182
Index
low back pain, 4
lower face, 123–128
anatomy, 123–124, 124f
combination therapy, 153
complications of treatment, 128
Dysport treatment for, 32–33, 32t
lifting, 129 (see also Nefertiti lift)
rejuvenation, 125–128
shaping, masseter muscle, 137–138, 138f
vs. upper face treatment, 125
lyophilized powder, 72, 73f
M
macropinocytosis, 68
mandible, 136
manufacturing, Botox, 19
marionette lines, 40f, 41, 124t, 125–126
masseteric nerve, 137
masseter muscle, 135–141
anatomy, 136–137, 137f
bony framework, 136–137
bruxism treatment, 137
complications of treatment, 140
history, 135, 136f
hypertrophy, 54–55, 55f–56f, 55t, 57,
135–137, 136f, 140, 149
reasons for injecting, 137–138
shaping/beautification of the lower face,
137–138, 138f, 149
surface anatomy, 137, 137f
treatment method, 139–140, 139f–140f
mastication, 137
medial pterygoid muscle, 136
median nerve block, 171
medytoxin see Neuronox
Meige syndrome, 3
mentalis, 123–128, 126t
complications of treatment, 128
Dysport treatment of, 32, 32t
injection, 126, 127f, 128
prominent, 125
Xeomin treatment of, 40f, 41
mephisto brow, 31, 40f, 88, 89f
MesoBotox, 176
mid-face, 117–122
anatomy, 117
dosing, 117, 118t
migraine, 1, 4, 9t, 10–11, 175
see also headaches
Minor’s iodine-starch test, 171
Mr Spock look, 31
Mohs micrographic surgery, 98, 157–158
molecule, changes in the toxin, 176–177
mouse LD50 potency assay, 11
mouth, dry, 47, 138
Müller’s muscle, 83, 108–109, 113
muscular atrophy, disuse, 56f–57f, 57
musicians, 125–126, 156
Myobloc, 43–51
in aesthetic practice, 44–47
case study, 47b
cervical dystonia, 176
diffusion, 47
dilution, 74
dose response, 47
duration, 47
focal axillary hyperhidrosis, 162–163
for glabellar lines, 82, 82t
for hyperhidrosis, 48, 49t
for hyperkinetic rhytides, 44–47, 45t–46t,
50t
immunogenicity, 44
onset, 47
pharmacology of, 43–44, 44t
reconstitution, 72–73
safety, 47
spreading, 47
storage of, 74
tolerability, 47
treatment considerations, 48
vs. other botulinum toxins, 60t
myofascial pain, 4
N
naphazoline, 83
nasalis muscle, 118, 118f, 118t
nasal sidewall scrunch lines see bunny lines
nasolabial fold, 126
neck
aging, 129, 132
combination therapy, 153
excessive skin laxity, 132–134
horizontal folds, 130
injection techniques for, 130, 131f
lifting see Nefertiti lift
surgery, 157
vertical bands, 130, 131f
Nefertiti lift
case study, 131b
complications of, 132, 133f
general description, 130–131, 132f–133f
nerve blocks, 171
neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM),
36–37
neuralgia, post-herpetic, 1, 4
Neurobloc see Myobloc
neurogenic hyperactive bladder function, 3
neuromuscular junction, 18, 162
Neuronox, 52–58, 53f, 61
biochemical profile, 52
clinical studies for, 52–53
for dermal edema, 54
efficacy, 52–53
for facial/body contouring, 54–55, 55f–56f,
55t, 57
handling, 53
microbiological profile, 52
multiple intradermal injections, 54, 55f
for muscular atrophy, 56f–57f, 57
physicochemical profile, 52
reconstitution, 53
safety, 52–53
use in Asians, 53–57, 54t
vs. Botox, 53
neurotoxin-associated proteins (NAPs), 19
dissociation of, 20
role of, 19
neurotransmitter release, 21
neutralizing antibodies, 29, 44
nomenclature, 8
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), 67
non-toxic, non-hemagluttinin protein, 19
NTNH protein, 19
O
occupational writer’s cramp, 3
Oculinum, 175
nomenclature, 8
studies, 7–8, 7f
see also Botox
onabotulinumtoxinA see Botox
150 kDa neurotoxin, 20
orbicularis oculi muscle, 2, 77, 78f, 111f
anatomy, 110–111
crow’s feet, 100–101
eyebrow height/shaping, 86–87, 89
eyebrow lift, 31
hypertrophic, 112, 113f
orbicularis oris muscle, 123–128, 126t
complications of treatment, 128
Dysport treatment of, 32t
injection, 126, 127f
relaxation, 126
oromandibular dystonia, 3
P
pain relief
crow’s feet treatment, 107
lower eyelid injections, 112
palmo-plantar hyperhidrosis treatment,
171–172
pain syndromes, 1, 4, 21, 175
palmaris longus tendon, 171
palmo-plantar hyperhidrosis, 169–174
anesthesia, 171–172
backflow prevention during treatment of,
172, 173b
complications, 173
dilution and injection, 172, 172t
follow-up, 173
general considerations, 170
general discussion, 169, 170f
injection technique, 172, 172f, 173b
marking the treatment areas, 171, 171f
patient evaluation, 169–170
results, 173
palpebral aperture, 112, 113f, 149
parotid enlargement, 138
patient zero, 14–16, 15f
periocular area, 110
perioral region
aging, 124–125, 125f
anatomy, 123
rejuvenation, 125–128
periorbital lines see crow’s feet
periorbital region, 110, 111f
adverse events, 115, 115t
aging in, 111
indications, 112–114
techniques, 112–114
phenylephrine, 83
photoaging
crow’s feet, 103
Glogau photoaging scale, 111, 111t
racial/ethnic differences in, 142
resurfacing for, 114–115
photodynamic therapy, 155–156
photography, 16
plantar hyperhidrosis see palmo-plantar
hyperhidrosis
platysma, 129–134
anatomy, 129–130, 130f
dynamic aesthetic clinical implications,
129–130
Dysport treatment of, 32, 32t
surgery, 157
Xeomin treatment of, 40f, 41
see also Nefertiti lift
poly-L-lactic acid, 152t
posterior tibial nerve block, 171–172
post-herpetic neuralgia, 1, 4
pregnancy, 162
pre-jowl sulcus, 124t, 125
preserved saline, 72
procerus muscle
eyebrow height/shaping, 85–87
glabellar lines, 77, 78f
Prosigne, 61
protective proteins, 26, 61
protein transduction domains (PTDs),
68
pterygoid muscles, 136
public speakers, 125–126
Purtox, 61
Q
quality of life, 161, 161t
183
Index
R
racial/ethnic differences in photoaging,
142
radial perioral rhytides, 124, 124t, 126
radiofrequency devices, 153
see also Thermage
reconstitution, 72–76
Botox, 61–62, 72–73
botulinum toxins, 64
dilution issues, 74–75, 74t
Dysport, 72–73
for facial muscles, 75
foam during, 73–74
Myobloc, 72–73
Neuronox, 53
for non-facial muscles, 75–76
sterility, 74
storage after, 74
substances used in, 72–73, 73b
variations in the process of, 73–74
Xeomin, 72–73
resistance, 44, 44b, 64–65
retinoids, topical, 114
rhinitis, 3
rhinorrhea, 3
rhytides, 2
clinical trials on, 16
fillers for see fillers
glabellar see glabellar lines
hyperfunctional see hyperfunctional
rhytides
hyperkinetic see hyperkinetic rhytides
infraorbital, 112, 113f
new, after treatment, 93
racial/ethnic differences in, 142
radial perioral, 124, 124t, 126
risorius muscle, 121, 121f
crow’s feet, 100–101
dosing, 118t
RT001, 68–70, 69f, 69t
RT002, 176
S
safety, 64
Botox, 22, 64
in darker skin types, 142–149
Dysport, 27, 64
Myobloc, 47
Neuronox, 52–53
topical neurotoxin, 69–70
Xeomin, 38–39, 64
saline, 72
samurai eyebrow, 54
scars, 157–158, 157t, 158f
resurfacing for, 114–115
treatment of, 96–98, 97f
Schirmer’s test, 102–103
secretory cell modulation, 4
Shantz, Dr Edward, 59
shelf life, 74
sialorrhea, 1
side effects, 14–15
silicon, 14
singers, 125–126
smile
gummy, 40f, 41, 119–120, 120f
inadvertent modification of, 132, 133f
smokers’ lines, 124, 124t, 126
SNAP-25, 61, 93, 177
snap-test, lower eyelid, 102–103, 103f, 112
SNARE proteins, 1, 4, 20–21, 43–44
sneering, 120–121
soft tissue augmentation, 14, 151–153,
153f–155f
crow’s feet, 106f
eyelids, 115
see also fillers
soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor
attachment protein receptor (SNARE)
proteins, 1, 4, 20–21, 43–44
spasmodic dysphonia, 3
spasmodic torticollis see cervical dystonia
spasticity, 1
adult post-stroke, 10, 37–38
dilution for limb, 75
focal upper limb, 9t
Speywood units, 27–28
spinal cord injury, 11
starch iodine test
focal axillary hyperhidrosis, 161, 162f–163f,
163b
palmo-plantar hyperhidrosis, 171, 171f
sterile water, 72
sterility, 74
storage, 65
after reconstitution, 74
frozen vs. fresh, 74
strabismus, 1, 7–8, 9t, 110
substance P, 1
sunken cheeks, 55
superficial musculoaponeurotic system
(SMAS), 110–111, 117
supratrochlear artery, 87
sural nerve block, 171–172
surgery, 156–157, 156t
blepharoplasty, 114, 157
endoscopic brow lift, 156–157
eyelid treatments, 114
facelift, 157
SV2, 20
sweat glands, 160, 163–164
sweating, 160
sympathetic nervous system, 160
synaptic vessel 2, 20
synaptobrevin, 43–44
T
tarsal plate, 32, 32f
tarsal strip procedures, 157
tear production, 102–103
telangiectasias, 155–156, 176
temporalis muscle, 136
anatomy, 137
hypertrophy, 135–136
treatment, 140
temporomandibular disorders, 3–4
temporomandibular joint, 136
tension headaches, 4
Thermage, 155–156
thyroid ophthalmopathy, 110
tibialis anterior, 75
timelines
of clinical discovery, 14t
of therapeutic development and use, 14t
topical agents
eyelid treatments, 114
versus injectable, 176
topical neurotoxin, 67–71
approaches to, 68–70
diffusion, 69–70
efficacy, 70, 70t
need for, 67
potential applications of, 70
safety, 69–70
torticollis, spasmodic see cervical dystonia
transcutaneous delivery see topical neurotoxin
trials see clinical trials
trigeminal neuralgia, 4
TRPV1, 21
U
ulnar nerve block, 171
uni-brow, 86
unpreserved saline, 72
upper face
combination therapy, 153
Dysport treatment for, 30–32, 30t
Myobloc treatment for, 45t–46t
vs. lower face treatment, 125
V
vascular lesions, 155
vermilion atrophy/inversion, 124, 124t
vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP),
43–44
vibration devices, high-intensity, 172
W
water for reconstitution, 72
wound healing, 97–98, 97f, 157–158,
157t
writer’s cramp, 3
X
Xeomin, 35–42
aesthetic indications, 38
clinical applications, 60–61
clinical experience with, 39–41
clinical performance of, 37–39
composition, 61
for crow’s feet, 105–106
diffusion, 64
dilution, 74t, 75
dosing, 62–63, 117, 118t
duration of action, 63–64
for focal axillary hyperhidrosis, 162–163
general description, 60
for glabellar lines, 80–82, 81f–82f, 82t
for horizontal forehead lines, 93–95
mid-face treatment, 117, 118t
neurological indications, 37–38
for palmo-plantar hyperhidrosis, 170
properties, 35–37
diffusion, 36–37
immunogenicity, 37
purity, 35–36, 36f, 36t
stability, 36
reconstitution, 72–73
resistance, 65
safety, 64
in aesthetics, 38–39
in neurological conditions, 38
storage, 65
total face approach, 39–41, 39f–40f
vs. other botulinum toxins, 36t, 60t
Z
zygomaticus muscles, 120–121, 120f
crow’s feet, 100–101
dosing, 118t
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