laryngeal cancer, 357
nasopharyngeal cancer, 357
oral cavity cancer, 356–357, 356f
oropharyngeal cancer, 357
preoperative considerations
biopsies, 356
imaging, 356
metastatic workup, 356
staging, 356
risk factors, 356
treatment, 358–359
unknown primary cancer, 358
Upper extremities
chronic nerve compression, 690
compartment syndrome
anatomy, 895–897
chronic, 900
diagnosis, 899–900
epidemiology, 895
etiology, 898–899
history, 895
outcomes and complications, 903
pathophysiology, 897–898
postoperative management, 902
treatment, 900–902
diagnosis
adjunctive studies, 690–691
history, 690
median nerve compression, 691–693
mutilating traumaSeeMutilating upper extremity injuries
nerve transfers, 701t
axillary, 701
birth-related brachial plexus palsies (BRBPP), 702–703, 702f
flail arm, 702
median, 702
musculocutaneous, 701
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radial, 701, 701f
suprascapular, 700
ulnar, 701–702, 702f
radial nerve compression, 694
surgical principles, 691
tenosynovitis disorders
De Quervain disease, 780–781
intersection syndrome, 781
lateral epicondylitis, 778–779
medial epicondylitis, 779–780
trigger finger, 781–782
wrist and hand, 782
transplantation, 72–73, 72f–73f
ulnar nerve compression, 693–694
vasospastic disorders, 485
Upper extremity reconstruction, 4, 719
Upper extremity soft tissue reconstruction
clinical consideration
flaps, 679
influential factors, 679, 680t
dorsal hand defect
distant pedicle flaps, 684
flap selections, 683, 683t
free fasciocutaneous flaps, 684
free/pedicle fascial flaps, 684
lateral arm flaps, 684
medium-sized defects, 683
superficial circumflex iliac perforator (SCIP) flaps, 684
fingertip defect, 680–681, 681t
nail bed injury, 686
palmar hand defect, 684–685, 685f
partial/full-thickness skin loss
dermal substitute, 680
skin grafts, 680
principles, 679
thumb fingertip defect, 681–683
Upper extremity surgery
assessment
elements, 668, 668t
imaging modalities, 669, 669t
physical examination, 669, 669t
fuel and control
arteries, 665–666
nerves, 666
functional anatomy
forearm, 663, 663f–664f
hand, 664
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wrist, 663–664
movement makers
extensors, 664–665, 665f
flexors, 665, 666f
intrinsic tendons, 665
surface anatomy
digit, 668, 668f
dorsal hand, 667–668, 667f
forearm, 666–667, 667f
radial hand, 668, 668f
ulnar hand, 668
volar hand, 667, 667f
treatment
operative, 670
postoperative, 670
preoperative, 669–670
Upper eyelid reconstruction
anterior lamellar, 383–384
full-thickness defects, 384
outcomes, 384–385
partial-thickness defects, 383–384
prognosis, 384–385
Upper facial fractures
complications, 346
frontal sinus fractures, 345–346
Upper lid reconstruction, 191, 192f
Upper lid techniques
anesthesia, 505
fat removal, 506
lacrimal gland, 506
markings, 505, 506f
muscle resection, 506
skin closure, 506
skin resection, 506
Upper limb amputations
digital amputation, 917, 918f
distal humerus Marquardt angulation osteotomy, 920, 921f
elbow disarticulation, 920
vs. limb salvage, 916
partial hand amputation, 917, 919f
patient-specific management, 916
pediatric amputations, 921
proximal transhumeral amputation, 
 920–921
shoulder disarticulation, 921
thumb amputation, 917, 918f
transradial amputation, 917, 917f, 918–920, 920f
wrist disarticulation, 917–918
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Upper limb salvage, 916
Upper thigh flaps, 60–61
Urticaria, 171
Uterus transplantation, 74
Vaginal reconstruction, 995
Vaginoplasty, 1023, 1023f
penile inversion vaginoplasty technique, 
 1024
postoperative care and management, 1024
preoperative considerations, 1023–1024
Valsalva maneuver, 632
Vascular anomalies, 882, 882f–883f
algorithm for management, 251f
historical perspective, 246
vascular malformations, 248–250
vascular tumors, 246–248
Vascular compromise, 572
Vascular disease, 978
Vascular disorders of hand
acute ischemia
iatrogenic, 876–877, 876f–877f
thromboembolism, 877
traumatic, 876
venous thrombosis, 877
anatomy
arterial, 875, 875f
venous, 875
anomalies, 882
chronic ischemia
aneurysm and thrombosis, 879–880, 880f–881f
Buerger disease, 880
vasospastic disease, 877–879, 878f–879f
evaluation
diagnostic studies, 876
history, 876
physical examination, 876
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 9, 
 11f
Vascularized free tissue transfer, mandible reconstruction
deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA), 434–435, 436f
fibula free flap, 435
pediatric considerations, 440
scapula free flap, 435, 437f
single-stage comprehensive mandibular restoration, 438–440
virtual surgical planning, 437–438, 440f
Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT), 1005–1007, 1006f
Vascular lesions, 468, 867
Vascular malformations
arteriovenous malformations, 250, 250f, 251t
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capillary malformations, 249
clinical course, 248
epidemiology, 248
lymphatic malformations, 249
venous malformations, 250
Vascular reconstruction, tumor reconstruction, 869
Vascular repair, 821–822, 822f
Vascular tumors
congenital hemangiomas, 248
hemangioendotheliomas, 248
infantile hemangiomas
clinical course, 246
epidemiology, 246
imaging, 246–247
pathophysiology, 246
treatment, 247, 247f–248f
Vascular ulcers, 12
Vasospastic disease, 877–879, 878f–879f
Vaughan-Jackson syndrome, 929
Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD)
anatomy, 320–321
chromosomal syndromes, 325
diagnosis, 321–322
functional palatal lengthening, 323
history, 321
magnetic resonance imaging, 322
nasometry, 322
nasopharyngoscopy, 322
nonsurgical management, 325
perceptual speech evaluation, 321–322
physical examination, 321
physiology, 320–321
prognosis, 325
speech videofluoroscopy, 322
surgical management, 322–325
velopharyngeal incompetence, 320
velopharyngeal mislearning, 320
Velopharyngeal function, 320
Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI)
cleft lip and palate treatment, 230t
complications, 325
functional palatal lengthening, 323
orthognathic surgery, 235
tonsillectomy, 325
velopharyngeal dysfunction, 320
Z-plasty technique, 234
Venous insufficiency, 35
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Venous malformations, 250
Venous reconstruction, 822
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis, 629
Venous thrombosis, 877
Venous ulcers, 12
Vertical mastopexies, 559–560, 560f
Vertical maxillary deficiency, 290
Vertical maxillary excess, 290
Vertical ramus osteotomy, 296–297
Vessel repair
hand and upper extremity
arterial thrombosis/spasm, 834
digital arteries, 833, 834f
vein grafts, 834
venous drainage, 834
Vibrio vulnificus, 676
Vicryl suture, 540
Videography
application, 123–124
background, 124
equipment, 124
guidelines, 124
lighting, 124
Virginal mammary hypertrophy, 621–622, 
 622f
Virtual surgical planning, 292–293, 294f–295f, 437–438, 440f
Visible spectrum evaluation, 876
Vitamin B (thiamin) deficiency, 628
Vitamin E, scar management, 20
Voice pitch alteration, 1022
Volar hand
hand with wires, 667, 667f
palpable pisiform, 667, 667f
Volar locking plate fixation, 745, 745f–746f
Volar plate arthroplasty, 800
Volar plate avulsion, 798
Volar proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) dislocation, 800
Volkmann ischemic contracture, 903, 
 903f
Vulvar reconstruction, 995
V-Y advancement flap, 27, 29f, 681
Warming, 137
Wartenberg sign, 791
Wartenberg Syndrome (WS), 694
Warthin tumor, 360
Web creep, 907, 908f
Wetting solution techniques, 633, 633t
White blood cell (WBC), 672
Wise-pattern/inverted-T mastopexy, 560–561, 561f
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Wise skin pattern, 656
Wnt signaling pathway, 858
Women’s Health and Cancer Rights Act of 1998, 583
Wound breakdown, 629
Wound care
first-degree burns, 887
fourth-degree burns, 887
location
ears, 1015
heels, 1015
ischium, 1014
massive/multifocal pressure injuries, 1015
sacrum, 1014
scapula, 1015
trochanter, 1014, 1014f
nonoperative management
biologic therapies, 1013
dressings, 1012
hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), 1013
negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT), 1012
other therapies, 1013
second-degree burns, 887
surgical management
debridement and wound optimization, 1013
indications, 1013
reconstruction, 1013, 1013f
third-degree burns, 887
Wound healing, 890
aberrant wound healing
arterial ulcers, 12
chronic wounds, 12
diabetic foot ulcers, 12
factors, 12–14
pressure injuries, 12, 13f
vascular ulcers, 12
venous ulcers, 12
advanced wound healing strategies
biological therapies, 14–15
biophysical forces, 15
knowledge gaps, 15
scaffolds, 15
definition, 9
extracellular matrix (ECM), 10–12, 11f
hemostasis, 9
inflammation, 9, 10f
mechanical forces, 10
metabolic syndromes, 14
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microorganisms, 13–14
nutrition, 12
obesity, 14
proliferation, 9, 11f
radiation therapy, 12
remodeling, 9
scars, 18
stages, 9
Wounds
gunshot, 706
location, 672
volar pulp, 848
W-plasty closure, 21
Wrap-around great-toe transfer, 853
Wrist, 663
disarticulation, 917–918
extrinsic extensors, 763, 765t
hamate bone, 664
ligament injuries
anatomy, 808
carpal instability, 808
distal radioulnar joint and triangular fibrocartilage complex, 814–815
intrinsic ligaments, 808, 809f
kinematics, 808
lunotriquetral ligament injury, 812–813
perilunate dislocation, 813–814
scapholunate ligament injury, 809–812
radiocarpal (RC) joint, 664
septic arthritis, 675–676, 676f
tendinopathies, 782
ulnocarpal (UC) joint, 664
Wrist arthritis, 942
examination, 943
imaging, 943, 943f–944f
treatment, 943–945, 945t
Wrist fractures
distal radioulnar joint, 740, 741f
distal radius and ulna, 740, 741f
distal radius fractures
anatomy, 740
biomechanics, 740–741
classification, 741, 742f
complications, 747
distal radioulnar joint instability, 747
epidemiology and cost, 740
intercarpal ligament injuries, 747
median nerve dysfunction, 747
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operative treatment, 742–744
outcomes assessment, 748
radiographic evaluation, 741–742, 743f
rehabilitation, 748
treatment modalities, 744–746
ulnar styloid injuries, 747
patient evaluation, 740
scaphoid fractures, 748–750
volar surface, 740, 741f
Wrist tenodesis, 763, 764f
Xenograft
cartilage, 71
definition, 67
skin, 71
Xeroderma pigmentosum, 167
Xerostomia, 208
X-rays
cubital tunnel syndrome, 693
fight bites, 674
ganglions, 869
hand tumors, 867
isolated finger MCPJ collateral ligament injuries, 802
septic arthritis, 676
Y-vein graft, 822, 822f
Zigzag (Bruner) incisions, 861
Zone of polarizing activity (ZPA), 907
Z-plasty
angles, 21
burn reconstruction, 189
excision, 21
Gillies fan flap technique, 413f
local tissue rearrangement, 190
neck reconstruction, 196
soft palate closure techniques, 233–234
Zygoma, craniofacial microsomia, 277
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